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feat: add ruby codes - chapter greedy (#1350)
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50
codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.rb
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50
codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.rb
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=begin
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File: coin_change_greedy.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-07
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 零钱兑换:贪心 ###
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def coin_change_greedy(coins, amt)
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# 假设 coins 列表有序
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i = coins.length - 1
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count = 0
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# 循环进行贪心选择,直到无剩余金额
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while amt > 0
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# 找到小于且最接近剩余金额的硬币
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while i > 0 && coins[i] > amt
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i -= 1
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end
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# 选择 coins[i]
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amt -= coins[i]
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count += 1
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end
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# 若未找到可行方案, 则返回 -1
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amt == 0 ? count : -1
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 贪心:能够保证找到全局最优解
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coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]
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amt = 186
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res = coin_change_greedy(coins, amt)
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puts "\ncoins = #{coins}, amt = #{amt}"
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puts "凑到 #{amt} 所需的最少硬币数量为 #{res}"
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# 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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coins = [1, 20, 50]
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amt = 60
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res = coin_change_greedy(coins, amt)
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puts "\ncoins = #{coins}, amt = #{amt}"
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puts "凑到 #{amt} 所需的最少硬币数量为 #{res}"
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puts "实际上需要的最少数量为 3 , 即 20 + 20 + 20"
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# 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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coins = [1, 49, 50]
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amt = 98
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res = coin_change_greedy(coins, amt)
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puts "\ncoins = #{coins}, amt = #{amt}"
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puts "凑到 #{amt} 所需的最少硬币数量为 #{res}"
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puts "实际上需要的最少数量为 2 , 即 49 + 49"
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end
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51
codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.rb
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=begin
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File: fractional_knapsack.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-07
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 物品 ###
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class Item
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attr_accessor :w # 物品重量
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attr_accessor :v # 物品价值
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def initialize(w, v)
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@w = w
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@v = v
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end
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end
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### 分数背包:贪心 ###
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def fractional_knapsack(wgt, val, cap)
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# 创建物品列表,包含两个属性:重量,价值
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items = wgt.each_with_index.map { |w, i| Item.new(w, val[i]) }
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# 按照单位价值 item.v / item.w 从高到低进行排序
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items.sort! { |a, b| (b.v.to_f / b.w) <=> (a.v.to_f / a.w) }
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# 循环贪心选择
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res = 0
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for item in items
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if item.w <= cap
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# 若剩余容量充足,则将当前物品整个装进背包
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res += item.v
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cap -= item.w
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else
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# 若剩余容量不足,则将当前物品的一部分装进背包
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res += (item.v.to_f / item.w) * cap
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# 已无剩余容量,因此跳出循环
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break
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end
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end
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res
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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wgt = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
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val = [50, 120, 150, 210, 240]
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cap = 50
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n = wgt.length
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# 贪心算法
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res = fractional_knapsack(wgt, val, cap)
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puts "不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 #{res}"
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end
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37
codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/max_capacity.rb
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=begin
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File: max_capacity.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-07
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 最大容量:贪心 ###
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def max_capacity(ht)
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# 初始化 i, j,使其分列数组两端
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i, j = 0, ht.length - 1
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# 初始最大容量为 0
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res = 0
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# 循环贪心选择,直至两板相遇
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while i < j
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# 更新最大容量
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cap = [ht[i], ht[j]].min * (j - i)
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res = [res, cap].max
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# 向内移动短板
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if ht[i] < ht[j]
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i += 1
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else
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j -= 1
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end
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end
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res
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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ht = [3, 8, 5, 2, 7, 7, 3, 4]
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# 贪心算法
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res = max_capacity(ht)
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puts "最大容量为 #{res}"
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end
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28
codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting.rb
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=begin
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File: max_product_cutting.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-07
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 最大切分乘积:贪心 ###
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def max_product_cutting(n)
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# 当 n <= 3 时,必须切分出一个 1
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return 1 * (n - 1) if n <= 3
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# 贪心地切分出 3 ,a 为 3 的个数,b 为余数
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a, b = n / 3, n % 3
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# 当余数为 1 时,将一对 1 * 3 转化为 2 * 2
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return (3.pow(a - 1) * 2 * 2).to_i if b == 1
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# 当余数为 2 时,不做处理
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return (3.pow(a) * 2).to_i if b == 2
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# 当余数为 0 时,不做处理
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3.pow(a).to_i
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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n = 58
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# 贪心算法
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res = max_product_cutting(n)
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puts "最大切分乘积为 #{res}"
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end
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