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feat: Add Dart codes for binary search (#688)
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48
codes/dart/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.dart
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48
codes/dart/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.dart
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/**
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* File: binary_search_edge.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-08-14
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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import 'binary_search_insertion.dart';
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/* 二分查找最左一个 target */
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int binarySearchLeftEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {
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// 等价于查找 target 的插入点
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int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);
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// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
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if (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {
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return -1;
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}
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// 找到 target ,返回索引 i
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return i;
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}
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/* 二分查找最右一个 target */
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int binarySearchRightEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {
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// 转化为查找最左一个 target + 1
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int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);
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// j 指向最右一个 target ,i 指向首个大于 target 的元素
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int j = i - 1;
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// 未找到 target ,返回 -1
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if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {
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return -1;
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}
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// 找到 target ,返回索引 j
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return j;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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// 包含重复元素的数组
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List<int> nums = [1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 12, 15];
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print("\n数组 nums = $nums");
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// 二分查找左边界和右边界
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for (int target in [6, 7]) {
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int index = binarySearchLeftEdge(nums, target);
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print("最左一个元素 $target 的索引为 $index");
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index = binarySearchRightEdge(nums, target);
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print("最右一个元素 $target 的索引为 $index");
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}
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}
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60
codes/dart/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion.dart
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60
codes/dart/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion.dart
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/**
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* File: binary_search_insertion.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-08-14
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 二分查找插入点(无重复元素) */
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int binarySearchInsertionSimple(List<int> nums, int target) {
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int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1]
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while (i <= j) {
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int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // 计算中点索引 m
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if (nums[m] < target) {
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i = m + 1; // target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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} else if (nums[m] > target) {
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j = m - 1; // target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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} else {
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return m; // 找到 target ,返回插入点 m
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}
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}
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// 未找到 target ,返回插入点 i
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return i;
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}
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/* 二分查找插入点(存在重复元素) */
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int binarySearchInsertion(List<int> nums, int target) {
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int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1]
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while (i <= j) {
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int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // 计算中点索引 m
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if (nums[m] < target) {
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i = m + 1; // target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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} else if (nums[m] > target) {
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j = m - 1; // target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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} else {
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j = m - 1; // 首个小于 target 的元素在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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}
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}
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// 返回插入点 i
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return i;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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// 无重复元素的数组
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List<int> nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 26, 31, 35];
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print("\n数组 nums = $nums");
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// 二分查找插入点
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for (int target in [6, 9]) {
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int index = binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums, target);
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print("元素 $target 的插入点的索引为 $index");
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}
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// 包含重复元素的数组
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nums = [1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 12, 15];
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print("\n数组 nums = $nums");
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// 二分查找插入点
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for (int target in [2, 6, 20]) {
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int index = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);
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print("元素 $target 的插入点的索引为 $index");
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}
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}
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