Merge pull request #277 from nuomi1/feature/binary_tree-Swift

feat: add Swift codes for binary_tree article

codes/swift/Package.swift

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ let package = Package(
         .executable(name: "deque", targets: ["deque"]),
         .executable(name: "hash_map", targets: ["hash_map"]),
         .executable(name: "array_hash_map", targets: ["array_hash_map"]),
+        .executable(name: "binary_tree", targets: ["binary_tree"]),
     ],
     targets: [
         .target(name: "utils", path: "utils"),
@@ -42,5 +43,6 @@ let package = Package(
         .executableTarget(name: "deque", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["deque.swift"]),
         .executableTarget(name: "hash_map", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["hash_map.swift"]),
         .executableTarget(name: "array_hash_map", path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["array_hash_map.swift"]),
+        .executableTarget(name: "binary_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree.swift"]),
     ]
 )

codes/swift/chapter_tree/binary_tree.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * File: binary_tree.swift
+ * Created Time: 2023-01-18
+ * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
+ */
+
+import utils
+
+@main
+enum BinaryTree {
+    /* Driver Code */
+    static func main() {
+        /* 初始化二叉树 */
+        // 初始化结点
+        let n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)
+        let n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)
+        let n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)
+        let n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)
+        let n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)
+        // 构建引用指向（即指针）
+        n1.left = n2
+        n1.right = n3
+        n2.left = n4
+        n2.right = n5
+        print("\n初始化二叉树\n")
+        PrintUtil.printTree(root: n1)
+
+        /* 插入与删除结点 */
+        let P = TreeNode(x: 0)
+        // 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入结点 P
+        n1.left = P
+        P.left = n2
+        print("\n插入结点 P 后\n")
+        PrintUtil.printTree(root: n1)
+        // 删除结点 P
+        n1.left = n2
+        print("\n删除结点 P 后\n")
+        PrintUtil.printTree(root: n1)
+    }
+}

docs/chapter_tree/binary_tree.md

@@ -109,7 +109,16 @@ comments: true
 === "Swift"
 
     ```swift title=""
+    /* 链表结点类 */
+    class TreeNode {
+        var val: Int // 结点值
+        var left: TreeNode? // 左子结点指针
+        var right: TreeNode? // 右子结点指针
 
+        init(x: Int) {
+            val = x
+        }
+    }
     ```
 
 结点的两个指针分别指向「左子结点 Left Child Node」和「右子结点 Right Child Node」，并且称该结点为两个子结点的「父结点 Parent Node」。给定二叉树某结点，将左子结点以下的树称为该结点的「左子树 Left Subtree」，右子树同理。
@@ -272,7 +281,17 @@ comments: true
 === "Swift"
 
     ```swift title="binary_tree.swift"
-
+    // 初始化结点
+    let n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)
+    let n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)
+    let n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)
+    let n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)
+    let n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)
+    // 构建引用指向（即指针）
+    n1.left = n2
+    n1.right = n3
+    n2.left = n4
+    n2.right = n5
     ```
 
 **插入与删除结点**。与链表类似，插入与删除结点都可以通过修改指针实现。
@@ -373,7 +392,12 @@ comments: true
 === "Swift"
 
     ```swift title="binary_tree.swift"
-
+    let P = TreeNode(x: 0)
+    // 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入结点 P
+    n1.left = P
+    P.left = n2
+    // 删除结点 P
+    n1.left = n2
     ```
 
 !!! note
@@ -516,7 +540,9 @@ comments: true
 === "Swift"
 
     ```swift title=""
-
+    /* 二叉树的数组表示 */
+    // 使用 Int? 可空类型 ，就可以使用 nil 来标记空位
+    let tree: [Int?] = [1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15]
     ```
 
 ![array_representation_with_empty](binary_tree.assets/array_representation_with_empty.png)