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<h1 id="118">11.8. 基数排序<a class="headerlink" href="#118" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>上一节我们介绍了计数排序,它适用于数据量 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 较大但数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 较小的情况。假设我们需要对 <span class="arithmatex">\(n = 10^6\)</span> 个学号进行排序,而学号是一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(8\)</span> 位数字,这意味着数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m = 10^8\)</span> 非常大,使用计数排序需要分配大量内存空间,而基数排序可以避免这种情况。</p>
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<p>「基数排序 Radix Sort」的核心思想与计数排序一致,也通过统计个数来实现排序。在此基础上,基数排序利用数字各位之间的递进关系,依次对每一位进行排序**,从而得到最终的排序结果。</p>
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<p>「基数排序 Radix Sort」的核心思想与计数排序一致,也通过统计个数来实现排序。在此基础上,基数排序利用数字各位之间的递进关系,依次对每一位进行排序,从而得到最终的排序结果。</p>
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<h2 id="1181">11.8.1. 算法流程<a class="headerlink" href="#1181" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>以学号数据为例,假设数字的最低位是第 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 位,最高位是第 <span class="arithmatex">\(8\)</span> 位,基数排序的步骤如下:</p>
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<li>完美二叉树是理想情况,可以充分发挥二叉树“分治”的优势;</li>
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<li>链表则是另一个极端,各项操作都变为线性操作,时间复杂度退化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ;</li>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="二叉树的最佳与最二叉树的最佳和最差结构差情况" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_corner_cases.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 二叉树的最佳与最二叉树的最佳和最差结构差情况 </p>
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<p><img alt="二叉树的最佳与最差结构" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_corner_cases.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 二叉树的最佳与最差结构 </p>
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<p>如下表所示,在最佳和最差结构下,二叉树的叶节点数量、节点总数、高度等达到极大或极小值。</p>
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