mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-24 03:46:28 +08:00
Add implementation of array binary tree.
Rewrite the tree serialization and deserialization methods. Add applications of array and linked list.
This commit is contained in:
parent
c68f18e480
commit
4e13755023
26 changed files with 680 additions and 178 deletions
|
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
|
|||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main() {
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
|
|||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main() {
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
|
|||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main() {
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void backtrack(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<TreeNode *> &choices, vector<ve
|
|||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main() {
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class MaxHeap {
|
|||
cout << "堆的数组表示:";
|
||||
printVector(maxHeap);
|
||||
cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(maxHeap);
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(maxHeap);
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
freeMemoryTree(root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ add_executable(binary_search_tree binary_search_tree.cpp)
|
|||
add_executable(binary_tree binary_tree.cpp)
|
||||
add_executable(binary_tree_bfs binary_tree_bfs.cpp)
|
||||
add_executable(binary_tree_dfs binary_tree_dfs.cpp)
|
||||
add_executable(array_binary_tree array_binary_tree.cpp)
|
137
codes/cpp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cpp
Normal file
137
codes/cpp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cpp
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_binary_tree.cpp
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-19
|
||||
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
|
||||
class ArrayBinaryTree {
|
||||
public:
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
ArrayBinaryTree(vector<int> arr) {
|
||||
tree = arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 节点数量 */
|
||||
int size() {
|
||||
return tree.size();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */
|
||||
int val(int i) {
|
||||
// 若索引越界,则返回 INT_MAX ,代表空位
|
||||
if (i < 0 || i >= size())
|
||||
return INT_MAX;
|
||||
return tree[i];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */
|
||||
int left(int i) {
|
||||
return 2 * i + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */
|
||||
int right(int i) {
|
||||
return 2 * i + 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */
|
||||
int parent(int i) {
|
||||
return (i - 1) / 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 层序遍历 */
|
||||
vector<int> levelOrder() {
|
||||
vector<int> res;
|
||||
// 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
|
||||
if (val(i) != INT_MAX)
|
||||
res.push_back(val(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序遍历 */
|
||||
vector<int> preOrder() {
|
||||
vector<int> res;
|
||||
dfs(0, "pre", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中序遍历 */
|
||||
vector<int> inOrder() {
|
||||
vector<int> res;
|
||||
dfs(0, "in", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 后序遍历 */
|
||||
vector<int> postOrder() {
|
||||
vector<int> res;
|
||||
dfs(0, "post", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private:
|
||||
vector<int> tree;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 深度优先遍历 */
|
||||
void dfs(int i, string order, vector<int> &res) {
|
||||
// 若为空位,则返回
|
||||
if (val(i) == INT_MAX)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 前序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "pre")
|
||||
res.push_back(val(i));
|
||||
dfs(left(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 中序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "in")
|
||||
res.push_back(val(i));
|
||||
dfs(right(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 后序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "post")
|
||||
res.push_back(val(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main() {
|
||||
// 初始化二叉树
|
||||
// 使用 INT_MAX 代表空位 nullptr
|
||||
vector<int> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(arr);
|
||||
cout << "\n初始化二叉树\n";
|
||||
cout << "二叉树的数组表示:\n";
|
||||
printVector(arr);
|
||||
cout << "二叉树的链表表示:\n";
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 数组表示下的二叉树类
|
||||
ArrayBinaryTree abt(arr);
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问节点
|
||||
int i = 1;
|
||||
int l = abt.left(i), r = abt.right(i), p = abt.parent(i);
|
||||
cout << "\n当前节点的索引为 " << i << ",值为 " << abt.val(i) << "\n";
|
||||
cout << "其左子节点的索引为 " << l << ",值为 " << (l != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(l)) : "None") << "\n";
|
||||
cout << "其右子节点的索引为 " << r << ",值为 " << (r != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(r)) : "None") << "\n";
|
||||
cout << "其父节点的索引为 " << p << ",值为 " << (p != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(p)) : "None") << "\n";
|
||||
|
||||
// 遍历树
|
||||
vector<int> res = abt.levelOrder();
|
||||
cout << "\n层序遍历为: ";
|
||||
printVector(res);
|
||||
res = abt.preOrder();
|
||||
cout << "前序遍历为: ";
|
||||
printVector(res);
|
||||
res = abt.inOrder();
|
||||
cout << "中序遍历为: ";
|
||||
printVector(res);
|
||||
res = abt.postOrder();
|
||||
cout << "后序遍历为: ";
|
||||
printVector(res);
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
|
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ vector<int> levelOrder(TreeNode *root) {
|
|||
int main() {
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉树 */
|
||||
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << endl << "初始化二叉树\n" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void postOrder(TreeNode *root) {
|
|||
int main() {
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉树 */
|
||||
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
|
||||
cout << endl << "初始化二叉树\n" << endl;
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
|
|||
#pragma once
|
||||
|
||||
#include <iostream>
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
|
||||
using namespace std;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Definition for a singly-linked list node */
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ template <typename T, typename S, typename C> void printHeap(priority_queue<T, S
|
|||
cout << "堆的数组表示:";
|
||||
printVector(vec);
|
||||
cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vec);
|
||||
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(vec);
|
||||
printTree(root);
|
||||
freeMemoryTree(root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,8 +7,11 @@
|
|||
#pragma once
|
||||
|
||||
#include <limits.h>
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
|
||||
/* Definition for a binary tree node */
|
||||
using namespace std;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二叉树节点结构体 */
|
||||
struct TreeNode {
|
||||
int val{};
|
||||
int height = 0;
|
||||
|
@ -20,45 +23,55 @@ struct TreeNode {
|
|||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/* Generate a binary tree with a vector */
|
||||
TreeNode *vecToTree(vector<int> list) {
|
||||
if (list.empty())
|
||||
// 序列化编码规则请参考:
|
||||
// https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/
|
||||
// 二叉树的数组表示:
|
||||
// [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]
|
||||
// 二叉树的链表表示:
|
||||
// /——— 15
|
||||
// /——— 7
|
||||
// /——— 3
|
||||
// | \——— 6
|
||||
// | \——— 12
|
||||
// ——— 1
|
||||
// \——— 2
|
||||
// | /——— 9
|
||||
// \——— 4
|
||||
// \——— 8
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将列表反序列化为二叉树:递归 */
|
||||
TreeNode *vectorToTreeDFS(vector<int> &arr, int i) {
|
||||
if (i < 0 || i >= arr.size() || arr[i] == INT_MAX) {
|
||||
return nullptr;
|
||||
|
||||
auto *root = new TreeNode(list[0]);
|
||||
queue<TreeNode *> que;
|
||||
que.emplace(root);
|
||||
size_t n = list.size(), i = 0;
|
||||
while (!que.empty()) {
|
||||
auto node = que.front();
|
||||
que.pop();
|
||||
if (++i >= n)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
// INT_MAX represent null
|
||||
if (list[i] != INT_MAX) {
|
||||
node->left = new TreeNode(list[i]);
|
||||
que.emplace(node->left);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (++i >= n)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
if (list[i] != INT_MAX) {
|
||||
node->right = new TreeNode(list[i]);
|
||||
que.emplace(node->right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(arr[i]);
|
||||
root->left = vectorToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 1);
|
||||
root->right = vectorToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 2);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Get a tree node with specific value in a binary tree */
|
||||
TreeNode *getTreeNode(TreeNode *root, int val) {
|
||||
/* 将列表反序列化为二叉树 */
|
||||
TreeNode *vectorToTree(vector<int> arr) {
|
||||
return vectorToTreeDFS(arr, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将二叉树序列化为列表:递归 */
|
||||
void treeToVecorDFS(TreeNode *root, int i, vector<int> &res) {
|
||||
if (root == nullptr)
|
||||
return nullptr;
|
||||
if (root->val == val)
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
TreeNode *left = getTreeNode(root->left, val);
|
||||
TreeNode *right = getTreeNode(root->right, val);
|
||||
return left != nullptr ? left : right;
|
||||
return;
|
||||
while (i >= res.size()) {
|
||||
res.push_back(INT_MAX);
|
||||
}
|
||||
res[i] = root->val;
|
||||
treeToVecorDFS(root->left, 2 * i + 1, res);
|
||||
treeToVecorDFS(root->right, 2 * i + 2, res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将二叉树序列化为列表 */
|
||||
vector<int> treeToVecor(TreeNode *root) {
|
||||
vector<int> res;
|
||||
treeToVecorDFS(root, 0, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Free the memory allocated to a tree */
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
|
|||
#pragma once
|
||||
|
||||
#include <vector>
|
||||
|
||||
using namespace std;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 顶点类 */
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -59,15 +59,4 @@ public class TreeNode {
|
|||
}
|
||||
return list;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Get a tree node with specific value in a binary tree */
|
||||
public static TreeNode? GetTreeNode(TreeNode? root, int val) {
|
||||
if (root == null)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
if (root.val == val)
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
TreeNode? left = GetTreeNode(root.left, val);
|
||||
TreeNode? right = GetTreeNode(root.right, val);
|
||||
return left ?? right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
136
codes/java/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.java
Normal file
136
codes/java/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.java
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_binary_tree.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-19
|
||||
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_tree;
|
||||
|
||||
import utils.*;
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
|
||||
class ArrayBinaryTree {
|
||||
private List<Integer> tree;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
public ArrayBinaryTree(List<Integer> arr) {
|
||||
tree = new ArrayList<>(arr);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 节点数量 */
|
||||
public int size() {
|
||||
return tree.size();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */
|
||||
public Integer val(int i) {
|
||||
// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位
|
||||
if (i < 0 || i >= size())
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
return tree.get(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */
|
||||
public Integer left(int i) {
|
||||
return 2 * i + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */
|
||||
public Integer right(int i) {
|
||||
return 2 * i + 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */
|
||||
public Integer parent(int i) {
|
||||
return (i - 1) / 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 层序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<Integer> levelOrder() {
|
||||
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
// 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
|
||||
if (val(i) != null)
|
||||
res.add(val(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 深度优先遍历 */
|
||||
private void dfs(Integer i, String order, List<Integer> res) {
|
||||
// 若为空位,则返回
|
||||
if (val(i) == null)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 前序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "pre")
|
||||
res.add(val(i));
|
||||
dfs(left(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 中序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "in")
|
||||
res.add(val(i));
|
||||
dfs(right(i), order, res);
|
||||
// 后序遍历
|
||||
if (order == "post")
|
||||
res.add(val(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<Integer> preOrder() {
|
||||
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
dfs(0, "pre", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<Integer> inOrder() {
|
||||
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
dfs(0, "in", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 后序遍历 */
|
||||
public List<Integer> postOrder() {
|
||||
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
dfs(0, "post", res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class array_binary_tree {
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
// 初始化二叉树
|
||||
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
List<Integer> arr = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15);
|
||||
|
||||
TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(arr);
|
||||
System.out.println("\n初始化二叉树\n");
|
||||
System.out.println("二叉树的数组表示:");
|
||||
System.out.println(arr);
|
||||
System.out.println("二叉树的链表表示:");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 数组表示下的二叉树类
|
||||
ArrayBinaryTree abt = new ArrayBinaryTree(arr);
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问节点
|
||||
int i = 1;
|
||||
Integer l = abt.left(i);
|
||||
Integer r = abt.right(i);
|
||||
Integer p = abt.parent(i);
|
||||
System.out.println("\n当前节点的索引为 " + i + " ,值为 " + abt.val(i));
|
||||
System.out.println("其左子节点的索引为 " + l + " ,值为 " + (l == null ? "null" : abt.val(l)));
|
||||
System.out.println("其右子节点的索引为 " + r + " ,值为 " + (r == null ? "null" : abt.val(r)));
|
||||
System.out.println("其父节点的索引为 " + p + " ,值为 " + (p == null ? "null" : abt.val(p)));
|
||||
|
||||
// 遍历树
|
||||
List<Integer> res = abt.levelOrder();
|
||||
System.out.println("\n层序遍历为:" + res);
|
||||
res = abt.preOrder();
|
||||
System.out.println("前序遍历为:" + res);
|
||||
res = abt.inOrder();
|
||||
System.out.println("中序遍历为:" + res);
|
||||
res = abt.postOrder();
|
||||
System.out.println("后序遍历为:" + res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
|
@ -8,61 +8,66 @@ package utils;
|
|||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Definition for a binary tree node. */
|
||||
/* 二叉树节点类 */
|
||||
public class TreeNode {
|
||||
public int val; // 节点值
|
||||
public int height; // 节点高度
|
||||
public TreeNode left; // 左子节点引用
|
||||
public TreeNode right; // 右子节点引用
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造方法 */
|
||||
public TreeNode(int x) {
|
||||
val = x;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Generate a binary tree given an array */
|
||||
public static TreeNode listToTree(List<Integer> list) {
|
||||
int size = list.size();
|
||||
if (size == 0)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
// 序列化编码规则请参考:
|
||||
// https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/
|
||||
// 二叉树的数组表示:
|
||||
// [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]
|
||||
// 二叉树的链表表示:
|
||||
// /——— 15
|
||||
// /——— 7
|
||||
// /——— 3
|
||||
// | \——— 6
|
||||
// | \——— 12
|
||||
// ——— 1
|
||||
// \——— 2
|
||||
// | /——— 9
|
||||
// \——— 4
|
||||
// \——— 8
|
||||
|
||||
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(list.get(0));
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
|
||||
queue.add(root);
|
||||
int i = 0;
|
||||
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
|
||||
TreeNode node = queue.poll();
|
||||
if (++i >= size)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
if (list.get(i) != null) {
|
||||
node.left = new TreeNode(list.get(i));
|
||||
queue.add(node.left);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (++i >= size)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
if (list.get(i) != null) {
|
||||
node.right = new TreeNode(list.get(i));
|
||||
queue.add(node.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
/* 将列表反序列化为二叉树:递归 */
|
||||
private static TreeNode listToTreeDFS(List<Integer> arr, int i) {
|
||||
if (i < 0 || i >= arr.size() || arr.get(i) == null) {
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(arr.get(i));
|
||||
root.left = listToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 1);
|
||||
root.right = listToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 2);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Serialize a binary tree to a list */
|
||||
public static List<Integer> treeToList(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
/* 将列表反序列化为二叉树 */
|
||||
public static TreeNode listToTree(List<Integer> arr) {
|
||||
return listToTreeDFS(arr, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将二叉树序列化为列表:递归 */
|
||||
private static void treeToListDFS(TreeNode root, int i, List<Integer> res) {
|
||||
if (root == null)
|
||||
return list;
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>() {{ add(root); }};
|
||||
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
|
||||
TreeNode node = queue.poll();
|
||||
if (node != null) {
|
||||
list.add(node.val);
|
||||
queue.add(node.left);
|
||||
queue.add(node.right);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
list.add(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return;
|
||||
while (i >= res.size()) {
|
||||
res.add(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return list;
|
||||
res.set(i, root.val);
|
||||
treeToListDFS(root.left, 2 * i + 1, res);
|
||||
treeToListDFS(root.right, 2 * i + 2, res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将二叉树序列化为列表 */
|
||||
public static List<Integer> treeToList(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
treeToListDFS(root, 0, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
118
codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
Normal file
118
codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
|||
"""
|
||||
File: array_binary_tree.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2023-07-19
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
from modules import *
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ArrayBinaryTree:
|
||||
"""数组表示下的二叉树类"""
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):
|
||||
"""构造方法"""
|
||||
self.__tree = list(arr)
|
||||
|
||||
def size(self):
|
||||
"""节点数量"""
|
||||
return len(self.__tree)
|
||||
|
||||
def val(self, i: int) -> int:
|
||||
"""获取索引为 i 节点的值"""
|
||||
# 若索引越界,则返回 None ,代表空位
|
||||
if i < 0 or i >= self.size():
|
||||
return None
|
||||
return self.__tree[i]
|
||||
|
||||
def left(self, i: int) -> int | None:
|
||||
"""获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引"""
|
||||
return 2 * i + 1
|
||||
|
||||
def right(self, i: int) -> int | None:
|
||||
"""获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引"""
|
||||
return 2 * i + 2
|
||||
|
||||
def parent(self, i: int) -> int | None:
|
||||
"""获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引"""
|
||||
return (i - 1) // 2
|
||||
|
||||
def level_order(self) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""层序遍历"""
|
||||
self.res = []
|
||||
# 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for i in range(self.size()):
|
||||
if self.val(i) is not None:
|
||||
self.res.append(self.val(i))
|
||||
return self.res
|
||||
|
||||
def __dfs(self, i: int, order: str):
|
||||
"""深度优先遍历"""
|
||||
if self.val(i) is None:
|
||||
return
|
||||
# 前序遍历
|
||||
if order == "pre":
|
||||
self.res.append(self.val(i))
|
||||
self.__dfs(self.left(i), order)
|
||||
# 中序遍历
|
||||
if order == "in":
|
||||
self.res.append(self.val(i))
|
||||
self.__dfs(self.right(i), order)
|
||||
# 后序遍历
|
||||
if order == "post":
|
||||
self.res.append(self.val(i))
|
||||
|
||||
def pre_order(self) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""前序遍历"""
|
||||
self.res = []
|
||||
self.__dfs(0, order="pre")
|
||||
return self.res
|
||||
|
||||
def in_order(self) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""中序遍历"""
|
||||
self.res = []
|
||||
self.__dfs(0, order="in")
|
||||
return self.res
|
||||
|
||||
def post_order(self) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""后序遍历"""
|
||||
self.res = []
|
||||
self.__dfs(0, order="post")
|
||||
return self.res
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"""Driver Code"""
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
# 初始化二叉树
|
||||
# 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]
|
||||
root = list_to_tree(arr)
|
||||
print("\n初始化二叉树\n")
|
||||
print(f"二叉树的数组表示:")
|
||||
print(arr)
|
||||
print(f"二叉树的链表表示:")
|
||||
print_tree(root)
|
||||
|
||||
# 数组表示下的二叉树类
|
||||
abt = ArrayBinaryTree(arr)
|
||||
|
||||
# 访问节点
|
||||
i = 1
|
||||
l, r, p = abt.left(i), abt.right(i), abt.parent(i)
|
||||
print(f"\n当前节点的索引为 {i} ,值为 {abt.val(i)}")
|
||||
print(f"其左子节点的索引为 {l} ,值为 {abt.val(l)}")
|
||||
print(f"其右子节点的索引为 {r} ,值为 {abt.val(r)}")
|
||||
print(f"其父节点的索引为 {p} ,值为 {abt.val(p)}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 遍历树
|
||||
res = abt.level_order()
|
||||
print("\n层序遍历为:", res)
|
||||
res = abt.pre_order()
|
||||
print("前序遍历为:", res)
|
||||
res = abt.in_order()
|
||||
print("中序遍历为:", res)
|
||||
res = abt.post_order()
|
||||
print("后序遍历为:", res)
|
|
@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
|
|||
from __future__ import annotations
|
||||
|
||||
# Import common libs here to simplify the codes by `from module import *`
|
||||
from .linked_list import (
|
||||
from .list_node import (
|
||||
ListNode,
|
||||
list_to_linked_list,
|
||||
linked_list_to_list,
|
||||
get_list_node,
|
||||
)
|
||||
from .binary_tree import TreeNode, list_to_tree, tree_to_list, get_tree_node
|
||||
from .tree_node import TreeNode, list_to_tree, tree_to_list, get_tree_node
|
||||
from .vertex import Vertex, vals_to_vets, vets_to_vals
|
||||
from .print_util import (
|
||||
print_matrix,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
|
|||
"""
|
||||
File: binary_tree.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2021-12-11
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
from collections import deque
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TreeNode:
|
||||
"""Definition for a binary tree node"""
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, val: int = 0):
|
||||
self.val: int = val # 节点值
|
||||
self.height: int = 0 # 节点高度
|
||||
self.left: TreeNode | None = None # 左子节点引用
|
||||
self.right: TreeNode | None = None # 右子节点引用
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def list_to_tree(arr: list[int]) -> TreeNode | None:
|
||||
"""Generate a binary tree with a list"""
|
||||
if not arr:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
i = 0
|
||||
root = TreeNode(arr[0])
|
||||
queue: deque[TreeNode] = deque([root])
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
node: TreeNode = queue.popleft()
|
||||
i += 1
|
||||
if i >= len(arr):
|
||||
break
|
||||
if arr[i] != None:
|
||||
node.left = TreeNode(arr[i])
|
||||
queue.append(node.left)
|
||||
i += 1
|
||||
if i >= len(arr):
|
||||
break
|
||||
if arr[i] != None:
|
||||
node.right = TreeNode(arr[i])
|
||||
queue.append(node.right)
|
||||
|
||||
return root
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def tree_to_list(root: TreeNode | None) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""Serialize a tree into an array"""
|
||||
if not root:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
queue: deque[TreeNode] = deque()
|
||||
queue.append(root)
|
||||
res: list[int] = []
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
node: TreeNode | None = queue.popleft()
|
||||
if node:
|
||||
res.append(node.val)
|
||||
queue.append(node.left)
|
||||
queue.append(node.right)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
res.append(None)
|
||||
return res
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def get_tree_node(root: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode | None:
|
||||
"""Get a tree node with specific value in a binary tree"""
|
||||
if not root:
|
||||
return
|
||||
if root.val == val:
|
||||
return root
|
||||
left: TreeNode | None = get_tree_node(root.left, val)
|
||||
right: TreeNode | None = get_tree_node(root.right, val)
|
||||
return left if left else right
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
"""
|
||||
File: linked_list.py
|
||||
File: list_node.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2021-12-11
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
"""
|
|
@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ Created Time: 2021-12-11
|
|||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com), msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
from .binary_tree import TreeNode, list_to_tree
|
||||
from .linked_list import ListNode, linked_list_to_list
|
||||
from .tree_node import TreeNode, list_to_tree
|
||||
from .list_node import ListNode, linked_list_to_list
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def print_matrix(mat: list[list[int]]) -> None:
|
||||
|
|
80
codes/python/modules/tree_node.py
Normal file
80
codes/python/modules/tree_node.py
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
|||
"""
|
||||
File: tree_node.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2021-12-11
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
from collections import deque
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TreeNode:
|
||||
"""二叉树节点类"""
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(self, val: int = 0):
|
||||
self.val: int = val # 节点值
|
||||
self.height: int = 0 # 节点高度
|
||||
self.left: TreeNode | None = None # 左子节点引用
|
||||
self.right: TreeNode | None = None # 右子节点引用
|
||||
|
||||
# 序列化编码规则请参考:
|
||||
# https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/
|
||||
# 二叉树的数组表示:
|
||||
# [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]
|
||||
# 二叉树的链表表示:
|
||||
# /——— 15
|
||||
# /——— 7
|
||||
# /——— 3
|
||||
# | \——— 6
|
||||
# | \——— 12
|
||||
# ——— 1
|
||||
# \——— 2
|
||||
# | /——— 9
|
||||
# \——— 4
|
||||
# \——— 8
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def list_to_tree_dfs(arr: list[int], i: int) -> TreeNode | None:
|
||||
"""将列表反序列化为二叉树:递归"""
|
||||
# 如果索引超出数组长度,或者对应的元素为 None,返回 None
|
||||
if i < 0 or i >= len(arr) or arr[i] is None:
|
||||
return None
|
||||
# 构建当前节点
|
||||
root = TreeNode(arr[i])
|
||||
# 递归构建左右子树
|
||||
root.left = list_to_tree_dfs(arr, 2 * i + 1)
|
||||
root.right = list_to_tree_dfs(arr, 2 * i + 2)
|
||||
return root
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def list_to_tree(arr: list[int]) -> TreeNode | None:
|
||||
"""将列表反序列化为二叉树"""
|
||||
return list_to_tree_dfs(arr, 0)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def tree_to_list_dfs(root: TreeNode, i: int, res: list[int]) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""将二叉树序列化为列表:递归"""
|
||||
if root is None:
|
||||
return
|
||||
if i >= len(res):
|
||||
res += [None] * (i - len(res) + 1)
|
||||
res[i] = root.val
|
||||
tree_to_list_dfs(root.left, 2 * i + 1, res)
|
||||
tree_to_list_dfs(root.right, 2 * i + 2, res)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def tree_to_list(root: TreeNode | None) -> list[int]:
|
||||
"""将二叉树序列化为列表"""
|
||||
res = []
|
||||
tree_to_list_dfs(root, 0, res)
|
||||
return res
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def get_tree_node(root: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode | None:
|
||||
"""Get a tree node with specific value in a binary tree"""
|
||||
if not root:
|
||||
return
|
||||
if root.val == val:
|
||||
return root
|
||||
left: TreeNode | None = get_tree_node(root.left, val)
|
||||
right: TreeNode | None = get_tree_node(root.right, val)
|
||||
return left if left else right
|
|
@ -541,8 +541,10 @@ elementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex
|
|||
|
||||
## 数组典型应用
|
||||
|
||||
**随机访问**。如果我们想要随机抽取一些样本,那么可以用数组存储,并生成一个随机序列,根据索引实现样本的随机抽取。
|
||||
数组是最基础的数据结构,在各类数据结构和算法中都有广泛应用。
|
||||
|
||||
**二分查找**。例如前文查字典的例子,我们可以将字典中的所有字按照拼音顺序存储在数组中,然后使用与日常查纸质字典相同的“翻开中间,排除一半”的方式,来实现一个查电子字典的算法。
|
||||
|
||||
**深度学习**。神经网络中大量使用了向量、矩阵、张量之间的线性代数运算,这些数据都是以数组的形式构建的。数组是神经网络编程中最常使用的数据结构。
|
||||
- **随机访问**:如果我们想要随机抽取一些样本,那么可以用数组存储,并生成一个随机序列,根据索引实现样本的随机抽取。
|
||||
- **排序和搜索**:数组是排序和搜索算法最常用的数据结构。例如,快速排序、归并排序、二分查找等都需要在数组上进行。
|
||||
- **查找表**:当我们需要快速查找一个元素或者需要查找一个元素的对应关系时,可以使用数组作为查找表。例如,我们有一个字符到其 ASCII 码的映射,可以将字符的 ASCII 码值作为索引,对应的元素存放在数组中的对应位置。
|
||||
- **机器学习**:神经网络中大量使用了向量、矩阵、张量之间的线性代数运算,这些数据都是以数组的形式构建的。数组是神经网络编程中最常使用的数据结构。
|
||||
- **数据结构实现**:数组可以用于实现栈、队列、哈希表、堆、图等数据结构。例如,邻接矩阵是图的常见表示之一,它实质上是一个二维数组。
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -825,3 +825,22 @@
|
|||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![常见链表种类](linked_list.assets/linkedlist_common_types.png)
|
||||
|
||||
## 链表典型应用
|
||||
|
||||
单向链表通常用于实现栈、队列、散列表和图等数据结构。
|
||||
|
||||
- **栈与队列**:当插入和删除操作都在链表的一端进行时,它表现出先进后出的的特性,对应栈;当插入操作在链表的一端进行,删除操作在链表的另一端进行,它表现出先进先出的特性,对应队列。
|
||||
- **散列表**:链地址法是解决哈希冲突的主流方案之一,在该方案中,所有冲突的元素都会被放到一个链表中。
|
||||
- **图**:邻接表是表示图的一种常用方式,在其中,图的每个顶点都与一个链表相关联,链表中的每个元素都代表与该顶点相连的其他顶点。
|
||||
|
||||
双向链表常被用于需要快速查找前一个和下一个元素的场景。
|
||||
|
||||
- **高级数据结构**:比如在红黑树、B 树中,我们需要知道一个节点的父节点,这可以通过在节点中保存一个指向父节点的指针来实现,类似于双向链表。
|
||||
- **浏览器历史**:在网页浏览器中,当用户点击前进或后退按钮时,浏览器需要知道用户访问过的前一个和后一个网页。双向链表的特性使得这种操作变得简单。
|
||||
- **LRU 算法**:在缓存淘汰算法(LRU)中,我们需要快速找到最近最少使用的数据,以及支持快速地添加和删除节点。这时候使用双向链表就非常合适。
|
||||
|
||||
循环链表常被用于需要周期性操作的场景,比如操作系统的资源调度。
|
||||
|
||||
- **时间片轮转调度算法**:在操作系统中,时间片轮转调度算法是一种常见的 CPU 调度算法,它需要对一组进程进行循环。每个进程被赋予一个时间片,当时间片用完时,CPU 将切换到下一个进程。这种循环的操作就可以通过循环链表来实现。
|
||||
- **数据缓冲区**:在某些数据缓冲区的实现中,也可能会使用到循环链表。比如在音频、视频播放器中,数据流可能会被分成多个缓冲块并放入一个循环链表,以便实现无缝播放。
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
```cpp title=""
|
||||
/* 二叉树的数组表示 */
|
||||
// 使用 int 最大值标记空位,因此要求节点值不能为 INT_MAX
|
||||
// 使用 int 最大值 INT_MAX 标记空位
|
||||
vector<int> tree = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -110,6 +110,77 @@
|
|||
|
||||
![任意类型二叉树的数组表示](array_representation_of_tree.assets/array_representation_with_empty.png)
|
||||
|
||||
以下为数组表示下二叉树的实现,包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 获取节点数量、节点值、左(右)子节点、父节点等基础操作;
|
||||
- 获取前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历、层序遍历的节点值序列;
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Java"
|
||||
|
||||
```java title="array_binary_tree.java"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C++"
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp title="array_binary_tree.cpp"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Python"
|
||||
|
||||
```python title="array_binary_tree.py"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="array_binary_tree.go"
|
||||
[class]{arrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript title="array_binary_tree.js"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "TypeScript"
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript title="array_binary_tree.ts"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C"
|
||||
|
||||
```c title="array_binary_tree.c"
|
||||
[class]{arrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "C#"
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp title="array_binary_tree.cs"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Swift"
|
||||
|
||||
```swift title="array_binary_tree.swift"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Zig"
|
||||
|
||||
```zig title="array_binary_tree.zig"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "Dart"
|
||||
|
||||
```dart title="array_binary_tree.dart"
|
||||
[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 优势与局限性
|
||||
|
||||
二叉树的数组表示存在以下优点:
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ nav:
|
|||
- 0.2. 如何使用本书: chapter_preface/suggestions.md
|
||||
- 0.3. 小结: chapter_preface/summary.md
|
||||
- 1. 初识算法:
|
||||
# [icon: material/code-tags]
|
||||
# [icon: material/calculator-variant-outline]
|
||||
- chapter_introduction/index.md
|
||||
- 1.1. 算法无处不在: chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere.md
|
||||
- 1.2. 算法是什么: chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa.md
|
||||
|
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ nav:
|
|||
- 2.3. 空间复杂度: chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md
|
||||
- 2.4. 小结: chapter_computational_complexity/summary.md
|
||||
- 3. 数据结构:
|
||||
# [icon: material/database-outline]
|
||||
# [icon: material/shape-outline]
|
||||
- chapter_data_structure/index.md
|
||||
- 3.1. 数据结构分类: chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure.md
|
||||
- 3.2. 基本数据类型: chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types.md
|
||||
|
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ nav:
|
|||
- 3.4. 字符编码 *: chapter_data_structure/character_encoding.md
|
||||
- 3.5. 小结: chapter_data_structure/summary.md
|
||||
- 4. 数组与链表:
|
||||
# [icon: material/view-grid-outline]
|
||||
# [icon: material/view-list-outline]
|
||||
- chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.md
|
||||
- 4.1. 数组: chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.md
|
||||
- 4.2. 链表: chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.md
|
||||
|
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ nav:
|
|||
- 11.10. 基数排序: chapter_sorting/radix_sort.md
|
||||
- 11.11. 小结: chapter_sorting/summary.md
|
||||
- 12. 分治:
|
||||
# [icon: material/file-tree-outline, status: new]
|
||||
# [icon: material/set-split, status: new]
|
||||
- chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.md
|
||||
# [status: new]
|
||||
- 12.1. 分治算法: chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer.md
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue