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## 11.5.4   基准数优化 ## 11.5.4   基准数优化
**快速排序在某些输入下的时间效率可能降低**。举一个极端例子,假设输入数组是完全倒序的,由于我们选择最左端元素作为基准数,那么在哨兵划分完成后,基准数被交换至数组最右端,导致左子数组长度为 $n - 1$、右子数组长度为 $0$ 。如此递归下去,每轮哨兵划分后的右子数组长度都为 $0$ ,分治策略失效,快速排序退化为“冒泡排序”。 **快速排序在某些输入下的时间效率可能降低**。举一个极端例子,假设输入数组是完全倒序的,由于我们选择最左端元素作为基准数,那么在哨兵划分完成后,基准数被交换至数组最右端,导致左子数组长度为 $n - 1$、右子数组长度为 $0$ 。如此递归下去,每轮哨兵划分后都有一个子数组的长度为 $0$ ,分治策略失效,快速排序退化为“冒泡排序”的近似形式
为了尽量避免这种情况发生,**我们可以优化哨兵划分中的基准数的选取策略**。例如,我们可以随机选取一个元素作为基准数。然而,如果运气不佳,每次都选到不理想的基准数,效率仍然不尽如人意。 为了尽量避免这种情况发生,**我们可以优化哨兵划分中的基准数的选取策略**。例如,我们可以随机选取一个元素作为基准数。然而,如果运气不佳,每次都选到不理想的基准数,效率仍然不尽如人意。

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<p style="margin-top: 2em;">提供网页版和 PDF 版,兼容 PC、平板和手机随时随地阅读</p> <p style="margin-top: 2em;">提供网页版和 PDF 版,兼容 PC、平板和手机随时随地阅读</p>
<div class="text-button-container">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
<div class="text-button">
<p>下载 PDF</p>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path
d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z" />
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div> </div>
</section> </section>

View file

@ -112,6 +112,11 @@
text-transform: none; text-transform: none;
} }
.md-typeset a:hover {
color: var(--md-typeset-a-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.md-typeset code { .md-typeset code {
border-radius: 0.2rem; border-radius: 0.2rem;
} }
@ -150,34 +155,6 @@ body {
width: 100%; /* Default to full width */ width: 100%; /* Default to full width */
} }
/* rounded button */
.rounded-button {
display: inline-flex; /* Use flexbox for alignment */
align-items: center; /* Align items vertically */
justify-content: center; /* Center items horizontally */
border-radius: 100px; /* Circular corners */
padding: 9px 18px; /* Padding around the text */
margin: 0.15em 0;
border: none; /* Removes default border */
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color); /* Background color */
color: var(--md-primary-fg-color) !important; /* Text color */
font-size: 0.85em; /* Font size */
text-align: center; /* Center the text */
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline from anchor text */
cursor: pointer; /* Pointer cursor on hover */
}
.rounded-button:hover {
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-hover-color);
}
.rounded-button svg {
fill: var(--md-primary-fg-color); /* Fill SVG icon with text color */
width: 1.2em;
height: auto;
margin-right: 0.5em; /* Add some space between the SVG icon and the text */
}
/* Admonition for python tutor */ /* Admonition for python tutor */
.md-typeset .admonition.pythontutor, .md-typeset .admonition.pythontutor,
.md-typeset details.pythontutor { .md-typeset details.pythontutor {
@ -237,10 +214,69 @@ body {
max-width: 70vw; max-width: 70vw;
} }
.hero-btn { /* rounded button */
.rounded-button {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
border-radius: 10em;
margin: 0 0.1em; margin: 0 0.1em;
padding: 0.5em 1.3em; padding: 0.5em 1.3em;
font-size: 0.85em; border: none;
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
color: var(--md-primary-fg-color) !important;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.rounded-button:hover {
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-hover-color);
}
.rounded-button p {
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
}
.rounded-button svg {
fill: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
width: auto;
height: 1.2em;
margin-right: 0.5em;
}
/* text button */
.text-button-container {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: center;
height: auto;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.text-button {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
text-decoration: none;
margin: 0 1em;
}
.text-button:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.text-button svg {
display: inline-block;
fill: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
width: auto;
height: 0.9em;
background-size: cover;
padding-top: 0.17em;
margin-left: 0.4em;
} }
/* hero image */ /* hero image */
@ -284,8 +320,8 @@ a:hover .hero-on-hover {
} }
a:hover .hero-caption { a:hover .hero-caption {
text-decoration: underline;
color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color); color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
font-weight: bold;
} }
/* code badge */ /* code badge */