mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 11:16:28 +08:00
69 lines
1.8 KiB
Dart
69 lines
1.8 KiB
Dart
|
/**
|
||
|
* File: coin_change.dart
|
||
|
* Created Time: 2023-08-11
|
||
|
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
|
||
|
import 'dart:math';
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 零錢兌換:動態規劃 */
|
||
|
int coinChangeDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {
|
||
|
int n = coins.length;
|
||
|
int MAX = amt + 1;
|
||
|
// 初始化 dp 表
|
||
|
List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));
|
||
|
// 狀態轉移:首行首列
|
||
|
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
|
||
|
dp[0][a] = MAX;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
|
||
|
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
|
||
|
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
|
||
|
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
|
||
|
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
|
||
|
dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];
|
||
|
} else {
|
||
|
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
|
||
|
dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 零錢兌換:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
|
||
|
int coinChangeDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {
|
||
|
int n = coins.length;
|
||
|
int MAX = amt + 1;
|
||
|
// 初始化 dp 表
|
||
|
List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);
|
||
|
dp[0] = 0;
|
||
|
// 狀態轉移
|
||
|
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
|
||
|
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
|
||
|
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
|
||
|
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
|
||
|
dp[a] = dp[a];
|
||
|
} else {
|
||
|
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
|
||
|
dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* Driver Code */
|
||
|
void main() {
|
||
|
List<int> coins = [1, 2, 5];
|
||
|
int amt = 4;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// 動態規劃
|
||
|
int res = coinChangeDP(coins, amt);
|
||
|
print("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 $res");
|
||
|
|
||
|
// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
|
||
|
res = coinChangeDPComp(coins, amt);
|
||
|
print("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 $res");
|
||
|
}
|