hello-algo/codes/kotlin/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_i.kt

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/**
* File: subset_sum_i.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/
package chapter_backtracking.subset_sum_i
/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */
fun backtrack(
state: MutableList<Int>,
target: Int,
choices: IntArray,
start: Int,
res: MutableList<MutableList<Int>?>
) {
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
if (target == 0) {
res.add(state.toMutableList())
return
}
// 遍历所有选择
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
for (i in start..<choices.size) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
break
}
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
state.add(choices[i])
// 进行下一轮选择
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
state.removeAt(state.size - 1)
}
}
/* 求解子集和 I */
fun subsetSumI(nums: IntArray, target: Int): MutableList<MutableList<Int>?> {
val state = mutableListOf<Int>() // 状态(子集)
nums.sort() // 对 nums 进行排序
val start = 0 // 遍历起始点
val res = mutableListOf<MutableList<Int>?>() // 结果列表(子集列表)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)
return res
}
/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
val nums = intArrayOf(3, 4, 5)
val target = 9
val res = subsetSumI(nums, target)
println("输入数组 nums = ${nums.contentToString()}, target = $target")
println("所有和等于 $target 的子集 res = $res")
}