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Hello 算法
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11.4. 快速排序
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0. 写在前面
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0. 写在前面
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0.1. 关于本书
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0.2. 如何使用本书
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0.3. 编程环境安装
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0.4. 一起参与创作
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1. 引言
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1. 引言
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1.1. 算法无处不在
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1.2. 算法是什么
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2. 计算复杂度
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2. 计算复杂度
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2.1. 算法效率评估
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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2.4. 权衡时间与空间
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2.5. 小结
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" id = "__nav_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
3. 数据结构简介
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
3. 数据结构简介
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_data_structure/data_and_memory/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.1. 数据与内存
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.2. 数据结构分类
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< a href = "../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.3. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5" id = "__nav_5_label" tabindex = "0" >
4. 数组与链表
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
4. 数组与链表
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class = "md-nav__link" >
4.1. 数组（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
4.2. 链表（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
4.3. 列表（ ）
< / a >
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< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
4.4. 小结
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_6" id = "__nav_6_label" tabindex = "0" >
5. 栈与队列
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
5. 栈与队列
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class = "md-nav__link" >
5.1. 栈（ ）
< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class = "md-nav__link" >
5.2. 队列（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class = "md-nav__link" >
5.3. 双向队列（ ）
< / a >
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< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
5.4. 小结
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7" id = "__nav_7_label" tabindex = "0" >
6. 散列表
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
6. 散列表
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class = "md-nav__link" >
6.1. 哈希表（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class = "md-nav__link" >
6.2. 哈希冲突处理
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< / li >
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
6.3. 小结
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8" id = "__nav_8_label" tabindex = "0" >
7. 二叉树
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
7. 二叉树
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.1. 二叉树（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.2. 二叉树遍历
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.3. 二叉搜索树
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.4. AVL 树 *
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.5. 小结
< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_9" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_9" id = "__nav_9_label" tabindex = "0" >
8. 堆
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< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_9" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
8. 堆
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_heap/heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.1. 堆（ ）
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_10" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_10" id = "__nav_10_label" tabindex = "0" >
9. 图
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< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_10" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
9. 图
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.1. 图（ ）
< / a >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.2. 图基础操作
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_11" id = "__nav_11_label" tabindex = "0" >
10. 查找算法
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_11_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_11" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
10. 查找算法
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/linear_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.1. 线性查找
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.2. 二分查找
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.3. 哈希查找
< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.4. 小结
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_12" checked >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_12" id = "__nav_12_label" tabindex = "0" >
11. 排序算法
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_12_label" aria-expanded = "true" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_12" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
11. 排序算法
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../intro_to_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.1. 排序简介
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../bubble_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.2. 冒泡排序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../insertion_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.3. 插入排序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
11.4. 快速排序
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< / label >
< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
11.4. 快速排序
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "目录" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
目录
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1141" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.1. 算法流程
< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1142" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.2. 算法特性
< / a >
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< a href = "#1143" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.3. 快排为什么快？
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1144" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.4. 基准数优化
< / a >
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< a href = "#1145" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.5. 尾递归优化
< / a >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< a href = "../merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.5. 归并排序
< / a >
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< a href = "../summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.6. 小结
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--index " >
< a href = "../../chapter_reference/" > 参考文献< / a >
< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_13_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_13" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
参考文献
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< / ul >
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< / div >
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< / div >
< div class = "md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component = "sidebar" data-md-type = "toc" >
< div class = "md-sidebar__scrollwrap" >
< div class = "md-sidebar__inner" >
< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "目录" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
目录
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1141" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.1. 算法流程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1142" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.2. 算法特性
< / a >
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< a href = "#1143" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.3. 快排为什么快？
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1144" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.4. 基准数优化
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#1145" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.4.5. 尾递归优化
< / a >
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< / div >
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< div class = "md-content" data-md-component = "content" >
< article class = "md-content__inner md-typeset" >
< a href = "https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.md" title = "编辑此页" class = "md-content__button md-icon" >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z" / > < / svg >
< / a >
< h1 id = "114" > 11.4. 快速排序< a class = "headerlink" href = "#114" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
< p > 「快速排序 Quick Sort」是一种基于“分治思想”的排序算法， < / p >
< p > 快速排序的核心操作为「哨兵划分」，其目标为：选取数组某个元素为 < strong > 基准数< / strong > ，将所有小于基准数的元素移动至其左边，大于基准数的元素移动至其右边。「哨兵划分」的实现流程为：< / p >
< ol >
< li > 以数组最左端元素作为基准数，初始化两个指针 < code > i< / code > , < code > j< / code > 指向数组两端；< / li >
< li > 设置一个循环，每轮中使用 < code > i< / code > / < code > j< / code > 分别寻找首个比基准数大 / 小的元素，并交换此两元素；< / li >
< li > 不断循环步骤 < code > 2.< / code > ，直至 < code > i< / code > , < code > j< / code > 相遇时跳出，最终把基准数交换至两个子数组的分界线；< / li >
< / ol >
< p > 「哨兵划分」执行完毕后，原数组被划分成两个部分，即 < strong > 左子数组< / strong > 和 < strong > 右子数组< / strong > ，且满足 < strong > 左子数组任意元素 < 基准数 < 右子数组任意元素< / strong > 。因此，接下来我们只需要排序两个子数组即可。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:9" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Step 1< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > Step 2< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Step 3< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > Step 4< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Step 5< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Step 6< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > Step 7< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > Step 8< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Step 9< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step1" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step1.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step2" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step2.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step3" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step3.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step4" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step4.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step5" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step5.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step6" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step6.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step7" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step7.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step8" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step8.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < img alt = "pivot_division_step9" src = "../quick_sort.assets/pivot_division_step9.png" / > < / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< p align = "center" > Fig. 哨兵划分 < / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:10" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_4" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_5" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_6" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_7" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_8" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_9" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_10" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_4" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_5" > JavaScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_6" > TypeScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_7" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_8" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_9" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_10" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-18" name = "__codelineno-0-18" href = "#__codelineno-0-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-19" name = "__codelineno-0-19" href = "#__codelineno-0-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-20" name = "__codelineno-0-20" href = "#__codelineno-0-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-21" name = "__codelineno-0-21" href = "#__codelineno-0-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-19" name = "__codelineno-1-19" href = "#__codelineno-1-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-20" name = "__codelineno-1-20" href = "#__codelineno-1-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-21" name = "__codelineno-1-21" href = "#__codelineno-1-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "sd" > " " " 哨兵划分 " " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "ow" > and< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "ow" > and< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素交换< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > //元素交换< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 元素交换< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-21" name = "__codelineno-4-21" href = "#__codelineno-4-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-22" name = "__codelineno-4-22" href = "#__codelineno-4-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-23" name = "__codelineno-4-23" href = "#__codelineno-4-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-24" name = "__codelineno-4-24" href = "#__codelineno-4-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-19" name = "__codelineno-5-19" href = "#__codelineno-5-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 元素交换< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-20" name = "__codelineno-5-20" href = "#__codelineno-5-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-21" name = "__codelineno-5-21" href = "#__codelineno-5-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-22" name = "__codelineno-5-22" href = "#__codelineno-5-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-23" name = "__codelineno-5-23" href = "#__codelineno-5-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-24" name = "__codelineno-5-24" href = "#__codelineno-5-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-23" name = "__codelineno-7-23" href = "#__codelineno-7-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-24" name = "__codelineno-7-24" href = "#__codelineno-7-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素交换 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-19" name = "__codelineno-8-19" href = "#__codelineno-8-19" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-20" name = "__codelineno-8-20" href = "#__codelineno-8-20" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-21" name = "__codelineno-8-21" href = "#__codelineno-8-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-22" name = "__codelineno-8-22" href = "#__codelineno-8-22" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-23" name = "__codelineno-8-23" href = "#__codelineno-8-23" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-24" name = "__codelineno-8-24" href = "#__codelineno-8-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > 快速排序的分治思想< / p >
< p > 哨兵划分的实质是将 < strong > 一个长数组的排序问题< / strong > 简化为 < strong > 两个短数组的排序问题< / strong > 。< / p >
< / div >
< h2 id = "1141" > 11.4.1. 算法流程< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1141" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< ol >
< li > 首先，对数组执行一次「哨兵划分」，得到待排序的 < strong > 左子数组< / strong > 和 < strong > 右子数组< / strong > ； < / li >
< li > 接下来，对 < strong > 左子数组< / strong > 和 < strong > 右子数组< / strong > 分别 < strong > 递归执行< / strong > 「哨兵划分」……< / li >
< li > 直至子数组长度为 1 时 < strong > 终止递归< / strong > ，即可完成对整个数组的排序；< / li >
< / ol >
< p > 观察发现，快速排序和「二分查找」的原理类似，都是以对数阶的时间复杂度来缩小处理区间。< / p >
< p > < img alt = "quick_sort" src = "../quick_sort.assets/quick_sort.png" / > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Fig. 快速排序流程 < / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "3:10" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_3_1" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_2" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_3" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_4" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_5" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_6" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_7" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_8" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_9" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_10" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_3_1" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_3" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_4" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_5" > JavaScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_6" > TypeScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_7" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_8" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_9" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_10" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-2" name = "__codelineno-10-2" href = "#__codelineno-10-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-3" name = "__codelineno-10-3" href = "#__codelineno-10-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-4" name = "__codelineno-10-4" href = "#__codelineno-10-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-5" name = "__codelineno-10-5" href = "#__codelineno-10-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-6" name = "__codelineno-10-6" href = "#__codelineno-10-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-7" name = "__codelineno-10-7" href = "#__codelineno-10-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-8" name = "__codelineno-10-8" href = "#__codelineno-10-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-9" name = "__codelineno-10-9" href = "#__codelineno-10-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-10" name = "__codelineno-10-10" href = "#__codelineno-10-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-11" name = "__codelineno-10-11" href = "#__codelineno-10-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-2" name = "__codelineno-11-2" href = "#__codelineno-11-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-3" name = "__codelineno-11-3" href = "#__codelineno-11-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-4" name = "__codelineno-11-4" href = "#__codelineno-11-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-5" name = "__codelineno-11-5" href = "#__codelineno-11-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-6" name = "__codelineno-11-6" href = "#__codelineno-11-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-7" name = "__codelineno-11-7" href = "#__codelineno-11-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-8" name = "__codelineno-11-8" href = "#__codelineno-11-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-9" name = "__codelineno-11-9" href = "#__codelineno-11-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-10" name = "__codelineno-11-10" href = "#__codelineno-11-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-11" name = "__codelineno-11-11" href = "#__codelineno-11-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a > < span class = "sd" > " " " 快速排序 " " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-2" name = "__codelineno-12-2" href = "#__codelineno-12-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-3" name = "__codelineno-12-3" href = "#__codelineno-12-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-4" name = "__codelineno-12-4" href = "#__codelineno-12-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-5" name = "__codelineno-12-5" href = "#__codelineno-12-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-6" name = "__codelineno-12-6" href = "#__codelineno-12-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-7" name = "__codelineno-12-7" href = "#__codelineno-12-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-8" name = "__codelineno-12-8" href = "#__codelineno-12-8" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-9" name = "__codelineno-12-9" href = "#__codelineno-12-9" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-10" name = "__codelineno-12-10" href = "#__codelineno-12-10" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-13-1" name = "__codelineno-13-1" href = "#__codelineno-13-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-2" name = "__codelineno-13-2" href = "#__codelineno-13-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-3" name = "__codelineno-13-3" href = "#__codelineno-13-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-4" name = "__codelineno-13-4" href = "#__codelineno-13-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-5" name = "__codelineno-13-5" href = "#__codelineno-13-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-6" name = "__codelineno-13-6" href = "#__codelineno-13-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-7" name = "__codelineno-13-7" href = "#__codelineno-13-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-8" name = "__codelineno-13-8" href = "#__codelineno-13-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-9" name = "__codelineno-13-9" href = "#__codelineno-13-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-10" name = "__codelineno-13-10" href = "#__codelineno-13-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-11" name = "__codelineno-13-11" href = "#__codelineno-13-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-12" name = "__codelineno-13-12" href = "#__codelineno-13-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-14-1" name = "__codelineno-14-1" href = "#__codelineno-14-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-2" name = "__codelineno-14-2" href = "#__codelineno-14-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-3" name = "__codelineno-14-3" href = "#__codelineno-14-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-4" name = "__codelineno-14-4" href = "#__codelineno-14-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-5" name = "__codelineno-14-5" href = "#__codelineno-14-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-6" name = "__codelineno-14-6" href = "#__codelineno-14-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-14-7" name = "__codelineno-14-7" href = "#__codelineno-14-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-8" name = "__codelineno-14-8" href = "#__codelineno-14-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-9" name = "__codelineno-14-9" href = "#__codelineno-14-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-10" name = "__codelineno-14-10" href = "#__codelineno-14-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-15-1" name = "__codelineno-15-1" href = "#__codelineno-15-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-2" name = "__codelineno-15-2" href = "#__codelineno-15-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-3" name = "__codelineno-15-3" href = "#__codelineno-15-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-4" name = "__codelineno-15-4" href = "#__codelineno-15-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-5" name = "__codelineno-15-5" href = "#__codelineno-15-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-6" name = "__codelineno-15-6" href = "#__codelineno-15-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-7" name = "__codelineno-15-7" href = "#__codelineno-15-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-8" name = "__codelineno-15-8" href = "#__codelineno-15-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-9" name = "__codelineno-15-9" href = "#__codelineno-15-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
2023-02-08 16:47:58 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-10" name = "__codelineno-15-10" href = "#__codelineno-15-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-11" name = "__codelineno-15-11" href = "#__codelineno-15-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-12" name = "__codelineno-15-12" href = "#__codelineno-15-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-16-1" name = "__codelineno-16-1" href = "#__codelineno-16-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-17-1" name = "__codelineno-17-1" href = "#__codelineno-17-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-2" name = "__codelineno-17-2" href = "#__codelineno-17-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-3" name = "__codelineno-17-3" href = "#__codelineno-17-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-4" name = "__codelineno-17-4" href = "#__codelineno-17-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-5" name = "__codelineno-17-5" href = "#__codelineno-17-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-6" name = "__codelineno-17-6" href = "#__codelineno-17-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-7" name = "__codelineno-17-7" href = "#__codelineno-17-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-8" name = "__codelineno-17-8" href = "#__codelineno-17-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-9" name = "__codelineno-17-9" href = "#__codelineno-17-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-10" name = "__codelineno-17-10" href = "#__codelineno-17-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-11" name = "__codelineno-17-11" href = "#__codelineno-17-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-12" name = "__codelineno-17-12" href = "#__codelineno-17-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-18-1" name = "__codelineno-18-1" href = "#__codelineno-18-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-2" name = "__codelineno-18-2" href = "#__codelineno-18-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-3" name = "__codelineno-18-3" href = "#__codelineno-18-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-4" name = "__codelineno-18-4" href = "#__codelineno-18-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-5" name = "__codelineno-18-5" href = "#__codelineno-18-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-6" name = "__codelineno-18-6" href = "#__codelineno-18-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-7" name = "__codelineno-18-7" href = "#__codelineno-18-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-8" name = "__codelineno-18-8" href = "#__codelineno-18-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-9" name = "__codelineno-18-9" href = "#__codelineno-18-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 递归左子数组、右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-10" name = "__codelineno-18-10" href = "#__codelineno-18-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-11" name = "__codelineno-18-11" href = "#__codelineno-18-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-12" name = "__codelineno-18-12" href = "#__codelineno-18-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-19-1" name = "__codelineno-19-1" href = "#__codelineno-19-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< h2 id = "1142" > 11.4.2. 算法特性< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1142" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 平均时间复杂度 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n \log n)\)< / span > < / strong > ：平均情况下，哨兵划分的递归层数为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\log n\)< / span > ，每层中的总循环数为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > ，总体使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n \log n)\)< / span > 时间。< / p >
< p > < strong > 最差时间复杂度 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > < / strong > ：最差情况下，哨兵划分操作将长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 的数组划分为长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0\)< / span > 和 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n - 1\)< / span > 的两个子数组，此时递归层数达到 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 层，每层中的循环数为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > ，总体使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > 时间。< / p >
< p > < strong > 空间复杂度 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < / strong > ：输入数组完全倒序下，达到最差递归深度 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 。< / p >
< p > < strong > 原地排序< / strong > ：只在递归中使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(\log n)\)< / span > 大小的栈帧空间。< / p >
< p > < strong > 非稳定排序< / strong > ：哨兵划分操作可能改变相等元素的相对位置。< / p >
< p > < strong > 自适应排序< / strong > ：最差情况下，时间复杂度劣化至 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > 。< / p >
< h2 id = "1143" > 11.4.3. 快排为什么快？< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1143" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 从命名能够看出，快速排序在效率方面一定“有两把刷子”。快速排序的平均时间复杂度虽然与「归并排序」和「堆排序」一致，但实际 < strong > 效率更高< / strong > ，这是因为：< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 出现最差情况的概率很低< / strong > ：虽然快速排序的最差时间复杂度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > ，不如归并排序，但绝大部分情况下，快速排序可以达到 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n \log n)\)< / span > 的复杂度。< / li >
< li > < strong > 缓存使用效率高< / strong > ：哨兵划分操作时，将整个子数组加载入缓存中，访问元素效率很高。而诸如「堆排序」需要跳跃式访问元素，因此不具有此特性。< / li >
< li > < strong > 复杂度的常数系数低< / strong > ：在提及的三种算法中，快速排序的 < strong > 比较< / strong > 、< strong > 赋值< / strong > 、< strong > 交换< / strong > 三种操作的总体数量最少（类似于「插入排序」快于「冒泡排序」的原因）。< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "1144" > 11.4.4. 基准数优化< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1144" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 普通快速排序在某些输入下的时间效率变差< / strong > 。举个极端例子，假设输入数组是完全倒序的，由于我们选取最左端元素为基准数，那么在哨兵划分完成后，基准数被交换至数组最右端，从而 < strong > 左子数组长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n - 1\)< / span > 、右子数组长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0\)< / span > < / strong > 。这样进一步递归下去，< strong > 每轮哨兵划分后的右子数组长度都为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0\)< / span > < / strong > ，分治策略失效，快速排序退化为「冒泡排序」了。< / p >
< p > 为了尽量避免这种情况发生，我们可以优化一下基准数的选取策略。首先，在哨兵划分中，我们可以 < strong > 随机选取一个元素作为基准数< / strong > 。但如果运气很差，每次都选择到比较差的基准数，那么效率依然不好。< / p >
< p > 进一步地，我们可以在数组中选取 3 个候选元素（一般为数组的首、尾、中点元素），< strong > 并将三个候选元素的中位数作为基准数< / strong > ，这样基准数“既不大也不小”的概率就大大提升了。当然，如果数组很长的话，我们也可以选取更多候选元素，来进一步提升算法的稳健性。采取该方法后，时间复杂度劣化至 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > 的概率极低。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "4:10" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_4_1" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_2" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_3" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_4" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_5" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_6" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_7" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_8" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_9" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_10" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_4_1" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_3" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_4" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_5" > JavaScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_6" > TypeScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_7" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_8" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_9" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_10" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-20-1" name = "__codelineno-20-1" href = "#__codelineno-20-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-2" name = "__codelineno-20-2" href = "#__codelineno-20-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-3" name = "__codelineno-20-3" href = "#__codelineno-20-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-4" name = "__codelineno-20-4" href = "#__codelineno-20-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-5" name = "__codelineno-20-5" href = "#__codelineno-20-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-6" name = "__codelineno-20-6" href = "#__codelineno-20-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-7" name = "__codelineno-20-7" href = "#__codelineno-20-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-8" name = "__codelineno-20-8" href = "#__codelineno-20-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-9" name = "__codelineno-20-9" href = "#__codelineno-20-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-10" name = "__codelineno-20-10" href = "#__codelineno-20-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-11" name = "__codelineno-20-11" href = "#__codelineno-20-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-12" name = "__codelineno-20-12" href = "#__codelineno-20-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-13" name = "__codelineno-20-13" href = "#__codelineno-20-13" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-14" name = "__codelineno-20-14" href = "#__codelineno-20-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-15" name = "__codelineno-20-15" href = "#__codelineno-20-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-16" name = "__codelineno-20-16" href = "#__codelineno-20-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-17" name = "__codelineno-20-17" href = "#__codelineno-20-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-18" name = "__codelineno-20-18" href = "#__codelineno-20-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-19" name = "__codelineno-20-19" href = "#__codelineno-20-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-20" name = "__codelineno-20-20" href = "#__codelineno-20-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-21" name = "__codelineno-20-21" href = "#__codelineno-20-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-22" name = "__codelineno-20-22" href = "#__codelineno-20-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-23" name = "__codelineno-20-23" href = "#__codelineno-20-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-24" name = "__codelineno-20-24" href = "#__codelineno-20-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-25" name = "__codelineno-20-25" href = "#__codelineno-20-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-26" name = "__codelineno-20-26" href = "#__codelineno-20-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-27" name = "__codelineno-20-27" href = "#__codelineno-20-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-28" name = "__codelineno-20-28" href = "#__codelineno-20-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-29" name = "__codelineno-20-29" href = "#__codelineno-20-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-30" name = "__codelineno-20-30" href = "#__codelineno-20-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-21-1" name = "__codelineno-21-1" href = "#__codelineno-21-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-2" name = "__codelineno-21-2" href = "#__codelineno-21-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-3" name = "__codelineno-21-3" href = "#__codelineno-21-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-4" name = "__codelineno-21-4" href = "#__codelineno-21-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-5" name = "__codelineno-21-5" href = "#__codelineno-21-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-6" name = "__codelineno-21-6" href = "#__codelineno-21-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-7" name = "__codelineno-21-7" href = "#__codelineno-21-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-8" name = "__codelineno-21-8" href = "#__codelineno-21-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-9" name = "__codelineno-21-9" href = "#__codelineno-21-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-10" name = "__codelineno-21-10" href = "#__codelineno-21-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-11" name = "__codelineno-21-11" href = "#__codelineno-21-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-12" name = "__codelineno-21-12" href = "#__codelineno-21-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-13" name = "__codelineno-21-13" href = "#__codelineno-21-13" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-14" name = "__codelineno-21-14" href = "#__codelineno-21-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-15" name = "__codelineno-21-15" href = "#__codelineno-21-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-16" name = "__codelineno-21-16" href = "#__codelineno-21-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-17" name = "__codelineno-21-17" href = "#__codelineno-21-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-18" name = "__codelineno-21-18" href = "#__codelineno-21-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-19" name = "__codelineno-21-19" href = "#__codelineno-21-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-20" name = "__codelineno-21-20" href = "#__codelineno-21-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-21" name = "__codelineno-21-21" href = "#__codelineno-21-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-22" name = "__codelineno-21-22" href = "#__codelineno-21-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-23" name = "__codelineno-21-23" href = "#__codelineno-21-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-24" name = "__codelineno-21-24" href = "#__codelineno-21-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-25" name = "__codelineno-21-25" href = "#__codelineno-21-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-26" name = "__codelineno-21-26" href = "#__codelineno-21-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-27" name = "__codelineno-21-27" href = "#__codelineno-21-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-28" name = "__codelineno-21-28" href = "#__codelineno-21-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-29" name = "__codelineno-21-29" href = "#__codelineno-21-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-30" name = "__codelineno-21-30" href = "#__codelineno-21-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-22-1" name = "__codelineno-22-1" href = "#__codelineno-22-1" > < / a > < span class = "sd" > " " " 选取三个元素的中位数 " " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-2" name = "__codelineno-22-2" href = "#__codelineno-22-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > median_three< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-3" name = "__codelineno-22-3" href = "#__codelineno-22-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-4" name = "__codelineno-22-4" href = "#__codelineno-22-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-5" name = "__codelineno-22-5" href = "#__codelineno-22-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-6" name = "__codelineno-22-6" href = "#__codelineno-22-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-7" name = "__codelineno-22-7" href = "#__codelineno-22-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > elif< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-8" name = "__codelineno-22-8" href = "#__codelineno-22-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-9" name = "__codelineno-22-9" href = "#__codelineno-22-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-10" name = "__codelineno-22-10" href = "#__codelineno-22-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-11" name = "__codelineno-22-11" href = "#__codelineno-22-11" > < / a > < span class = "sd" > " " " 哨兵划分（三数取中值） " " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-12" name = "__codelineno-22-12" href = "#__codelineno-22-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-13" name = "__codelineno-22-13" href = "#__codelineno-22-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-14" name = "__codelineno-22-14" href = "#__codelineno-22-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > median_three< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > //< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-15" name = "__codelineno-22-15" href = "#__codelineno-22-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-16" name = "__codelineno-22-16" href = "#__codelineno-22-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-17" name = "__codelineno-22-17" href = "#__codelineno-22-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-18" name = "__codelineno-22-18" href = "#__codelineno-22-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-19" name = "__codelineno-22-19" href = "#__codelineno-22-19" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-20" name = "__codelineno-22-20" href = "#__codelineno-22-20" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "ow" > and< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-21" name = "__codelineno-22-21" href = "#__codelineno-22-21" > < / a > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-22" name = "__codelineno-22-22" href = "#__codelineno-22-22" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "ow" > and< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-23" name = "__codelineno-22-23" href = "#__codelineno-22-23" > < / a > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-24" name = "__codelineno-22-24" href = "#__codelineno-22-24" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素交换< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-25" name = "__codelineno-22-25" href = "#__codelineno-22-25" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-26" name = "__codelineno-22-26" href = "#__codelineno-22-26" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-27" name = "__codelineno-22-27" href = "#__codelineno-22-27" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-28" name = "__codelineno-22-28" href = "#__codelineno-22-28" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-23-1" name = "__codelineno-23-1" href = "#__codelineno-23-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-2" name = "__codelineno-23-2" href = "#__codelineno-23-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-3" name = "__codelineno-23-3" href = "#__codelineno-23-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-4" name = "__codelineno-23-4" href = "#__codelineno-23-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-5" name = "__codelineno-23-5" href = "#__codelineno-23-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-6" name = "__codelineno-23-6" href = "#__codelineno-23-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-7" name = "__codelineno-23-7" href = "#__codelineno-23-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-8" name = "__codelineno-23-8" href = "#__codelineno-23-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-9" name = "__codelineno-23-9" href = "#__codelineno-23-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-10" name = "__codelineno-23-10" href = "#__codelineno-23-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-11" name = "__codelineno-23-11" href = "#__codelineno-23-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值）*/< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-12" name = "__codelineno-23-12" href = "#__codelineno-23-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-13" name = "__codelineno-23-13" href = "#__codelineno-23-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-14" name = "__codelineno-23-14" href = "#__codelineno-23-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-15" name = "__codelineno-23-15" href = "#__codelineno-23-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-16" name = "__codelineno-23-16" href = "#__codelineno-23-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-17" name = "__codelineno-23-17" href = "#__codelineno-23-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-18" name = "__codelineno-23-18" href = "#__codelineno-23-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 下同省略...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-19" name = "__codelineno-23-19" href = "#__codelineno-23-19" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-24-1" name = "__codelineno-24-1" href = "#__codelineno-24-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
2023-02-08 16:47:58 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-24-2" name = "__codelineno-24-2" href = "#__codelineno-24-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-24-3" name = "__codelineno-24-3" href = "#__codelineno-24-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-4" name = "__codelineno-24-4" href = "#__codelineno-24-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
2023-02-08 16:47:58 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-24-5" name = "__codelineno-24-5" href = "#__codelineno-24-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-6" name = "__codelineno-24-6" href = "#__codelineno-24-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-7" name = "__codelineno-24-7" href = "#__codelineno-24-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-8" name = "__codelineno-24-8" href = "#__codelineno-24-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-9" name = "__codelineno-24-9" href = "#__codelineno-24-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-10" name = "__codelineno-24-10" href = "#__codelineno-24-10" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-11" name = "__codelineno-24-11" href = "#__codelineno-24-11" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-12" name = "__codelineno-24-12" href = "#__codelineno-24-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-13" name = "__codelineno-24-13" href = "#__codelineno-24-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Math< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > floor< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-14" name = "__codelineno-24-14" href = "#__codelineno-24-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-15" name = "__codelineno-24-15" href = "#__codelineno-24-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-16" name = "__codelineno-24-16" href = "#__codelineno-24-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-17" name = "__codelineno-24-17" href = "#__codelineno-24-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-18" name = "__codelineno-24-18" href = "#__codelineno-24-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-19" name = "__codelineno-24-19" href = "#__codelineno-24-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-20" name = "__codelineno-24-20" href = "#__codelineno-24-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-21" name = "__codelineno-24-21" href = "#__codelineno-24-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-22" name = "__codelineno-24-22" href = "#__codelineno-24-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-23" name = "__codelineno-24-23" href = "#__codelineno-24-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-24" name = "__codelineno-24-24" href = "#__codelineno-24-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-25" name = "__codelineno-24-25" href = "#__codelineno-24-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-25-1" name = "__codelineno-25-1" href = "#__codelineno-25-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-2" name = "__codelineno-25-2" href = "#__codelineno-25-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-3" name = "__codelineno-25-3" href = "#__codelineno-25-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-4" name = "__codelineno-25-4" href = "#__codelineno-25-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-5" name = "__codelineno-25-5" href = "#__codelineno-25-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > Number< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Number< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-6" name = "__codelineno-25-6" href = "#__codelineno-25-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-7" name = "__codelineno-25-7" href = "#__codelineno-25-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > Number< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Number< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-8" name = "__codelineno-25-8" href = "#__codelineno-25-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-9" name = "__codelineno-25-9" href = "#__codelineno-25-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-10" name = "__codelineno-25-10" href = "#__codelineno-25-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-11" name = "__codelineno-25-11" href = "#__codelineno-25-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-12" name = "__codelineno-25-12" href = "#__codelineno-25-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-13" name = "__codelineno-25-13" href = "#__codelineno-25-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-14" name = "__codelineno-25-14" href = "#__codelineno-25-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-15" name = "__codelineno-25-15" href = "#__codelineno-25-15" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-16" name = "__codelineno-25-16" href = "#__codelineno-25-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-17" name = "__codelineno-25-17" href = "#__codelineno-25-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Math< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > floor< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-18" name = "__codelineno-25-18" href = "#__codelineno-25-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-19" name = "__codelineno-25-19" href = "#__codelineno-25-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-20" name = "__codelineno-25-20" href = "#__codelineno-25-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-21" name = "__codelineno-25-21" href = "#__codelineno-25-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-22" name = "__codelineno-25-22" href = "#__codelineno-25-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-23" name = "__codelineno-25-23" href = "#__codelineno-25-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-24" name = "__codelineno-25-24" href = "#__codelineno-25-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-25" name = "__codelineno-25-25" href = "#__codelineno-25-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-26" name = "__codelineno-25-26" href = "#__codelineno-25-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-27" name = "__codelineno-25-27" href = "#__codelineno-25-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-28" name = "__codelineno-25-28" href = "#__codelineno-25-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-29" name = "__codelineno-25-29" href = "#__codelineno-25-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 交换这两个元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-30" name = "__codelineno-25-30" href = "#__codelineno-25-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-31" name = "__codelineno-25-31" href = "#__codelineno-25-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-32" name = "__codelineno-25-32" href = "#__codelineno-25-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回基准数的索引< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-33" name = "__codelineno-25-33" href = "#__codelineno-25-33" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-26-1" name = "__codelineno-26-1" href = "#__codelineno-26-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-27-1" name = "__codelineno-27-1" href = "#__codelineno-27-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-2" name = "__codelineno-27-2" href = "#__codelineno-27-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-3" name = "__codelineno-27-3" href = "#__codelineno-27-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-4" name = "__codelineno-27-4" href = "#__codelineno-27-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用了异或操作来简化代码< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-5" name = "__codelineno-27-5" href = "#__codelineno-27-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-6" name = "__codelineno-27-6" href = "#__codelineno-27-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-7" name = "__codelineno-27-7" href = "#__codelineno-27-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-8" name = "__codelineno-27-8" href = "#__codelineno-27-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ^< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ]))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-9" name = "__codelineno-27-9" href = "#__codelineno-27-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-10" name = "__codelineno-27-10" href = "#__codelineno-27-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-11" name = "__codelineno-27-11" href = "#__codelineno-27-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-12" name = "__codelineno-27-12" href = "#__codelineno-27-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-13" name = "__codelineno-27-13" href = "#__codelineno-27-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-14" name = "__codelineno-27-14" href = "#__codelineno-27-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-15" name = "__codelineno-27-15" href = "#__codelineno-27-15" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-16" name = "__codelineno-27-16" href = "#__codelineno-27-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-17" name = "__codelineno-27-17" href = "#__codelineno-27-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-18" name = "__codelineno-27-18" href = "#__codelineno-27-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-19" name = "__codelineno-27-19" href = "#__codelineno-27-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-20" name = "__codelineno-27-20" href = "#__codelineno-27-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-21" name = "__codelineno-27-21" href = "#__codelineno-27-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-22" name = "__codelineno-27-22" href = "#__codelineno-27-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 下同省略...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-23" name = "__codelineno-27-23" href = "#__codelineno-27-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-28-1" name = "__codelineno-28-1" href = "#__codelineno-28-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 选取三个元素的中位数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-2" name = "__codelineno-28-2" href = "#__codelineno-28-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-3" name = "__codelineno-28-3" href = "#__codelineno-28-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-4" name = "__codelineno-28-4" href = "#__codelineno-28-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-5" name = "__codelineno-28-5" href = "#__codelineno-28-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-6" name = "__codelineno-28-6" href = "#__codelineno-28-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-7" name = "__codelineno-28-7" href = "#__codelineno-28-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-8" name = "__codelineno-28-8" href = "#__codelineno-28-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-9" name = "__codelineno-28-9" href = "#__codelineno-28-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-10" name = "__codelineno-28-10" href = "#__codelineno-28-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-11" name = "__codelineno-28-11" href = "#__codelineno-28-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-12" name = "__codelineno-28-12" href = "#__codelineno-28-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-13" name = "__codelineno-28-13" href = "#__codelineno-28-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-14" name = "__codelineno-28-14" href = "#__codelineno-28-14" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 选取三个候选元素的中位数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-15" name = "__codelineno-28-15" href = "#__codelineno-28-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > medianThree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > mid< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-16" name = "__codelineno-28-16" href = "#__codelineno-28-16" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 将中位数交换至数组最左端< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-17" name = "__codelineno-28-17" href = "#__codelineno-28-17" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > swap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > med< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-18" name = "__codelineno-28-18" href = "#__codelineno-28-18" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 以 nums[left] 作为基准数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-19" name = "__codelineno-28-19" href = "#__codelineno-28-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 下同省略...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-20" name = "__codelineno-28-20" href = "#__codelineno-28-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-29-1" name = "__codelineno-29-1" href = "#__codelineno-29-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< h2 id = "1145" > 11.4.5. 尾递归优化< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1145" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 普通快速排序在某些输入下的空间效率变差< / strong > 。仍然以完全倒序的输入数组为例，由于每轮哨兵划分后右子数组长度为 0 ，那么将形成一个高度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n - 1\)< / span > 的递归树，此时使用的栈帧空间大小劣化至 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > 。< / p >
< p > 为了避免栈帧空间的累积，我们可以在每轮哨兵排序完成后，判断两个子数组的长度大小，仅递归排序较短的子数组。由于较短的子数组长度不会超过 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\frac{n}{2}\)< / span > ，因此这样做能保证递归深度不超过 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\log n\)< / span > ，即最差空间复杂度被优化至 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(\log n)\)< / span > 。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "5:10" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_5_1" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_2" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_3" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_4" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_5" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_6" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_7" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_8" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_9" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_10" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_5_1" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_3" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_4" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_5" > JavaScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_6" > TypeScript< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_7" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_8" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_9" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_10" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-30-1" name = "__codelineno-30-1" href = "#__codelineno-30-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-2" name = "__codelineno-30-2" href = "#__codelineno-30-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-3" name = "__codelineno-30-3" href = "#__codelineno-30-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-4" name = "__codelineno-30-4" href = "#__codelineno-30-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-5" name = "__codelineno-30-5" href = "#__codelineno-30-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-6" name = "__codelineno-30-6" href = "#__codelineno-30-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-7" name = "__codelineno-30-7" href = "#__codelineno-30-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-8" name = "__codelineno-30-8" href = "#__codelineno-30-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-9" name = "__codelineno-30-9" href = "#__codelineno-30-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-10" name = "__codelineno-30-10" href = "#__codelineno-30-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-11" name = "__codelineno-30-11" href = "#__codelineno-30-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-12" name = "__codelineno-30-12" href = "#__codelineno-30-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-13" name = "__codelineno-30-13" href = "#__codelineno-30-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-14" name = "__codelineno-30-14" href = "#__codelineno-30-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-15" name = "__codelineno-30-15" href = "#__codelineno-30-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-16" name = "__codelineno-30-16" href = "#__codelineno-30-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-31-1" name = "__codelineno-31-1" href = "#__codelineno-31-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-2" name = "__codelineno-31-2" href = "#__codelineno-31-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-3" name = "__codelineno-31-3" href = "#__codelineno-31-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-4" name = "__codelineno-31-4" href = "#__codelineno-31-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-5" name = "__codelineno-31-5" href = "#__codelineno-31-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-6" name = "__codelineno-31-6" href = "#__codelineno-31-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-7" name = "__codelineno-31-7" href = "#__codelineno-31-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-8" name = "__codelineno-31-8" href = "#__codelineno-31-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-9" name = "__codelineno-31-9" href = "#__codelineno-31-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-10" name = "__codelineno-31-10" href = "#__codelineno-31-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-11" name = "__codelineno-31-11" href = "#__codelineno-31-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-12" name = "__codelineno-31-12" href = "#__codelineno-31-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-13" name = "__codelineno-31-13" href = "#__codelineno-31-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-14" name = "__codelineno-31-14" href = "#__codelineno-31-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-15" name = "__codelineno-31-15" href = "#__codelineno-31-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-16" name = "__codelineno-31-16" href = "#__codelineno-31-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-32-1" name = "__codelineno-32-1" href = "#__codelineno-32-1" > < / a > < span class = "sd" > " " " 快速排序（尾递归优化） " " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-2" name = "__codelineno-32-2" href = "#__codelineno-32-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-3" name = "__codelineno-32-3" href = "#__codelineno-32-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-4" name = "__codelineno-32-4" href = "#__codelineno-32-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-5" name = "__codelineno-32-5" href = "#__codelineno-32-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-6" name = "__codelineno-32-6" href = "#__codelineno-32-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-7" name = "__codelineno-32-7" href = "#__codelineno-32-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-8" name = "__codelineno-32-8" href = "#__codelineno-32-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-9" name = "__codelineno-32-9" href = "#__codelineno-32-9" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-10" name = "__codelineno-32-10" href = "#__codelineno-32-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-11" name = "__codelineno-32-11" href = "#__codelineno-32-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-12" name = "__codelineno-32-12" href = "#__codelineno-32-12" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > quick_sort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-13" name = "__codelineno-32-13" href = "#__codelineno-32-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-33-1" name = "__codelineno-33-1" href = "#__codelineno-33-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化）*/< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-2" name = "__codelineno-33-2" href = "#__codelineno-33-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-3" name = "__codelineno-33-3" href = "#__codelineno-33-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-4" name = "__codelineno-33-4" href = "#__codelineno-33-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-5" name = "__codelineno-33-5" href = "#__codelineno-33-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-6" name = "__codelineno-33-6" href = "#__codelineno-33-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-7" name = "__codelineno-33-7" href = "#__codelineno-33-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-8" name = "__codelineno-33-8" href = "#__codelineno-33-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-9" name = "__codelineno-33-9" href = "#__codelineno-33-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-10" name = "__codelineno-33-10" href = "#__codelineno-33-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-11" name = "__codelineno-33-11" href = "#__codelineno-33-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-12" name = "__codelineno-33-12" href = "#__codelineno-33-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-13" name = "__codelineno-33-13" href = "#__codelineno-33-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-14" name = "__codelineno-33-14" href = "#__codelineno-33-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-15" name = "__codelineno-33-15" href = "#__codelineno-33-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-16" name = "__codelineno-33-16" href = "#__codelineno-33-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-34-1" name = "__codelineno-34-1" href = "#__codelineno-34-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-2" name = "__codelineno-34-2" href = "#__codelineno-34-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-34-3" name = "__codelineno-34-3" href = "#__codelineno-34-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-4" name = "__codelineno-34-4" href = "#__codelineno-34-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-5" name = "__codelineno-34-5" href = "#__codelineno-34-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-6" name = "__codelineno-34-6" href = "#__codelineno-34-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-34-7" name = "__codelineno-34-7" href = "#__codelineno-34-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-8" name = "__codelineno-34-8" href = "#__codelineno-34-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-9" name = "__codelineno-34-9" href = "#__codelineno-34-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-10" name = "__codelineno-34-10" href = "#__codelineno-34-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-11" name = "__codelineno-34-11" href = "#__codelineno-34-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-12" name = "__codelineno-34-12" href = "#__codelineno-34-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-34-13" name = "__codelineno-34-13" href = "#__codelineno-34-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-14" name = "__codelineno-34-14" href = "#__codelineno-34-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-15" name = "__codelineno-34-15" href = "#__codelineno-34-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-16" name = "__codelineno-34-16" href = "#__codelineno-34-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-35-1" name = "__codelineno-35-1" href = "#__codelineno-35-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-35-2" name = "__codelineno-35-2" href = "#__codelineno-35-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-35-3" name = "__codelineno-35-3" href = "#__codelineno-35-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-4" name = "__codelineno-35-4" href = "#__codelineno-35-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-5" name = "__codelineno-35-5" href = "#__codelineno-35-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-35-6" name = "__codelineno-35-6" href = "#__codelineno-35-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-35-7" name = "__codelineno-35-7" href = "#__codelineno-35-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-8" name = "__codelineno-35-8" href = "#__codelineno-35-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-02-08 16:47:58 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-35-9" name = "__codelineno-35-9" href = "#__codelineno-35-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-35-10" name = "__codelineno-35-10" href = "#__codelineno-35-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-11" name = "__codelineno-35-11" href = "#__codelineno-35-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-02-08 16:47:58 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-35-12" name = "__codelineno-35-12" href = "#__codelineno-35-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
2023-02-08 14:54:41 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-35-13" name = "__codelineno-35-13" href = "#__codelineno-35-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-14" name = "__codelineno-35-14" href = "#__codelineno-35-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-15" name = "__codelineno-35-15" href = "#__codelineno-35-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-16" name = "__codelineno-35-16" href = "#__codelineno-35-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-36-1" name = "__codelineno-36-1" href = "#__codelineno-36-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-37-1" name = "__codelineno-37-1" href = "#__codelineno-37-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-2" name = "__codelineno-37-2" href = "#__codelineno-37-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-3" name = "__codelineno-37-3" href = "#__codelineno-37-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-4" name = "__codelineno-37-4" href = "#__codelineno-37-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-5" name = "__codelineno-37-5" href = "#__codelineno-37-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-6" name = "__codelineno-37-6" href = "#__codelineno-37-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-7" name = "__codelineno-37-7" href = "#__codelineno-37-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-8" name = "__codelineno-37-8" href = "#__codelineno-37-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-9" name = "__codelineno-37-9" href = "#__codelineno-37-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-10" name = "__codelineno-37-10" href = "#__codelineno-37-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-11" name = "__codelineno-37-11" href = "#__codelineno-37-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-12" name = "__codelineno-37-12" href = "#__codelineno-37-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-13" name = "__codelineno-37-13" href = "#__codelineno-37-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-14" name = "__codelineno-37-14" href = "#__codelineno-37-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-15" name = "__codelineno-37-15" href = "#__codelineno-37-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-16" name = "__codelineno-37-16" href = "#__codelineno-37-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-17" name = "__codelineno-37-17" href = "#__codelineno-37-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-18" name = "__codelineno-37-18" href = "#__codelineno-37-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-19" name = "__codelineno-37-19" href = "#__codelineno-37-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-20" name = "__codelineno-37-20" href = "#__codelineno-37-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-21" name = "__codelineno-37-21" href = "#__codelineno-37-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-38-1" name = "__codelineno-38-1" href = "#__codelineno-38-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 快速排序（尾递归优化） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-2" name = "__codelineno-38-2" href = "#__codelineno-38-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-3" name = "__codelineno-38-3" href = "#__codelineno-38-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-4" name = "__codelineno-38-4" href = "#__codelineno-38-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-5" name = "__codelineno-38-5" href = "#__codelineno-38-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 子数组长度为 1 时终止< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-6" name = "__codelineno-38-6" href = "#__codelineno-38-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-7" name = "__codelineno-38-7" href = "#__codelineno-38-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 哨兵划分操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-8" name = "__codelineno-38-8" href = "#__codelineno-38-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > partition< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-9" name = "__codelineno-38-9" href = "#__codelineno-38-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-10" name = "__codelineno-38-10" href = "#__codelineno-38-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-11" name = "__codelineno-38-11" href = "#__codelineno-38-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序左子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-12" name = "__codelineno-38-12" href = "#__codelineno-38-12" > < / a > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-13" name = "__codelineno-38-13" href = "#__codelineno-38-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "k" > else< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-14" name = "__codelineno-38-14" href = "#__codelineno-38-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > quickSort< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 递归排序右子数组< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-15" name = "__codelineno-38-15" href = "#__codelineno-38-15" > < / a > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > pivot< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-16" name = "__codelineno-38-16" href = "#__codelineno-38-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-17" name = "__codelineno-38-17" href = "#__codelineno-38-17" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-18" name = "__codelineno-38-18" href = "#__codelineno-38-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > quick_sort.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-39-1" name = "__codelineno-39-1" href = "#__codelineno-39-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< h2 id = "__comments" > 评论< / h2 >
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