mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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171 lines
4.8 KiB
C++
171 lines
4.8 KiB
C++
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/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.cpp
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* Created Time: 2022-11-25
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 二元搜尋樹 */
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class BinarySearchTree {
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private:
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TreeNode *root;
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public:
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/* 建構子 */
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BinarySearchTree() {
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// 初始化空樹
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root = nullptr;
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}
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/* 析構方法 */
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~BinarySearchTree() {
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freeMemoryTree(root);
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}
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/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
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TreeNode *getRoot() {
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return root;
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}
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/* 查詢節點 */
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TreeNode *search(int num) {
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TreeNode *cur = root;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != nullptr) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur->val < num)
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cur = cur->right;
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else if (cur->val > num)
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cur = cur->left;
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入節點 */
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void insert(int num) {
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// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if (root == nullptr) {
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root = new TreeNode(num);
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return;
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}
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TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != nullptr) {
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// 找到重複節點,直接返回
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if (cur->val == num)
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return;
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pre = cur;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur->val < num)
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cur = cur->right;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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else
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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// 插入節點
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TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);
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if (pre->val < num)
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pre->right = node;
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else
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pre->left = node;
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}
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/* 刪除節點 */
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void remove(int num) {
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// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if (root == nullptr)
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return;
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TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != nullptr) {
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// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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if (cur->val == num)
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break;
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pre = cur;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur->val < num)
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cur = cur->right;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if (cur == nullptr)
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return;
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// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
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if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
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// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = nullptr / 該子節點
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TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
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// 刪除節點 cur
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if (cur != root) {
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if (pre->left == cur)
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pre->left = child;
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else
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pre->right = child;
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} else {
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// 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
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root = child;
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}
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// 釋放記憶體
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delete cur;
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}
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// 子節點數量 = 2
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else {
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// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
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while (tmp->left != nullptr) {
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tmp = tmp->left;
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}
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int tmpVal = tmp->val;
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// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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remove(tmp->val);
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// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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cur->val = tmpVal;
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}
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
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BinarySearchTree *bst = new BinarySearchTree();
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// 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
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vector<int> nums = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
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for (int num : nums) {
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bst->insert(num);
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}
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cout << endl << "初始化的二元樹為\n" << endl;
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printTree(bst->getRoot());
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/* 查詢節點 */
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TreeNode *node = bst->search(7);
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cout << endl << "查詢到的節點物件為 " << node << ",節點值 = " << node->val << endl;
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/* 插入節點 */
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bst->insert(16);
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cout << endl << "插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
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printTree(bst->getRoot());
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/* 刪除節點 */
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bst->remove(1);
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cout << endl << "刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
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printTree(bst->getRoot());
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bst->remove(2);
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cout << endl << "刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
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printTree(bst->getRoot());
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bst->remove(4);
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cout << endl << "刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
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printTree(bst->getRoot());
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// 釋放記憶體
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delete bst;
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return 0;
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}
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