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/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_tree
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import utils.TreeNode
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import utils.printTree
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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class BinarySearchTree {
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// 初始化空树
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private var root: TreeNode? = null
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/* 获取二叉树根节点 */
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fun getRoot(): TreeNode? {
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return root
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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fun search(num: Int): TreeNode? {
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var cur = root
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = if (cur._val < num)
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cur.right
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur._val > num)
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cur.left
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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fun insert(num: Int) {
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// 若树为空,则初始化根节点
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if (root == null) {
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root = TreeNode(num)
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return
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}
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var cur = root
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var pre: TreeNode? = null
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到重复节点,直接返回
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if (cur._val == num)
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return
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pre = cur
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = if (cur._val < num)
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cur.right
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur.left
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}
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// 插入节点
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val node = TreeNode(num)
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if (pre?._val!! < num)
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pre.right = node
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else
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pre.left = node
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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fun remove(num: Int) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (root == null)
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return
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var cur = root
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var pre: TreeNode? = null
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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if (cur._val == num)
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break
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pre = cur
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// 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = if (cur._val < num)
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cur.right
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// 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur.left
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}
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// 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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if (cur == null)
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return
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// 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
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if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {
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// 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子节点
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val child = if (cur.left != null)
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cur.left
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else
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cur.right
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// 删除节点 cur
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if (cur != root) {
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if (pre!!.left == cur)
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pre.left = child
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else
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pre.right = child
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} else {
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// 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
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root = child
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}
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// 子节点数量 = 2
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} else {
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// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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var tmp = cur.right
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while (tmp!!.left != null) {
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tmp = tmp.left
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}
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// 递归删除节点 tmp
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remove(tmp._val)
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// 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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cur._val = tmp._val
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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val bst = BinarySearchTree()
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// 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
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val nums = intArrayOf(8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15)
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for (num in nums) {
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bst.insert(num)
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}
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println("\n初始化的二叉树为\n")
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printTree(bst.getRoot())
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/* 查找节点 */
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val node = bst.search(7)
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println("查找到的节点对象为 $node,节点值 = ${node?._val}")
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/* 插入节点 */
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bst.insert(16)
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println("\n插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n")
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printTree(bst.getRoot())
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/* 删除节点 */
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bst.remove(1)
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println("\n删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n")
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printTree(bst.getRoot())
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bst.remove(2)
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println("\n删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n")
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printTree(bst.getRoot())
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bst.remove(4)
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println("\n删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n")
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printTree(bst.getRoot())
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}
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