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krahets 2023-02-15 04:33:31 +08:00
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<p>基于邻接表实现图的代码如下所示。</p> <p>基于邻接表实现图的代码如下所示。细心的同学可能注意到,<strong>我们在邻接表中使用 <code>Vertex</code> 结点类来表示顶点</strong>,这样做的原因是:</p>
<div class="admonition question"> <ul>
<p class="admonition-title">为什么需要使用顶点类 <code>Vertex</code> </p> <li>如果我们选择通过顶点值来区分不同顶点,那么值重复的顶点将无法被区分。</li>
<p>如果我们直接通过顶点值来区分不同顶点,那么值重复的顶点将无法被区分。 <li>如果类似邻接矩阵那样,使用顶点列表索引来区分不同顶点。那么,假设我们想要删除索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 的顶点,则需要遍历整个邻接表,将其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(&gt; i\)</span> 的索引全部执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(-1\)</span> ,这样操作效率太低。</li>
如果建立一个顶点列表,用索引来区分不同顶点,那么假设我们想要删除索引为 <code>i</code> 的顶点,则需要遍历整个邻接表,将其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(&gt; i\)</span> 的索引全部执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(-1\)</span> ,这样的操作是比较耗时的。 <li>因此我们考虑引入顶点类 <code>Vertex</code> ,使得每个顶点都是唯一的对象,此时删除顶点时就无需改动其余顶点了。</li>
因此,通过引入顶点类 <code>Vertex</code> ,每个顶点都是唯一的对象,这样在删除操作时就无需改动其余顶点了。</p> </ul>
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<ol> <ol>
<li>将遍历起始顶点 <code>startVet</code> 加入队列,并开启循环;</li> <li>将遍历起始顶点 <code>startVet</code> 加入队列,并开启循环;</li>
<li>在循环的每轮迭代中,弹出队首顶点弹出并记录访问,并将该顶点的所有邻接顶点加入到队列尾部;</li> <li>在循环的每轮迭代中,弹出队首顶点弹出并记录访问,并将该顶点的所有邻接顶点加入到队列尾部;</li>
<li>循环 <code>2.</code> ,直到所有顶点访问完成后结束</li> <li>循环 <code>2.</code> ,直到所有顶点访问完成后结束</li>
</ol> </ol>
<p>为了防止重复遍历顶点,我们需要借助一个哈希表 <code>visited</code> 来记录哪些结点已被访问。</p> <p>为了防止重复遍历顶点,我们需要借助一个哈希表 <code>visited</code> 来记录哪些结点已被访问。</p>
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