2022-12-23 18:28:17 +08:00
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/**
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* File: avl_tree.cs
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* Created Time: 2022-12-23
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* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
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*/
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using hello_algo.include;
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2022-12-23 15:42:02 +08:00
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using NUnit.Framework;
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
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{
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// Tree class
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class AVLTree
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{
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public TreeNode? root; // 根节点
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/* 获取结点高度 */
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public int height(TreeNode? node)
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{
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// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
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return node == null ? -1 : node.height;
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}
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/* 更新结点高度 */
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private void updateHeight(TreeNode node)
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{
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// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node.height = Math.Max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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public int balanceFactor(TreeNode? node)
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{
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// 空结点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == null) return 0;
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// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node.left) - height(node.right);
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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TreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node)
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{
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TreeNode? child = node.left;
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TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child.right = node;
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node.left = grandChild;
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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TreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node)
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{
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TreeNode? child = node.right;
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TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child.left = node;
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node.right = grandChild;
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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TreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node)
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{
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// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
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int balanceFactorInt = balanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏树
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if (balanceFactorInt > 1)
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{
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if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0)
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{
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node);
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}
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else
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{
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node.left = leftRotate(node?.left);
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return rightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (balanceFactorInt < -1)
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{
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if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0)
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{
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node);
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}
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else
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{
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node.right = rightRotate(node?.right);
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return leftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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/* 插入结点 */
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public TreeNode? insert(int val)
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{
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root = insertHelper(root, val);
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return root;
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}
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/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
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private TreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val)
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{
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if (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);
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/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);
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else
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return node; // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
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updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 删除结点 */
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public TreeNode? remove(int val)
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{
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root = removeHelper(root, val);
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return root;
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}
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/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
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private TreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val)
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{
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if (node == null) return null;
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/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);
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else
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{
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if (node.left == null || node.right == null)
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{
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TreeNode? child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;
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// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == null)
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return null;
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// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else
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node = child;
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}
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else
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{
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// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
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TreeNode? temp = minNode(node.right);
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
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node.val = temp.val;
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 获取最小结点 */
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private TreeNode? minNode(TreeNode? node)
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{
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if (node == null) return node;
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// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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while (node.left != null)
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{
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node = node.left;
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}
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return node;
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}
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/* 查找结点 */
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public TreeNode? search(int val)
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{
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != null)
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{
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// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < val)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
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else if (cur.val > val)
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cur = cur.left;
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目标结点
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return cur;
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}
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}
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public class avl_tree
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{
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static void testInsert(AVLTree tree, int val)
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{
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tree.insert(val);
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Console.WriteLine("\n插入结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
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}
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static void testRemove(AVLTree tree, int val)
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{
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tree.remove(val);
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Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test()
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{
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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AVLTree avlTree = new AVLTree();
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/* 插入结点 */
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// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(avlTree, 1);
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testInsert(avlTree, 2);
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testInsert(avlTree, 3);
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testInsert(avlTree, 4);
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testInsert(avlTree, 5);
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testInsert(avlTree, 8);
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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testInsert(avlTree, 9);
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testInsert(avlTree, 10);
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testInsert(avlTree, 6);
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/* 插入重复结点 */
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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/* 删除结点 */
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// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
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testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
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testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点
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/* 查询结点 */
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TreeNode? node = avlTree.search(7);
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Console.WriteLine("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node?.val);
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}
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}
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}
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