Merge branch 'master' of github.com:krahets/hello-algo

codes/zig/build.zig

@@ -160,6 +160,48 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.build.Builder) void {
         const run_step_array_stack = b.step("run_array_stack", "Run array_stack");
         run_step_array_stack.dependOn(&run_cmd_array_stack.step);      
 
+    // Section: "Hash Map"
+        // Source File: "chapter_hashing/hash_map.zig"
+        // Run Command: zig build run_hash_map
+        const exe_hash_map = b.addExecutable("hash_map", "chapter_hashing/hash_map.zig");
+        exe_hash_map.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
+        exe_hash_map.setTarget(target);
+        exe_hash_map.setBuildMode(mode);
+        exe_hash_map.install();
+        const run_cmd_hash_map = exe_hash_map.run();
+        run_cmd_hash_map.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+        if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_hash_map.addArgs(args);
+        const run_step_hash_map= b.step("run_hash_map", "Run hash_map");
+        run_step_hash_map.dependOn(&run_cmd_hash_map.step);
+
+    // Section: "Binary Tree"
+        // Source File: "chapter_tree/binary_tree.zig"
+        // Run Command: zig build run_binary_tree
+        const exe_binary_tree = b.addExecutable("hash_map", "chapter_tree/binary_tree.zig");
+        exe_binary_tree.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
+        exe_binary_tree.setTarget(target);
+        exe_binary_tree.setBuildMode(mode);
+        exe_binary_tree.install();
+        const run_cmd_binary_tree = exe_binary_tree.run();
+        run_cmd_binary_tree.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+        if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_binary_tree.addArgs(args);
+        const run_step_binary_tree= b.step("run_binary_tree", "Run binary_tree");
+        run_step_binary_tree.dependOn(&run_cmd_binary_tree.step);
+        
+    // Section: "Linear Search"
+        // Source File: "chapter_searching/linear_search.zig"
+        // Run Command: zig build run_linear_search
+        const exe_linear_search = b.addExecutable("linear_search", "chapter_searching/linear_search.zig");
+        exe_linear_search.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
+        exe_linear_search.setTarget(target);
+        exe_linear_search.setBuildMode(mode);
+        exe_linear_search.install();
+        const run_cmd_linear_search = exe_linear_search.run();
+        run_cmd_linear_search.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+        if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_linear_search.addArgs(args);
+        const run_step_linear_search= b.step("run_linear_search", "Run linear_search");
+        run_step_linear_search.dependOn(&run_cmd_linear_search.step);
+
     // Section: "Bubble Sort"
         // Source File: "chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig"
         // Run Command: zig build run_bubble_sort

codes/zig/chapter_hashing/hash_map.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// File: hash_map.zig
+// Created Time: 2023-01-13
+// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const inc = @import("include");
+
+// Driver Code
+pub fn main() !void {
+    // 初始化哈希表
+    var map = std.AutoHashMap(i32, []const u8).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
+    // 延迟释放内存
+    defer map.deinit();
+
+    // 添加操作
+    // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
+    try map.put(12836, "小哈");
+    try map.put(15937, "小啰");
+    try map.put(16750, "小算");
+    try map.put(13276, "小法");
+    try map.put(10583, "小鸭");
+    std.debug.print("\n添加完成后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value\n", .{});
+    inc.PrintUtil.printHashMap(i32, []const u8, map);
+
+    // 查询操作
+    // 向哈希表输入键 key ，得到值 value
+    var name = map.get(15937).?;
+    std.debug.print("\n输入学号 15937 ，查询到姓名 {s}\n", .{name});
+
+    // 删除操作
+    // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
+    _ = map.remove(10583);
+    std.debug.print("\n删除 10583 后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value\n", .{});
+    inc.PrintUtil.printHashMap(i32, []const u8, map);
+
+    // 遍历哈希表
+    std.debug.print("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value\n", .{});
+    inc.PrintUtil.printHashMap(i32, []const u8, map);
+
+    std.debug.print("\n单独遍历键 Key\n", .{});
+    var it = map.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |kv| {
+        std.debug.print("{}\n", .{kv.key_ptr.*});
+    }
+
+    std.debug.print("\n单独遍历值 value\n", .{});
+    it = map.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |kv| {
+        std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{kv.value_ptr.*});
+    }
+
+    const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
+    _ = getchar;
+}
+

codes/zig/chapter_searching/linear_search.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// File: linear_search.zig
+// Created Time: 2023-01-13
+// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const inc = @import("include");
+
+// 线性查找（数组）
+fn linearSearchList(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {
+    // 遍历数组
+    for (nums.items) |num, i| {
+        // 找到目标元素， 返回其索引
+        if (num == target) {
+            return @intCast(T, i);
+        }
+    }
+    // 未找到目标元素，返回 -1
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// 线性查找（链表）
+pub fn linearSearchLinkedList(comptime T: type, node: ?*inc.ListNode(T), target: T) ?*inc.ListNode(T) {
+    var head = node;
+    // 遍历链表
+    while (head != null) {
+        // 找到目标结点，返回之
+        if (head.?.val == target) return head;
+        head = head.?.next;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+// Driver Code
+pub fn main() !void {
+    var target: i32 = 3;
+
+    // 在数组中执行线性查找
+    var nums = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
+    defer nums.deinit();
+    try nums.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8 });
+    var index = linearSearchList(i32, nums, target);
+    std.debug.print("目标元素 3 的索引 = {}\n", .{index});
+
+    // 在链表中执行线性查找
+    var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
+    defer mem_arena.deinit();
+    const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();
+    var head = try inc.ListUtil.listToLinkedList(i32, mem_allocator, nums);
+    var node = linearSearchLinkedList(i32, head, target);
+    std.debug.print("目标结点值 3 的对应结点对象为 ", .{});
+    try inc.PrintUtil.printLinkedList(i32, node);
+
+    const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
+    _ = getchar;
+}
+

codes/zig/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// File: time_complexity.zig
+// File: bubble_sort.zig
 // Created Time: 2023-01-08
 // Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
 

codes/zig/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// File: time_complexity.zig
+// File: insertion_sort.zig
 // Created Time: 2023-01-08
 // Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
 

codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// File: stack.zig
+// File: array_stack.zig
 // Created Time: 2023-01-08
 // Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
 

codes/zig/chapter_tree/binary_tree.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// File: binary_tree.zig
+// Created Time: 2023-01-14
+// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const inc = @import("include");
+
+// Driver Code
+pub fn main() !void {
+    // 初始化二叉树
+    // 初始化结点
+    var n1 = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 1 };
+    var n2 = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 2 };
+    var n3 = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 3 };
+    var n4 = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 4 };
+    var n5 = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 5 };
+    // 构建引用指向（即指针）
+    n1.left = &n2;
+    n1.right = &n3;
+    n2.left = &n4;
+    n2.right = &n5;
+    std.debug.print("初始化二叉树\n", .{});
+    try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(&n1, null, false);
+
+    // 插入与删除结点
+    var p = inc.TreeNode(i32){ .val = 0 };
+    // 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入结点 P
+    n1.left = &p;
+    p.left = &n2;
+    std.debug.print("插入结点 P 后\n", .{});
+    try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(&n1, null, false);
+    // 删除结点
+    n1.left = &n2;
+    std.debug.print("删除结点 P 后\n", .{});
+    try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(&n1, null, false);
+
+    const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
+    _ = getchar;
+}
+

codes/zig/include/ListNode.zig

@@ -16,6 +16,21 @@ pub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {
         // Initialize a list node with specific value
         pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {
             self.val = x;
+            self.next = null;
         }
     };
+}
+
+// Generate a linked list with a list
+pub fn listToLinkedList(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, list: std.ArrayList(T)) !?*ListNode(T) {
+    var dum = try mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));
+    dum.init(0);
+    var head = dum;
+    for (list.items) |val| {
+        var tmp = try mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));
+        tmp.init(val);
+        head.next = tmp;
+        head = head.next.?;
+    }
+    return dum.next;
 }

codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 // Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
 
 const std = @import("std");
-const ListNode = @import("ListNode.zig").ListNode;
-const TreeNode = @import("TreeNode.zig").TreeNode;
+pub const ListUtil = @import("ListNode.zig");
+pub const ListNode = ListUtil.ListNode;
+pub const TreeUtil = @import("TreeNode.zig");
+pub const TreeNode = TreeUtil.TreeNode;
 
 // Print an array
 pub fn printArray(comptime T: type, nums: []T) void {
@@ -46,6 +48,27 @@ pub fn printLinkedList(comptime T: type, node: ?*ListNode(T)) !void {
     }
 }
 
+// Print a HashMap
+pub fn printHashMap(comptime TKey: type, comptime TValue: type, map: std.AutoHashMap(TKey, TValue)) void {
+    var it = map.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |kv| {
+        var key = kv.key_ptr.*;
+        var value = kv.value_ptr.*;
+        std.debug.print("{} -> {s}\n", .{key, value});
+    }
+}
+
+// print a heap (PriorityQueue)
+pub fn printHeap(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, queue: anytype) !void {
+    var arr = queue.items;
+    var len = queue.len;
+    std.debug.print("堆的数组表示：", .{});
+    printArray(T, arr[0..len]);
+    std.debug.print("\n堆的树状表示：\n", .{});
+    var root = try TreeUtil.arrToTree(T, mem_allocator, arr[0..len]);
+    try printTree(root, null, false);
+}
+
 // This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
 // https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
 const Trunk = struct {

codes/zig/include/TreeNode.zig

@@ -17,6 +17,44 @@ pub fn TreeNode(comptime T: type) type {
         // Initialize a tree node with specific value
         pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {
             self.val = x;
+            self.left = null;
+            self.right = null;
         }
     };   
+}
+
+// Generate a binary tree with an array
+pub fn arrToTree(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, list: []T) !?*TreeNode(T) {
+    if (list.len == 0) return null;
+    var root = try mem_allocator.create(TreeNode(T));
+    root.init(list[0]);
+
+    const TailQueue = std.TailQueue(?*TreeNode(T));
+    const TailQueueNode = std.TailQueue(?*TreeNode(T)).Node;
+    var que = TailQueue{};
+    var node_root = TailQueueNode{ .data = root };
+    que.append(&node_root); 
+    var index: usize = 0;
+    while (que.len > 0) {
+        var node = que.popFirst();
+        index += 1;
+        if (index >= list.len) break;
+        if (index < list.len) {
+            var tmp = try mem_allocator.create(TreeNode(T));
+            tmp.init(list[index]);
+            node.?.data.?.left = tmp;
+            var a = TailQueueNode{ .data = node.?.data.?.left };
+            que.append(&a);
+        }
+        index += 1;
+        if (index >= list.len) break;
+        if (index < list.len) {
+            var tmp = try mem_allocator.create(TreeNode(T));
+            tmp.init(list[index]);
+            node.?.data.?.right = tmp;
+            var a = TailQueueNode{ .data = node.?.data.?.right };
+            que.append(&a);
+        }
+    }
+    return root;
 }

codes/zig/include/include.zig

@@ -3,5 +3,7 @@
 // Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
 
 pub const PrintUtil = @import("PrintUtil.zig");
-pub const ListNode = @import("ListNode.zig").ListNode;
-pub const TreeNode = @import("TreeNode.zig").TreeNode;
+pub const ListUtil = @import("ListNode.zig");
+pub const ListNode = ListUtil.ListNode;
+pub const TreeUtil = @import("TreeNode.zig");
+pub const TreeNode = TreeUtil.TreeNode;