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Encounter with Algorithms
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Complexity analysis
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Array and linked list
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Stack and queue
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Sorting
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Divide and conquer
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Backtracking
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Dynamic programming
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Greedy
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Data structures and algorithms crash course with animated illustrations and off-the-shelf code
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Dive in
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2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
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2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
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GitHub
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2023-12-27 00:48:07 +08:00
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2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
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< img alt = "Preview" src = "index.assets/hello_algo_header.png" style = "width: 100%; max-width: 41.5em;" / >
< div class = "code-badge" >
< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-snow?logo=python&logoColor=3776AB" / >
< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Java-snow?logo=coffeescript&logoColor=FC4C02" / >
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< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&logoColor=00ADD8" / >
< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&logoColor=F05138" / >
< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&logoColor=000000" / >
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< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-snow?logo=kotlin&logoColor=7F52FF" / >
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< img alt = "" src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&logoColor=F7A41D" / >
2024-01-09 16:00:33 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
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500 animated illustrations, 14 programming languages, and 3000 community Q& As to help you quickly get started with data structures and algorithms
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< div class = "reading-media" >
< div class = "media-block" >
< a href = "chapter_paperbook/" >
< div style = "height: 8.17%;" >
< / div >
< img alt = "Cover" class = "device-on-hover" src = "../assets/hero/cover_render.png" style = "height: 66.83%;" / >
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Paperbook
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< a href = "chapter_hello_algo/" >
< div style = "height: 4.34%;" >
< / div >
< img alt = "" class = "device-on-hover" src = "../assets/hero/web_mac_iphone.png" style = "height: 66.31%;" / >
< div style = "height: 4.34%;" >
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Read online
< / span >
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< div class = "media-block" >
< a href = "https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases" >
< img alt = "" class = "device-on-hover" src = "../assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style = "height: 75%;" / >
< div class = "text-button" >
< span >
Download PDF
< / span >
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< path d = "M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z" >
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< / div >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
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< / section >
< section class = "home-div" data-md-color-primary = "grey" data-md-color-scheme = "slate" >
< div class = "section-content" >
< h3 style = "text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;" >
Endorsements
< / h3 >
< div class = "intro-container" style = "margin: 0 auto;" >
< div class = "intro-text endor-text" >
< p style = "margin-bottom: 0;" >
“An easy-to-understand book on data structures and algorithms, which guides readers to learn by minds-on and hands-on. Strongly recommended for algorithm beginners!”
< / p >
< p style = "font-weight: bold;" >
—— Junhui Deng, Professor, Department of computer science and technology, Tsinghua University
< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "intro-text endor-text" >
< p style = "margin-bottom: 0;" >
“If I had 'Hello Algo' when I was learning data structures and algorithms, it would have been 10 times easier!”
< / p >
< p style = "font-weight: bold;" >
—— Mu Li, Senior principal scientist, Amazon
< / p >
< / div >
2024-04-02 19:00:08 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< / div >
< / section >
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< div class = "section-content" >
< div class = "intro-container" >
< div class = "intro-text" >
< div >
< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center;" >
< svg height = "1.5em" viewbox = "0 0 640 512" width = "1.5em" xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" >
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< h3 style = "margin-left: 0.5em;" >
Animated illustrations
< / h3 >
< / div >
< p style = "margin: 0;" >
It's crafted for ease of understanding, ensuring a smooth learning journey.
< / p >
< p class = "intro-quote" >
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< img alt = "Animation example" class = "intro-image" src = "index.assets/animation.gif" / >
2024-04-02 19:00:08 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< div class = "intro-container" >
< img alt = "Running code example" class = "intro-image" src = "index.assets/running_code.gif" / >
< div class = "intro-text" >
< div >
< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center;" >
< svg height = "1.5em" viewbox = "0 0 640 512" width = "1.5em" xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" >
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< h3 style = "margin-left: 0.5em;" >
Off-the-shelf code
< / h3 >
< / div >
< p style = "margin: 0;" >
Featuring multiple programming languages, all runnable with a single click.
< / p >
< p class = "intro-quote" >
"Talk is cheap. Show me the code."
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2024-04-02 19:00:08 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< div class = "intro-container" >
< div class = "intro-text" >
< div >
< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center;" >
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Learning together
< / h3 >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< p style = "margin: 0;" >
Welcome discussions and questions with open arms.
< / p >
< p class = "intro-quote" >
"Learning by teaching."
< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< / div >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< / div >
< img alt = "Comments example" class = "intro-image" src = "index.assets/comment.gif" / >
< / div >
< / div >
< / section >
< section class = "home-div" data-md-color-primary = "grey" data-md-color-scheme = "slate" >
< div class = "section-content" style = "max-width: 90vw;" >
< div style = "margin: 2em auto;" >
< h3 >
Author
< / h3 >
< div class = "profile-div" >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/krahets" >
< img alt = "Author: yudongjin" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_yudongjin.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
Yudong Jin（ ）
< / b >
< / a >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div style = "margin: 2em auto;" >
< h3 >
Code reviewers
< / h3 >
< div class = "profile-div" >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/codingonion" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: codingonion" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_codingonion.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
codingonion
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Zig, Rust
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/curtishd" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: curtishd" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_curtishd.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
curtishd
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Kotlin
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/Gonglja" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: Gonglja" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_Gonglja.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
Gonglja
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
C, C++
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/gvenusleo" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: gvenusleo" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_gvenusleo.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
gvenusleo
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Dart
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/hpstory" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: hpstory" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_hpstory.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
hpstory
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
C#
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/justin-tse" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: justin-tse" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_justin-tse.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
justin-tse
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
JS, TS
< / sub >
< / a >
2024-05-31 17:45:23 +08:00
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/khoaxuantu" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: khoaxuantu" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_khoaxuantu.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
khoaxuantu
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Ruby
< / sub >
< / a >
2024-04-11 20:03:24 +08:00
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/krahets" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: krahets" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_krahets.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
krahets
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Python, Java
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
< a href = "https://github.com/night-cruise" >
< img alt = "Reviewer: night-cruise" class = "profile-img" src = "../assets/avatar/avatar_night-cruise.jpg" / >
< br / >
< b >
night-cruise
< / b >
< br / >
< sub >
Rust
< / sub >
< / a >
< / div >
< div class = "profile-cell" >
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Contributors
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This book has been enhanced through the collaborative efforts of more than 100 contributors. Thanks for their invaluable time and input!
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Chapter 0. Preface
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0.1 About this book
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Chapter 1. Encounter with algorithms
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Chapter 1. Encounter with algorithms
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1.1 Algorithms are everywhere
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1.2 What is an algorithm
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Chapter 2. Complexity analysis
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2.1 Algorithm efficiency assessment
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2.2 Iteration and recursion
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2.3 Time complexity
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2.4 Space complexity
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3.1 Classification of data structures
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3.3 Number encoding *
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3.4 Character encoding *
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Chapter 4. Array and linked list
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4.1 Array
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4.2 Linked list
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4.3 List
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4.4 Memory and cache *
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4.5 Summary
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Chapter 5. Stack and queue
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5.1 Stack
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5.3 Double-ended queue
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Chapter 6. Hash table
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6.1 Hash table
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6.2 Hash collision
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6.3 Hash algorithm
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Chapter 7. Tree
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Chapter 7. Tree
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7.1 Binary tree
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7.2 Binary tree traversal
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7.3 Array Representation of tree
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7.4 Binary Search tree
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7.5 AVL tree *
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7.6 Summary
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Chapter 8. Heap
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Chapter 8. Heap
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8.1 Heap
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8.2 Building a heap
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8.3 Top-k problem
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8.4 Summary
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Chapter 9. Graph
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Chapter 9. Graph
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9.1 Graph
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9.2 Basic graph operations
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9.3 Graph traversal
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9.4 Summary
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Chapter 10. Searching
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10.1 Binary search
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10.2 Binary search insertion
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10.3 Binary search boundaries
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10.4 Hashing optimization strategies
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10.5 Search algorithms revisited
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10.6 Summary
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Chapter 11. Sorting
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Chapter 11. Sorting
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11.1 Sorting algorithms
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11.2 Selection sort
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11.3 Bubble sort
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11.4 Insertion sort
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11.5 Quick sort
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11.6 Merge sort
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11.7 Heap sort
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11.8 Bucket sort
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11.9 Counting sort
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11.10 Radix sort
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11.11 Summary
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Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
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Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
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12.1 Divide and conquer algorithms
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12.2 Divide and conquer search strategy
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12.3 Building binary tree problem
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12.4 Tower of Hanoi Problem
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12.5 Summary
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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13.1 Backtracking algorithms
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13.2 Permutation problem
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13.3 Subset sum problem
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13.4 n queens problem
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13.5 Summary
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Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
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Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
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14.1 Introduction to dynamic programming
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14.2 Characteristics of DP problems
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14.3 DP problem-solving approach¶
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14.4 0-1 Knapsack problem
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14.5 Unbounded knapsack problem
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14.6 Edit distance problem
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14.7 Summary
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Chapter 15. Greedy
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Chapter 15. Greedy
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15.1 Greedy algorithms
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15.2 Fractional knapsack problem
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15.3 Maximum capacity problem
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15.4 Maximum product cutting problem
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15.5 Summary
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Chapter 16. Appendix
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16.1 Installation
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16.2 Contributing
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16.3 Terminology
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References
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