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3.2. 数据结构分类
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0. 写在前面
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0. 写在前面
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0.1. 关于本书
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0.2. 如何使用本书
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0.4. 一起参与创作
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1. 引言
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1. 引言
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1.1. 算法无处不在
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1.2. 算法是什么
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1.3. 小结
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2. 计算复杂度
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2. 计算复杂度
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< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.1. 算法效率评估
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< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_time_tradeoff/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.4. 权衡时间与空间
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< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.5. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" id = "__nav_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
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3. 数据结构简介
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3. 数据结构简介
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3.1. 数据与内存
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3.2. 数据结构分类
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< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
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3.2. 数据结构分类
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目录
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#321" class = "md-nav__link" >
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3.2.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性
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< a href = "#322" class = "md-nav__link" >
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3.2.2. 物理结构：连续与离散
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< a href = "../summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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3.3. 小结
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4. 数组与链表
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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4. 数组与链表
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< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.1. 数组（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.2. 链表（ ）
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.3. 列表（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.4. 小结
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5. 栈与队列
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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5. 栈与队列
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.1. 栈（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.2. 队列（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.3. 双向队列（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.4. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7" id = "__nav_7_label" tabindex = "0" >
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6. 散列表
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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6. 散列表
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.1. 哈希表（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.2. 哈希冲突处理
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.3. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8" id = "__nav_8_label" tabindex = "0" >
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7. 二叉树
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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7. 二叉树
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.1. 二叉树（ ）
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.2. 二叉树遍历
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.3. 二叉搜索树
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.4. AVL 树 *
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.5. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_9" id = "__nav_9_label" tabindex = "0" >
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8. 堆
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_9" >
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8. 堆
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_heap/heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.1. 堆（ ）
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< / a >
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.2. 建堆操作 *
< / a >
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.3. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_10" id = "__nav_10_label" tabindex = "0" >
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9. 图
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_10" >
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9. 图
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.1. 图（ ）
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.2. 图基础操作
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.3. 图的遍历
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.4. 小结
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_11" id = "__nav_11_label" tabindex = "0" >
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10. 查找算法
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_11" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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10. 查找算法
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< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/linear_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.1. 线性查找
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.2. 二分查找
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.3. 哈希查找
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.4. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_12" id = "__nav_12_label" tabindex = "0" >
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11. 排序算法
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_12" >
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11. 排序算法
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< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.1. 排序简介
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.2. 冒泡排序
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.3. 插入排序
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.4. 快速排序
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< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.5. 归并排序
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< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.6. 小结
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< a href = "../../chapter_reference/" > 参考文献< / a >
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参考文献
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3.2.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性
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3.2.2. 物理结构：连续与离散
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< h1 id = "32" > 3.2. 数据结构分类< a class = "headerlink" href = "#32" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
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< p > 数据结构主要可根据「逻辑结构」和「物理结构」两种角度进行分类。< / p >
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< h2 id = "321" > 3.2.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性< a class = "headerlink" href = "#321" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > < strong > 「逻辑结构」反映了数据之间的逻辑关系< / strong > 。数组和链表的数据按照顺序依次排列，反映了数据间的线性关系；树从顶至底按层级排列，反映了祖先与后代之间的派生关系；图由结点和边组成，反映了复杂网络关系。< / p >
< p > 我们一般将逻辑结构分为「线性」和「非线性」两种。“线性”这个概念很直观，即表明数据在逻辑关系上是排成一条线的；而如果数据之间的逻辑关系是非线性的（例如是网状或树状的），那么就是非线性数据结构。< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 线性数据结构< / strong > ：数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表；< / li >
< li > < strong > 非线性数据结构< / strong > ：树、图、堆、哈希表；< / li >
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< p > < img alt = "线性与非线性数据结构" src = "../classification_of_data_structure.assets/classification_logic_structure.png" / > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > Fig. 线性与非线性数据结构 < / p >
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< h2 id = "322" > 3.2.2. 物理结构：连续与离散< a class = "headerlink" href = "#322" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > 若感到阅读困难，建议先看完下个章节「数组与链表」，再回过头来理解物理结构的含义。< / p >
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< p > < strong > 「物理结构」反映了数据在计算机内存中的存储方式< / strong > 。从本质上看，分别是 < strong > 数组的连续空间存储< / strong > 和 < strong > 链表的离散空间存储< / strong > 。物理结构从底层上决定了数据的访问、更新、增删等操作方法，在时间效率和空间效率方面呈现出此消彼长的特性。< / p >
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< p > < img alt = "连续空间存储与离散空间存储" src = "../classification_of_data_structure.assets/classification_phisical_structure.png" / > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > Fig. 连续空间存储与离散空间存储 < / p >
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< p > < strong > 所有数据结构都是基于数组、或链表、或两者组合实现的< / strong > 。例如栈和队列，既可以使用数组实现、也可以使用链表实现，而例如哈希表，其实现同时包含了数组和链表。< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 基于数组可实现< / strong > ：栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图、矩阵、张量（维度 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\geq 3\)< / span > 的数组）等；< / li >
< li > < strong > 基于链表可实现< / strong > ：栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图等；< / li >
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< p > 基于数组实现的数据结构也被称为「静态数据结构」，这意味着该数据结构在在被初始化后，长度不可变。相反地，基于链表实现的数据结构被称为「动态数据结构」，该数据结构在被初始化后，我们也可以在程序运行中修改其长度。< / p >
< div class = "admonition tip" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Tip< / p >
< p > 数组与链表是其他所有数据结构的“底层积木”，建议读者一定要多花些时间了解。< / p >
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