2022-12-23 18:28:17 +08:00
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/**
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* File: avl_tree.cs
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* Created Time: 2022-12-23
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* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
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*/
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2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
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/* AVL 树 */
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class AVLTree {
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public TreeNode? root; // 根节点
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/* 获取节点高度 */
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int Height(TreeNode? node) {
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// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
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return node == null ? -1 : node.height;
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}
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/* 更新节点高度 */
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void UpdateHeight(TreeNode node) {
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// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node.height = Math.Max(Height(node.left), Height(node.right)) + 1;
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}
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2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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public int BalanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {
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// 空节点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == null) return 0;
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// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return Height(node.left) - Height(node.right);
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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TreeNode? RightRotate(TreeNode? node) {
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TreeNode? child = node?.left;
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TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child.right = node;
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node.left = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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UpdateHeight(node);
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UpdateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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TreeNode? LeftRotate(TreeNode? node) {
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TreeNode? child = node?.right;
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TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child.left = node;
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node.right = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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UpdateHeight(node);
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UpdateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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TreeNode? Rotate(TreeNode? node) {
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// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
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int balanceFactorInt = BalanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏树
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if (balanceFactorInt > 1) {
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if (BalanceFactor(node?.left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return RightRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node!.left = LeftRotate(node!.left);
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return RightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (balanceFactorInt < -1) {
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if (BalanceFactor(node?.right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return LeftRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node!.right = RightRotate(node!.right);
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return LeftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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2023-08-20 14:51:39 +08:00
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// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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public void Insert(int val) {
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root = InsertHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 递归插入节点(辅助方法) */
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TreeNode? InsertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {
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if (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);
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2023-12-28 18:06:09 +08:00
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/* 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = InsertHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = InsertHelper(node.right, val);
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else
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return node; // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
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UpdateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = Rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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public void Remove(int val) {
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root = RemoveHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 递归删除节点(辅助方法) */
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TreeNode? RemoveHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {
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if (node == null) return null;
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/* 1. 查找节点并删除 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = RemoveHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, val);
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else {
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if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {
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TreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;
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// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == null)
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return null;
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else
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node = child;
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} else {
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// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
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2023-04-14 05:47:20 +08:00
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TreeNode? temp = node.right;
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while (temp.left != null) {
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temp = temp.left;
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}
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node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, temp.val!.Value);
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node.val = temp.val;
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}
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}
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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UpdateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = Rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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/* 查找节点 */
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public TreeNode? Search(int val) {
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < val)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur.val > val)
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cur = cur.left;
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break;
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}
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur;
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}
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}
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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public class avl_tree {
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static void TestInsert(AVLTree tree, int val) {
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tree.Insert(val);
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Console.WriteLine("\n插入节点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
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}
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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static void TestRemove(AVLTree tree, int val) {
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tree.Remove(val);
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Console.WriteLine("\n删除节点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
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}
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2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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AVLTree avlTree = new();
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 插入节点 */
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// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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TestInsert(avlTree, 1);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 2);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 3);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 4);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 5);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 8);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 7);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 9);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 10);
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TestInsert(avlTree, 6);
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 插入重复节点 */
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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TestInsert(avlTree, 7);
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 删除节点 */
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// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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TestRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
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TestRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
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TestRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
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2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 查询节点 */
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2023-10-08 01:33:46 +08:00
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TreeNode? node = avlTree.Search(7);
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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Console.WriteLine("\n查找到的节点对象为 " + node + ",节点值 = " + node?.val);
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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}
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}
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