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Polish some cotents.
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parent
335bc29af2
commit
399e5df39a
16 changed files with 39 additions and 37 deletions
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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int binarySearch1(int *nums, int len, int target) {
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int binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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int i = 0, j = len;
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// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main() {
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printf("目标元素 6 的索引 = %d\n", index);
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, 10, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, 10, target);
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printf("目标元素 6 的索引 = %d\n", index);
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return 0;
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int binarySearch(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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int binarySearch1(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
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int binarySearchLCRO(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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int i = 0, j = nums.size();
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// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main() {
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cout << "目标元素 6 的索引 = " << index << endl;
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, target);
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cout << "目标元素 6 的索引 = " << index << endl;
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return 0;
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class binary_search {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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static int binarySearch1(int[] nums, int target) {
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static int binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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int i = 0, j = nums.Length;
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// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class binary_search {
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Console.WriteLine("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, target);
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Console.WriteLine("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
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}
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}
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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func binarySearch1(nums []int, target int) int {
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func binarySearchLCRO(nums []int, target int) int {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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i, j := 0, len(nums)
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// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class binary_search {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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static int binarySearch1(int[] nums, int target) {
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static int binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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int i = 0, j = nums.length;
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// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class binary_search {
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System.out.println("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, target);
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System.out.println("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
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}
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}
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ function binarySearch(nums, target) {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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function binarySearch1(nums, target) {
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function binarySearchLCRO(nums, target) {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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let i = 0,
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j = nums.length;
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@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ let index = binarySearch(nums, target);
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console.log('目标元素 6 的索引 = ' + index);
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, target);
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console.log('目标元素 6 的索引 = ' + index);
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
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return -1 # 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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def binary_search1(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
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def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
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"""二分查找(左闭右开)"""
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# 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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i, j = 0, len(nums)
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@ -46,5 +46,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
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print("目标元素 6 的索引 = ", index)
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# 二分查找(左闭右开)
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index: int = binary_search1(nums, target)
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index: int = binary_search_lcro(nums, target)
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print("目标元素 6 的索引 = ", index)
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn binary_search(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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fn binary_search1(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {
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fn binary_search_lcro(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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let mut i = 0;
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let mut j = nums.len();
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@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ pub fn main() {
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println!("目标元素 6 的索引 = {index}");
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// 二分查找(左闭右开)
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index = binary_search1(&nums, target);
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index = binary_search_lcro(&nums, target);
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println!("目标元素 6 的索引 = {index}");
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}
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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func binarySearch1(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {
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func binarySearchLCRO(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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var i = 0
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var j = nums.count
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ enum BinarySearch {
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print("目标元素 6 的索引 = \(index)")
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums: nums, target: target)
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums: nums, target: target)
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print("目标元素 6 的索引 = \(index)")
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}
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}
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {
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}
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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function binarySearch1(nums: number[], target: number): number {
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function binarySearchLCRO(nums: number[], target: number): number {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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let i = 0,
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j = nums.length;
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ let index = binarySearch(nums, target);
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console.info('目标元素 6 的索引 = %d', index);
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/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
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index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, target);
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console.info('目标元素 6 的索引 = %d', index);
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export {};
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn binarySearch(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {
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}
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// 二分查找(左闭右开)
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fn binarySearch1(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {
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fn binarySearchLCRO(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {
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// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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var i: usize = 0;
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var j: usize = nums.items.len;
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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn main() !void {
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std.debug.print("目标元素 6 的索引 = {}\n", .{index});
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// 二分查找(左闭右开)
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index = binarySearch1(i32, nums, target);
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index = binarySearchLCRO(i32, nums, target);
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std.debug.print("目标元素 6 的索引 = {}\n", .{index});
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_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
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@ -194,61 +194,61 @@ $$
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=== "Java"
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```java title="binary_search.java"
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[class]{binary_search}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{binary_search}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "C++"
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```cpp title="binary_search.cpp"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "Python"
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```python title="binary_search.py"
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[class]{}-[func]{binary_search1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_lcro}
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```
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=== "Go"
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```go title="binary_search.go"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "JavaScript"
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```javascript title="binary_search.js"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "TypeScript"
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```typescript title="binary_search.ts"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "C"
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```c title="binary_search.c"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "C#"
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```csharp title="binary_search.cs"
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[class]{binary_search}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{binary_search}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="binary_search.swift"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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=== "Zig"
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```zig title="binary_search.zig"
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch1}
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[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLCRO}
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```
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对比这两种代码写法,我们可以发现以下不同点:
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# 字符集与编码
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# 字符编码 *
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在计算机中,所有数据都是以二进制数的形式存储的,字符 `char` 也不例外。为了表示字符,我们需要建立一套「字符集」,规定每个字符和二进制数之间的一一对应关系。有了字符集之后,计算机就可以通过查表完成二进制数到字符的转换。
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# 小结
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## 快速回顾
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## 知识回顾
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### 数据结构分类
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@ -397,9 +397,11 @@
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以学生数据 `key 学号 -> value 姓名` 为例,我们可以设计如下哈希函数:
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$$
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f(x) = x \% 100
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f(x) = x \bmod {100}
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$$
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其中 $\bmod$ 表示取余运算。
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![哈希函数工作原理](hash_map.assets/hash_function.png)
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=== "Java"
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@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ $$
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## 哈希冲突
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细心的你可能已经注意到,**在某些情况下,哈希函数 $f(x) = x % 100$ 可能无法正常工作**。具体来说,当输入的 key 后两位相同时,哈希函数的计算结果也会相同,从而指向同一个 value 。例如,查询学号为 $12836$ 和 $20336$ 的两个学生时,我们得到:
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细心的你可能已经注意到,**在某些情况下,哈希函数 $f(x) = x \bmod 100$ 可能无法正常工作**。具体来说,当输入的 key 后两位相同时,哈希函数的计算结果也会相同,从而指向同一个 value 。例如,查询学号为 $12836$ 和 $20336$ 的两个学生时,我们得到:
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$$
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f(12836) = f(20336) = 36
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@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
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下面来剖析代码实现。对于一个 $d$ 进制的数字 $x$ ,要获取其第 $k$ 位 $x_k$ ,可以使用以下计算公式:
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$$
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x_k = \lfloor\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\rfloor \mod d
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x_k = \lfloor\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\rfloor \bmod d
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$$
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其中 $\lfloor a \rfloor$ 表示对浮点数 $a$ 向下取整,而 $\mod d$ 表示对 $d$ 取余。对于学号数据,$d = 10$ 且 $k \in [1, 8]$ 。
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其中 $\lfloor a \rfloor$ 表示对浮点数 $a$ 向下取整,而 $\bmod \space d$ 表示对 $d$ 取余。对于学号数据,$d = 10$ 且 $k \in [1, 8]$ 。
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此外,我们需要小幅改动计数排序代码,使之可以根据数字的第 $k$ 位进行排序。
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