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< span > Welcome to contribute to Chinese-to-English translation! Please visit < a href = "https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/issues/914" > #914< / a > for more details.< / span >
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6.1 Hash table
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0.1 About this book
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0.2 How to read
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Chapter 1. Encounter with algorithms
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1.1 Algorithms are everywhere
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1.2 What is an algorithm
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Chapter 2. Complexity analysis
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2.1 Algorithm efficiency assessment
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2.3 Time complexity
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2.4 Space complexity
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Chapter 3. Data structures
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Chapter 3. Data structures
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3.1 Classification of data structures
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3.2 Basic data types
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3.3 Number encoding *
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3.4 Character encoding *
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Chapter 4. Array and linked list
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4.1 Array
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4.4 Memory and cache *
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Chapter 5. Stack and queue
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Chapter 5. Stack and queue
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5.1 Stack
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5.3 Double-ended queue
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Chapter 6. Hash table
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Chapter 6. Hash table
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6.1 Hash table
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6.1 Hash table
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6.1.1 Common operations of hash table
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6.1.2 Simple implementation of a hash table
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6.2 Hash collision
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6.3 Hash algorithm
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Chapter 7. Tree
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Chapter 7. Tree
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7.1 Binary tree
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7.2 Binary tree traversal
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7.3 Array Representation of tree
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7.4 Binary Search tree
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7.5 AVL tree *
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Chapter 8. Heap
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Chapter 8. Heap
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8.1 Heap
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8.2 Building a heap
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8.3 Top-k problem
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8.4 Summary
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Chapter 9. Graph
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Chapter 9. Graph
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9.1 Graph
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9.2 Basic graph operations
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9.3 Graph traversal
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9.4 Summary
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Chapter 10. Searching
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Chapter 10. Searching
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10.1 Binary search
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10.2 Binary search insertion
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10.3 Binary search boundaries
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10.4 Hashing optimization strategies
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10.5 Search algorithms revisited
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10.6 Summary
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Chapter 11. Sorting
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Chapter 11. Sorting
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11.1 Sorting algorithms
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11.2 Selection sort
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11.3 Bubble sort
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11.4 Insertion sort
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11.5 Quick sort
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11.6 Merge sort
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11.7 Heap sort
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11.8 Bucket sort
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11.9 Counting sort
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11.10 Radix sort
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11.11 Summary
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Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
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Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
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12.1 Divide and conquer algorithms
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12.2 Divide and conquer search strategy
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12.3 Building binary tree problem
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12.4 Tower of Hanoi Problem
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12.5 Summary
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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13.1 Backtracking algorithms
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13.2 Permutation problem
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13.3 Subset sum problem
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13.4 n queens problem
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13.5 Summary
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Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
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Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
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14.1 Introduction to dynamic programming
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14.2 Characteristics of DP problems
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14.3 DP problem-solving approach¶
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14.4 0-1 Knapsack problem
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14.5 Unbounded knapsack problem
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14.6 Edit distance problem
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14.7 Summary
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Chapter 15. Greedy
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Chapter 15. Greedy
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15.1 Greedy algorithms
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15.2 Fractional knapsack problem
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15.3 Maximum capacity problem
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15.4 Maximum product cutting problem
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15.5 Summary
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Chapter 16. Appendix
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16.1 Installation
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16.2 Contributing
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16.3 Terminology
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References
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References
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Table of contents
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6.1.1 Common operations of hash table
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6.1.2 Simple implementation of a hash table
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6.1.3 Hash collision and resizing
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< h1 id = "61-hash-table" > 6.1 Hash table< a class = "headerlink" href = "#61-hash-table" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
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< p > A < u > hash table< / u > , also known as a < u > hash map< / u > , is a data structure that establishes a mapping between keys and values, enabling efficient element retrieval. Specifically, when we input a < code > key< / code > into the hash table, we can retrieve the corresponding < code > value< / code > in < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > time complexity.< / p >
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< p > As shown in Figure 6-1, given < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > students, each student has two data fields: "Name" and "Student ID". If we want to implement a query function that takes a student ID as input and returns the corresponding name, we can use the hash table shown in Figure 6-1.< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../hash_map.assets/hash_table_lookup.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Abstract representation of a hash table" class = "animation-figure" src = "../hash_map.assets/hash_table_lookup.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 6-1 Abstract representation of a hash table < / p >
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< p > In addition to hash tables, arrays and linked lists can also be used to implement query functionality, but the time complexity is different. Their efficiency is compared in Table 6-1:< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < strong > Inserting an element< / strong > : Simply append the element to the tail of the array (or linked list). The time complexity of this operation is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > .< / li >
< li > < strong > Searching for an element< / strong > : As the array (or linked list) is unsorted, searching for an element requires traversing through all of the elements. The time complexity of this operation is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > .< / li >
< li > < strong > Deleting an element< / strong > : To remove an element, we first need to locate it. Then, we delete it from the array (or linked list). The time complexity of this operation is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > .< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p align = "center" > Table 6-1 Comparison of time efficiency for common operations < / p >
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< div class = "center-table" >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > < / th >
< th > Array< / th >
< th > Linked List< / th >
< th > Hash Table< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
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< td > Search Elements< / td >
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< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Insert Elements< / td >
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< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Delete Elements< / td >
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< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div >
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< p > As observed, < strong > the time complexity for operations (insertion, deletion, searching, and modification) in a hash table is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / strong > , which is highly efficient.< / p >
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< h2 id = "611-common-operations-of-hash-table" > 6.1.1 Common operations of hash table< a class = "headerlink" href = "#611-common-operations-of-hash-table" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Common operations of a hash table include: initialization, querying, adding key-value pairs, and deleting key-value pairs. Here is an example code:< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:13" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_10" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_11" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_12" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_13" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_13" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Initialize hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > dict< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Add operation< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Add key-value pair (key, value) to the hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Ha" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Luo" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Suan" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Fa" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Ya" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Query operation< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Delete operation< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-18" name = "__codelineno-0-18" href = "#__codelineno-0-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > unordered_map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > erase< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-17" name = "__codelineno-2-17" href = "#__codelineno-2-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-18" name = "__codelineno-2-18" href = "#__codelineno-2-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Dictionary< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > },< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > },< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > },< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > },< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map_test.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > delete< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > String< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [:]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeValue< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > forKey< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Map< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to the hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Ha' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-6" name = "__codelineno-6-6" href = "#__codelineno-6-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Luo' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-7" name = "__codelineno-6-7" href = "#__codelineno-6-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Suan' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-8" name = "__codelineno-6-8" href = "#__codelineno-6-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Fa' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-9" name = "__codelineno-6-9" href = "#__codelineno-6-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Ya' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-10" name = "__codelineno-6-10" href = "#__codelineno-6-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-11" name = "__codelineno-6-11" href = "#__codelineno-6-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-12" name = "__codelineno-6-12" href = "#__codelineno-6-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-13" name = "__codelineno-6-13" href = "#__codelineno-6-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-14" name = "__codelineno-6-14" href = "#__codelineno-6-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-15" name = "__codelineno-6-15" href = "#__codelineno-6-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-16" name = "__codelineno-6-16" href = "#__codelineno-6-16" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-17" name = "__codelineno-6-17" href = "#__codelineno-6-17" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "ow" > delete< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Ha' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Luo' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Suan' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Fa' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' Xiao Ya' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nAfter adding, the hash table is\nKey -> Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nInput student number 15937, query name ' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "ow" > delete< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nAfter deleting 10583, the hash table is\nKey -> Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {};< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Ha" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Luo" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Suan" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 13276< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Fa" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " Xiao Ya" < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > name< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > use< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > ::< span class = "n" > collections< / span > ::< span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-2" name = "__codelineno-9-2" href = "#__codelineno-9-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-3" name = "__codelineno-9-3" href = "#__codelineno-9-3" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Initialize hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-4" name = "__codelineno-9-4" href = "#__codelineno-9-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > : < span class = "nc" > HashMap< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-5" name = "__codelineno-9-5" href = "#__codelineno-9-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-6" name = "__codelineno-9-6" href = "#__codelineno-9-6" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-9-7" name = "__codelineno-9-7" href = "#__codelineno-9-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Add key-value pair (key, value) to hash table< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-9-8" name = "__codelineno-9-8" href = "#__codelineno-9-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 12836< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ha" < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-9" name = "__codelineno-9-9" href = "#__codelineno-9-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Luo" < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-10" name = "__codelineno-9-10" href = "#__codelineno-9-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 16750< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Suan" < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-11" name = "__codelineno-9-11" href = "#__codelineno-9-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 13279< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Fa" < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-12" name = "__codelineno-9-12" href = "#__codelineno-9-12" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " Xiao Ya" < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-13" name = "__codelineno-9-13" href = "#__codelineno-9-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-14" name = "__codelineno-9-14" href = "#__codelineno-9-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-15" name = "__codelineno-9-15" href = "#__codelineno-9-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Input key into hash table, get value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-16" name = "__codelineno-9-16" href = "#__codelineno-9-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _name< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < & < / span > < span class = "nb" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "mi" > 15937< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-17" name = "__codelineno-9-17" href = "#__codelineno-9-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-18" name = "__codelineno-9-18" href = "#__codelineno-9-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Delete operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-19" name = "__codelineno-9-19" href = "#__codelineno-9-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Delete key-value pair (key, value) from hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-20" name = "__codelineno-9-20" href = "#__codelineno-9-20" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _removed_value< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10583< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // C does not provide a built-in hash table< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > Code Visualization< / summary >
< p > < div style = "height: 549px; width: 100%;" > < iframe class = "pythontutor-iframe" src = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%20%3D%20%7B%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B12836%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B15937%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%B0%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B16750%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%97%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B13276%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B10583%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%AD%22%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%90%91%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E9%94%AE%20key%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%20value%0A%20%20%20%20name%20%3D%20hmap%5B15937%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap.pop%2810583%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=2&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" > < / iframe > < / div >
< div style = "margin-top: 5px;" > < a href = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%20%3D%20%7B%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B12836%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B15937%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%B0%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B16750%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%97%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B13276%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B10583%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%AD%22%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%90%91%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E9%94%AE%20key%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%20value%0A%20%20%20%20name%20%3D%20hmap%5B15937%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap.pop%2810583%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=2&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener noreferrer" > Full Screen > < / a > < / div > < / p >
< / details >
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< p > There are three common ways to traverse a hash table: traversing key-value pairs, traversing keys, and traversing values. Here is an example code:< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:13" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_4" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_5" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_6" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_7" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_8" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_9" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_10" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_11" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_12" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_13" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_13" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-13-1" name = "__codelineno-13-1" href = "#__codelineno-13-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Traverse hash table< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-2" name = "__codelineno-13-2" href = "#__codelineno-13-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Traverse key-value pairs key-> value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-3" name = "__codelineno-13-3" href = "#__codelineno-13-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > items< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-4" name = "__codelineno-13-4" href = "#__codelineno-13-4" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "s2" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-5" name = "__codelineno-13-5" href = "#__codelineno-13-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Traverse keys only< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-6" name = "__codelineno-13-6" href = "#__codelineno-13-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-7" name = "__codelineno-13-7" href = "#__codelineno-13-7" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-8" name = "__codelineno-13-8" href = "#__codelineno-13-8" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Traverse values only< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-9" name = "__codelineno-13-9" href = "#__codelineno-13-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-10" name = "__codelineno-13-10" href = "#__codelineno-13-10" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-14-1" name = "__codelineno-14-1" href = "#__codelineno-14-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-2" name = "__codelineno-14-2" href = "#__codelineno-14-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs key-> value< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-3" name = "__codelineno-14-3" href = "#__codelineno-14-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > auto< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-4" name = "__codelineno-14-4" href = "#__codelineno-14-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > cout< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > first< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > second< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > endl< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-5" name = "__codelineno-14-5" href = "#__codelineno-14-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-6" name = "__codelineno-14-6" href = "#__codelineno-14-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse using iterator key-> value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-7" name = "__codelineno-14-7" href = "#__codelineno-14-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > auto< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > iter< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > begin< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > iter< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > end< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > iter< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-8" name = "__codelineno-14-8" href = "#__codelineno-14-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > cout< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > iter< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > first< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > iter< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > second< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > endl< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-9" name = "__codelineno-14-9" href = "#__codelineno-14-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-15-1" name = "__codelineno-15-1" href = "#__codelineno-15-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-2" name = "__codelineno-15-2" href = "#__codelineno-15-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs key-> value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-3" name = "__codelineno-15-3" href = "#__codelineno-15-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > Entry< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > entrySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-4" name = "__codelineno-15-4" href = "#__codelineno-15-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > getKey< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > getValue< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-5" name = "__codelineno-15-5" href = "#__codelineno-15-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-6" name = "__codelineno-15-6" href = "#__codelineno-15-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-7" name = "__codelineno-15-7" href = "#__codelineno-15-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-8" name = "__codelineno-15-8" href = "#__codelineno-15-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-9" name = "__codelineno-15-9" href = "#__codelineno-15-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-10" name = "__codelineno-15-10" href = "#__codelineno-15-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-11" name = "__codelineno-15-11" href = "#__codelineno-15-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-12" name = "__codelineno-15-12" href = "#__codelineno-15-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-13" name = "__codelineno-15-13" href = "#__codelineno-15-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-16-1" name = "__codelineno-16-1" href = "#__codelineno-16-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-2" name = "__codelineno-16-2" href = "#__codelineno-16-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs Key-> Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-3" name = "__codelineno-16-3" href = "#__codelineno-16-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > foreach< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-4" name = "__codelineno-16-4" href = "#__codelineno-16-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > WriteLine< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Value< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-5" name = "__codelineno-16-5" href = "#__codelineno-16-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-6" name = "__codelineno-16-6" href = "#__codelineno-16-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-7" name = "__codelineno-16-7" href = "#__codelineno-16-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > foreach< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Keys< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-8" name = "__codelineno-16-8" href = "#__codelineno-16-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > WriteLine< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-9" name = "__codelineno-16-9" href = "#__codelineno-16-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-10" name = "__codelineno-16-10" href = "#__codelineno-16-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-11" name = "__codelineno-16-11" href = "#__codelineno-16-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > foreach< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Values< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-12" name = "__codelineno-16-12" href = "#__codelineno-16-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > WriteLine< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-13" name = "__codelineno-16-13" href = "#__codelineno-16-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map_test.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-17-1" name = "__codelineno-17-1" href = "#__codelineno-17-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-2" name = "__codelineno-17-2" href = "#__codelineno-17-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs key-> value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-3" name = "__codelineno-17-3" href = "#__codelineno-17-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > range< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-4" name = "__codelineno-17-4" href = "#__codelineno-17-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-17-5" name = "__codelineno-17-5" href = "#__codelineno-17-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-6" name = "__codelineno-17-6" href = "#__codelineno-17-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-17-7" name = "__codelineno-17-7" href = "#__codelineno-17-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > range< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-8" name = "__codelineno-17-8" href = "#__codelineno-17-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-17-9" name = "__codelineno-17-9" href = "#__codelineno-17-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-10" name = "__codelineno-17-10" href = "#__codelineno-17-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-17-11" name = "__codelineno-17-11" href = "#__codelineno-17-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > range< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > hmap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-12" name = "__codelineno-17-12" href = "#__codelineno-17-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-17-13" name = "__codelineno-17-13" href = "#__codelineno-17-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-18-1" name = "__codelineno-18-1" href = "#__codelineno-18-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-2" name = "__codelineno-18-2" href = "#__codelineno-18-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs Key-> Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-3" name = "__codelineno-18-3" href = "#__codelineno-18-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-4" name = "__codelineno-18-4" href = "#__codelineno-18-4" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > -> < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-18-5" name = "__codelineno-18-5" href = "#__codelineno-18-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-18-6" name = "__codelineno-18-6" href = "#__codelineno-18-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-7" name = "__codelineno-18-7" href = "#__codelineno-18-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-8" name = "__codelineno-18-8" href = "#__codelineno-18-8" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-18-9" name = "__codelineno-18-9" href = "#__codelineno-18-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-18-10" name = "__codelineno-18-10" href = "#__codelineno-18-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-11" name = "__codelineno-18-11" href = "#__codelineno-18-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-12" name = "__codelineno-18-12" href = "#__codelineno-18-12" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-18-13" name = "__codelineno-18-13" href = "#__codelineno-18-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-19-1" name = "__codelineno-19-1" href = "#__codelineno-19-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-19-2" name = "__codelineno-19-2" href = "#__codelineno-19-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse key-value pairs Key-> Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-3" name = "__codelineno-19-3" href = "#__codelineno-19-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > entries< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-4" name = "__codelineno-19-4" href = "#__codelineno-19-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' -> ' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-5" name = "__codelineno-19-5" href = "#__codelineno-19-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-6" name = "__codelineno-19-6" href = "#__codelineno-19-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse keys only Key' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-7" name = "__codelineno-19-7" href = "#__codelineno-19-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-8" name = "__codelineno-19-8" href = "#__codelineno-19-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-9" name = "__codelineno-19-9" href = "#__codelineno-19-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-10" name = "__codelineno-19-10" href = "#__codelineno-19-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse values only Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-11" name = "__codelineno-19-11" href = "#__codelineno-19-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-12" name = "__codelineno-19-12" href = "#__codelineno-19-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-13" name = "__codelineno-19-13" href = "#__codelineno-19-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-20-1" name = "__codelineno-20-1" href = "#__codelineno-20-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-2" name = "__codelineno-20-2" href = "#__codelineno-20-2" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse key-value pairs Key-> Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-3" name = "__codelineno-20-3" href = "#__codelineno-20-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > entries< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-4" name = "__codelineno-20-4" href = "#__codelineno-20-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' -> ' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-5" name = "__codelineno-20-5" href = "#__codelineno-20-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-6" name = "__codelineno-20-6" href = "#__codelineno-20-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse keys only Key' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-7" name = "__codelineno-20-7" href = "#__codelineno-20-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-8" name = "__codelineno-20-8" href = "#__codelineno-20-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > k< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-9" name = "__codelineno-20-9" href = "#__codelineno-20-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-10" name = "__codelineno-20-10" href = "#__codelineno-20-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' \nTraverse values only Value' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-11" name = "__codelineno-20-11" href = "#__codelineno-20-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-12" name = "__codelineno-20-12" href = "#__codelineno-20-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > info< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-13" name = "__codelineno-20-13" href = "#__codelineno-20-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-21-1" name = "__codelineno-21-1" href = "#__codelineno-21-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-21-2" name = "__codelineno-21-2" href = "#__codelineno-21-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs Key-> Value< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-21-3" name = "__codelineno-21-3" href = "#__codelineno-21-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-4" name = "__codelineno-21-4" href = "#__codelineno-21-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' < / span > < span class = "si" > $< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "s1" > -> < / span > < span class = "si" > $< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-5" name = "__codelineno-21-5" href = "#__codelineno-21-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-21-6" name = "__codelineno-21-6" href = "#__codelineno-21-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-7" name = "__codelineno-21-7" href = "#__codelineno-21-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only Key< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-21-8" name = "__codelineno-21-8" href = "#__codelineno-21-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-9" name = "__codelineno-21-9" href = "#__codelineno-21-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-10" name = "__codelineno-21-10" href = "#__codelineno-21-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-21-11" name = "__codelineno-21-11" href = "#__codelineno-21-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-12" name = "__codelineno-21-12" href = "#__codelineno-21-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only Value< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-21-13" name = "__codelineno-21-13" href = "#__codelineno-21-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-14" name = "__codelineno-21-14" href = "#__codelineno-21-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-15" name = "__codelineno-21-15" href = "#__codelineno-21-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-22-1" name = "__codelineno-22-1" href = "#__codelineno-22-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Traverse hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-2" name = "__codelineno-22-2" href = "#__codelineno-22-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse key-value pairs Key-> Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-3" name = "__codelineno-22-3" href = "#__codelineno-22-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-4" name = "__codelineno-22-4" href = "#__codelineno-22-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > println!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " {key} -> {value}" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-5" name = "__codelineno-22-5" href = "#__codelineno-22-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-6" name = "__codelineno-22-6" href = "#__codelineno-22-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-7" name = "__codelineno-22-7" href = "#__codelineno-22-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse keys only Key< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-8" name = "__codelineno-22-8" href = "#__codelineno-22-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > keys< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-9" name = "__codelineno-22-9" href = "#__codelineno-22-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > println!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " {key}" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-10" name = "__codelineno-22-10" href = "#__codelineno-22-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-11" name = "__codelineno-22-11" href = "#__codelineno-22-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-12" name = "__codelineno-22-12" href = "#__codelineno-22-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Traverse values only Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-13" name = "__codelineno-22-13" href = "#__codelineno-22-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > value< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > values< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-14" name = "__codelineno-22-14" href = "#__codelineno-22-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > println!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " {value}" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-15" name = "__codelineno-22-15" href = "#__codelineno-22-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-23-1" name = "__codelineno-23-1" href = "#__codelineno-23-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // C does not provide a built-in hash table< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-24-1" name = "__codelineno-24-1" href = "#__codelineno-24-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > hash_map.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-25-1" name = "__codelineno-25-1" href = "#__codelineno-25-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Zig example is not provided< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > Code Visualization< / summary >
< p > < div style = "height: 549px; width: 100%;" > < iframe class = "pythontutor-iframe" src = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%20%3D%20%7B%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B12836%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B15937%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%B0%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B16750%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%97%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B13276%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B10583%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%AD%22%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20key-%3Evalue%0A%20%20%20%20for%20key,%20value%20in%20hmap.items%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28key,%20%22-%3E%22,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8D%95%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E9%94%AE%20key%0A%20%20%20%20for%20key%20in%20hmap.keys%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8D%95%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E5%80%BC%20value%0A%20%20%20%20for%20value%20in%20hmap.values%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28value%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" > < / iframe > < / div >
< div style = "margin-top: 5px;" > < a href = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%20%3D%20%7B%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20%28key,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B12836%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B15937%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%B0%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B16750%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%97%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B13276%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hmap%5B10583%5D%20%3D%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%AD%22%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E8%A1%A8%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E9%94%AE%E5%80%BC%E5%AF%B9%20key-%3Evalue%0A%20%20%20%20for%20key,%20value%20in%20hmap.items%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28key,%20%22-%3E%22,%20value%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8D%95%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E9%94%AE%20key%0A%20%20%20%20for%20key%20in%20hmap.keys%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8D%95%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E5%80%BC%20value%0A%20%20%20%20for%20value%20in%20hmap.values%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28value%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener noreferrer" > Full Screen > < / a > < / div > < / p >
< / details >
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< h2 id = "612-simple-implementation-of-a-hash-table" > 6.1.2 Simple implementation of a hash table< a class = "headerlink" href = "#612-simple-implementation-of-a-hash-table" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > First, let's consider the simplest case: < strong > implementing a hash table using only one array< / strong > . In the hash table, each empty slot in the array is called a < u > bucket< / u > , and each bucket can store a key-value pair. Therefore, the query operation involves finding the bucket corresponding to the < code > key< / code > and retrieving the < code > value< / code > from it.< / p >
< p > So, how do we locate the corresponding bucket based on the < code > key< / code > ? This is achieved through a < u > hash function< / u > . The role of the hash function is to map a larger input space to a smaller output space. In a hash table, the input space consists of all the keys, and the output space consists of all the buckets (array indices). In other words, given a < code > key< / code > , < strong > we can use the hash function to determine the storage location of the corresponding key-value pair in the array< / strong > .< / p >
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< p > With a given < code > key< / code > , the calculation of the hash function consists of two steps:< / p >
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< ol >
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< li > Calculate the hash value by using a certain hash algorithm < code > hash()< / code > .< / li >
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< li > Take the modulus of the hash value with the bucket count (array length) < code > capacity< / code > to obtain the array < code > index< / code > corresponding to the key.< / li >
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< / ol >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-26-1" name = "__codelineno-26-1" href = "#__codelineno-26-1" > < / a > < span class = "nv" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > hash< span class = "o" > (< / span > key< span class = "o" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > %< span class = "w" > < / span > capacity
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > Afterward, we can use the < code > index< / code > to access the corresponding bucket in the hash table and thereby retrieve the < code > value< / code > .< / p >
< p > Let's assume that the array length is < code > capacity = 100< / code > , and the hash algorithm is defined as < code > hash(key) = key< / code > . Therefore, the hash function can be expressed as < code > key % 100< / code > . The following figure illustrates the working principle of the hash function using < code > key< / code > as student ID and < code > value< / code > as name.< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../hash_map.assets/hash_function.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Working principle of hash function" class = "animation-figure" src = "../hash_map.assets/hash_function.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 6-2 Working principle of hash function < / p >
< p > The following code implements a simple hash table. Here, we encapsulate < code > key< / code > and < code > value< / code > into a class < code > Pair< / code > to represent the key-value pair.< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "3:14" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_3_1" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_2" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_3" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_4" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_5" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_6" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_7" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_8" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_9" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_10" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_11" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_12" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_13" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_14" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_3_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_13" > Ruby< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_14" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-27-1" name = "__codelineno-27-1" href = "#__codelineno-27-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-2" name = "__codelineno-27-2" href = "#__codelineno-27-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Key-value pair" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-3" name = "__codelineno-27-3" href = "#__codelineno-27-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-4" name = "__codelineno-27-4" href = "#__codelineno-27-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "fm" > __init__< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-5" name = "__codelineno-27-5" href = "#__codelineno-27-5" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-6" name = "__codelineno-27-6" href = "#__codelineno-27-6" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-7" name = "__codelineno-27-7" href = "#__codelineno-27-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-8" name = "__codelineno-27-8" href = "#__codelineno-27-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-9" name = "__codelineno-27-9" href = "#__codelineno-27-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Hash table based on array implementation" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-10" name = "__codelineno-27-10" href = "#__codelineno-27-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-11" name = "__codelineno-27-11" href = "#__codelineno-27-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "fm" > __init__< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-12" name = "__codelineno-27-12" href = "#__codelineno-27-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Constructor" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-13" name = "__codelineno-27-13" href = "#__codelineno-27-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Initialize an array, containing 100 buckets< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-14" name = "__codelineno-27-14" href = "#__codelineno-27-14" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-15" name = "__codelineno-27-15" href = "#__codelineno-27-15" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-16" name = "__codelineno-27-16" href = "#__codelineno-27-16" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > hash_func< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-17" name = "__codelineno-27-17" href = "#__codelineno-27-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Hash function" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-18" name = "__codelineno-27-18" href = "#__codelineno-27-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "o" > %< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-19" name = "__codelineno-27-19" href = "#__codelineno-27-19" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-20" name = "__codelineno-27-20" href = "#__codelineno-27-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-21" name = "__codelineno-27-21" href = "#__codelineno-27-21" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-22" name = "__codelineno-27-22" href = "#__codelineno-27-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Query operation" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-23" name = "__codelineno-27-23" href = "#__codelineno-27-23" > < / a > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > hash_func< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-24" name = "__codelineno-27-24" href = "#__codelineno-27-24" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-25" name = "__codelineno-27-25" href = "#__codelineno-27-25" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > is< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-26" name = "__codelineno-27-26" href = "#__codelineno-27-26" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-27" name = "__codelineno-27-27" href = "#__codelineno-27-27" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-28" name = "__codelineno-27-28" href = "#__codelineno-27-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-29" name = "__codelineno-27-29" href = "#__codelineno-27-29" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-30" name = "__codelineno-27-30" href = "#__codelineno-27-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Add operation" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-27-31" name = "__codelineno-27-31" href = "#__codelineno-27-31" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-32" name = "__codelineno-27-32" href = "#__codelineno-27-32" > < / a > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > hash_func< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-33" name = "__codelineno-27-33" href = "#__codelineno-27-33" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-34" name = "__codelineno-27-34" href = "#__codelineno-27-34" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-35" name = "__codelineno-27-35" href = "#__codelineno-27-35" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-36" name = "__codelineno-27-36" href = "#__codelineno-27-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Remove operation" " " < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-37" name = "__codelineno-27-37" href = "#__codelineno-27-37" > < / a > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > hash_func< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-38" name = "__codelineno-27-38" href = "#__codelineno-27-38" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Set to None, representing removal< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-39" name = "__codelineno-27-39" href = "#__codelineno-27-39" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-40" name = "__codelineno-27-40" href = "#__codelineno-27-40" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-41" name = "__codelineno-27-41" href = "#__codelineno-27-41" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > entry_set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-42" name = "__codelineno-27-42" href = "#__codelineno-27-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Get all key-value pairs" " " < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-43" name = "__codelineno-27-43" href = "#__codelineno-27-43" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-44" name = "__codelineno-27-44" href = "#__codelineno-27-44" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-45" name = "__codelineno-27-45" href = "#__codelineno-27-45" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > is< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-46" name = "__codelineno-27-46" href = "#__codelineno-27-46" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-47" name = "__codelineno-27-47" href = "#__codelineno-27-47" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > result< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-48" name = "__codelineno-27-48" href = "#__codelineno-27-48" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-49" name = "__codelineno-27-49" href = "#__codelineno-27-49" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > key_set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-50" name = "__codelineno-27-50" href = "#__codelineno-27-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Get all keys" " " < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-51" name = "__codelineno-27-51" href = "#__codelineno-27-51" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-52" name = "__codelineno-27-52" href = "#__codelineno-27-52" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-53" name = "__codelineno-27-53" href = "#__codelineno-27-53" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > is< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-54" name = "__codelineno-27-54" href = "#__codelineno-27-54" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-55" name = "__codelineno-27-55" href = "#__codelineno-27-55" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > result< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-56" name = "__codelineno-27-56" href = "#__codelineno-27-56" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-57" name = "__codelineno-27-57" href = "#__codelineno-27-57" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > value_set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-58" name = "__codelineno-27-58" href = "#__codelineno-27-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Get all values" " " < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-59" name = "__codelineno-27-59" href = "#__codelineno-27-59" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-60" name = "__codelineno-27-60" href = "#__codelineno-27-60" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-61" name = "__codelineno-27-61" href = "#__codelineno-27-61" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > is< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-62" name = "__codelineno-27-62" href = "#__codelineno-27-62" > < / a > < span class = "n" > result< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-63" name = "__codelineno-27-63" href = "#__codelineno-27-63" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > result< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-64" name = "__codelineno-27-64" href = "#__codelineno-27-64" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-65" name = "__codelineno-27-65" href = "#__codelineno-27-65" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
2024-05-06 05:27:15 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-66" name = "__codelineno-27-66" href = "#__codelineno-27-66" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Print hash table" " " < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-27-67" name = "__codelineno-27-67" href = "#__codelineno-27-67" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-68" name = "__codelineno-27-68" href = "#__codelineno-27-68" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "ow" > is< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-69" name = "__codelineno-27-69" href = "#__codelineno-27-69" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "s2" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-05-06 14:40:42 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-28-1" name = "__codelineno-28-1" href = "#__codelineno-28-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Key-value pair */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-2" name = "__codelineno-28-2" href = "#__codelineno-28-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-3" name = "__codelineno-28-3" href = "#__codelineno-28-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-4" name = "__codelineno-28-4" href = "#__codelineno-28-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-5" name = "__codelineno-28-5" href = "#__codelineno-28-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-6" name = "__codelineno-28-6" href = "#__codelineno-28-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-7" name = "__codelineno-28-7" href = "#__codelineno-28-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-8" name = "__codelineno-28-8" href = "#__codelineno-28-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-9" name = "__codelineno-28-9" href = "#__codelineno-28-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-10" name = "__codelineno-28-10" href = "#__codelineno-28-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-11" name = "__codelineno-28-11" href = "#__codelineno-28-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-12" name = "__codelineno-28-12" href = "#__codelineno-28-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Hash table based on array implementation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-13" name = "__codelineno-28-13" href = "#__codelineno-28-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-14" name = "__codelineno-28-14" href = "#__codelineno-28-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-15" name = "__codelineno-28-15" href = "#__codelineno-28-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-16" name = "__codelineno-28-16" href = "#__codelineno-28-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-17" name = "__codelineno-28-17" href = "#__codelineno-28-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-18" name = "__codelineno-28-18" href = "#__codelineno-28-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-19" name = "__codelineno-28-19" href = "#__codelineno-28-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Initialize an array, containing 100 buckets< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-20" name = "__codelineno-28-20" href = "#__codelineno-28-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *> < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-21" name = "__codelineno-28-21" href = "#__codelineno-28-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-22" name = "__codelineno-28-22" href = "#__codelineno-28-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-23" name = "__codelineno-28-23" href = "#__codelineno-28-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ~< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-24" name = "__codelineno-28-24" href = "#__codelineno-28-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Free memory< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-25" name = "__codelineno-28-25" href = "#__codelineno-28-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > auto< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > bucket< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-26" name = "__codelineno-28-26" href = "#__codelineno-28-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > delete< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > bucket< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-27" name = "__codelineno-28-27" href = "#__codelineno-28-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-28" name = "__codelineno-28-28" href = "#__codelineno-28-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > clear< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-29" name = "__codelineno-28-29" href = "#__codelineno-28-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-30" name = "__codelineno-28-30" href = "#__codelineno-28-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-31" name = "__codelineno-28-31" href = "#__codelineno-28-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Hash function */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-32" name = "__codelineno-28-32" href = "#__codelineno-28-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-33" name = "__codelineno-28-33" href = "#__codelineno-28-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > %< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-34" name = "__codelineno-28-34" href = "#__codelineno-28-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-35" name = "__codelineno-28-35" href = "#__codelineno-28-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-36" name = "__codelineno-28-36" href = "#__codelineno-28-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-37" name = "__codelineno-28-37" href = "#__codelineno-28-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-38" name = "__codelineno-28-38" href = "#__codelineno-28-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-39" name = "__codelineno-28-39" href = "#__codelineno-28-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-40" name = "__codelineno-28-40" href = "#__codelineno-28-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-41" name = "__codelineno-28-41" href = "#__codelineno-28-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-42" name = "__codelineno-28-42" href = "#__codelineno-28-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " " < / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-43" name = "__codelineno-28-43" href = "#__codelineno-28-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-44" name = "__codelineno-28-44" href = "#__codelineno-28-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-45" name = "__codelineno-28-45" href = "#__codelineno-28-45" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-46" name = "__codelineno-28-46" href = "#__codelineno-28-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-47" name = "__codelineno-28-47" href = "#__codelineno-28-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-48" name = "__codelineno-28-48" href = "#__codelineno-28-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-49" name = "__codelineno-28-49" href = "#__codelineno-28-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-50" name = "__codelineno-28-50" href = "#__codelineno-28-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-51" name = "__codelineno-28-51" href = "#__codelineno-28-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-52" name = "__codelineno-28-52" href = "#__codelineno-28-52" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-53" name = "__codelineno-28-53" href = "#__codelineno-28-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Remove operation */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-54" name = "__codelineno-28-54" href = "#__codelineno-28-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-55" name = "__codelineno-28-55" href = "#__codelineno-28-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-56" name = "__codelineno-28-56" href = "#__codelineno-28-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Free memory and set to nullptr< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-57" name = "__codelineno-28-57" href = "#__codelineno-28-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > delete< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-58" name = "__codelineno-28-58" href = "#__codelineno-28-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-59" name = "__codelineno-28-59" href = "#__codelineno-28-59" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-60" name = "__codelineno-28-60" href = "#__codelineno-28-60" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-61" name = "__codelineno-28-61" href = "#__codelineno-28-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all key-value pairs */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-62" name = "__codelineno-28-62" href = "#__codelineno-28-62" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-63" name = "__codelineno-28-63" href = "#__codelineno-28-63" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-64" name = "__codelineno-28-64" href = "#__codelineno-28-64" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-65" name = "__codelineno-28-65" href = "#__codelineno-28-65" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-66" name = "__codelineno-28-66" href = "#__codelineno-28-66" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-67" name = "__codelineno-28-67" href = "#__codelineno-28-67" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-68" name = "__codelineno-28-68" href = "#__codelineno-28-68" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-69" name = "__codelineno-28-69" href = "#__codelineno-28-69" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-70" name = "__codelineno-28-70" href = "#__codelineno-28-70" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-71" name = "__codelineno-28-71" href = "#__codelineno-28-71" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-72" name = "__codelineno-28-72" href = "#__codelineno-28-72" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all keys */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-73" name = "__codelineno-28-73" href = "#__codelineno-28-73" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-74" name = "__codelineno-28-74" href = "#__codelineno-28-74" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-75" name = "__codelineno-28-75" href = "#__codelineno-28-75" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-76" name = "__codelineno-28-76" href = "#__codelineno-28-76" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-77" name = "__codelineno-28-77" href = "#__codelineno-28-77" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-78" name = "__codelineno-28-78" href = "#__codelineno-28-78" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-79" name = "__codelineno-28-79" href = "#__codelineno-28-79" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-80" name = "__codelineno-28-80" href = "#__codelineno-28-80" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-81" name = "__codelineno-28-81" href = "#__codelineno-28-81" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-82" name = "__codelineno-28-82" href = "#__codelineno-28-82" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-83" name = "__codelineno-28-83" href = "#__codelineno-28-83" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all values */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-84" name = "__codelineno-28-84" href = "#__codelineno-28-84" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-85" name = "__codelineno-28-85" href = "#__codelineno-28-85" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-86" name = "__codelineno-28-86" href = "#__codelineno-28-86" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-87" name = "__codelineno-28-87" href = "#__codelineno-28-87" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-88" name = "__codelineno-28-88" href = "#__codelineno-28-88" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-89" name = "__codelineno-28-89" href = "#__codelineno-28-89" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-90" name = "__codelineno-28-90" href = "#__codelineno-28-90" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-91" name = "__codelineno-28-91" href = "#__codelineno-28-91" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-92" name = "__codelineno-28-92" href = "#__codelineno-28-92" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-93" name = "__codelineno-28-93" href = "#__codelineno-28-93" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-94" name = "__codelineno-28-94" href = "#__codelineno-28-94" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Print hash table */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-95" name = "__codelineno-28-95" href = "#__codelineno-28-95" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-96" name = "__codelineno-28-96" href = "#__codelineno-28-96" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-97" name = "__codelineno-28-97" href = "#__codelineno-28-97" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > cout< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > endl< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-98" name = "__codelineno-28-98" href = "#__codelineno-28-98" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-99" name = "__codelineno-28-99" href = "#__codelineno-28-99" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-100" name = "__codelineno-28-100" href = "#__codelineno-28-100" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-29-1" name = "__codelineno-29-1" href = "#__codelineno-29-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Key-value pair */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-2" name = "__codelineno-29-2" href = "#__codelineno-29-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-3" name = "__codelineno-29-3" href = "#__codelineno-29-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-4" name = "__codelineno-29-4" href = "#__codelineno-29-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-5" name = "__codelineno-29-5" href = "#__codelineno-29-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-6" name = "__codelineno-29-6" href = "#__codelineno-29-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-7" name = "__codelineno-29-7" href = "#__codelineno-29-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-8" name = "__codelineno-29-8" href = "#__codelineno-29-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-9" name = "__codelineno-29-9" href = "#__codelineno-29-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-10" name = "__codelineno-29-10" href = "#__codelineno-29-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-11" name = "__codelineno-29-11" href = "#__codelineno-29-11" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-12" name = "__codelineno-29-12" href = "#__codelineno-29-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Hash table based on array implementation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-13" name = "__codelineno-29-13" href = "#__codelineno-29-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-14" name = "__codelineno-29-14" href = "#__codelineno-29-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-15" name = "__codelineno-29-15" href = "#__codelineno-29-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-16" name = "__codelineno-29-16" href = "#__codelineno-29-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-17" name = "__codelineno-29-17" href = "#__codelineno-29-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Initialize an array, containing 100 buckets< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-18" name = "__codelineno-29-18" href = "#__codelineno-29-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-19" name = "__codelineno-29-19" href = "#__codelineno-29-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-20" name = "__codelineno-29-20" href = "#__codelineno-29-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-21" name = "__codelineno-29-21" href = "#__codelineno-29-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-22" name = "__codelineno-29-22" href = "#__codelineno-29-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-23" name = "__codelineno-29-23" href = "#__codelineno-29-23" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-24" name = "__codelineno-29-24" href = "#__codelineno-29-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Hash function */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-25" name = "__codelineno-29-25" href = "#__codelineno-29-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-26" name = "__codelineno-29-26" href = "#__codelineno-29-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > %< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 100< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-27" name = "__codelineno-29-27" href = "#__codelineno-29-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-28" name = "__codelineno-29-28" href = "#__codelineno-29-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-29" name = "__codelineno-29-29" href = "#__codelineno-29-29" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-30" name = "__codelineno-29-30" href = "#__codelineno-29-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Query operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-31" name = "__codelineno-29-31" href = "#__codelineno-29-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-32" name = "__codelineno-29-32" href = "#__codelineno-29-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-33" name = "__codelineno-29-33" href = "#__codelineno-29-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-34" name = "__codelineno-29-34" href = "#__codelineno-29-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-35" name = "__codelineno-29-35" href = "#__codelineno-29-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-36" name = "__codelineno-29-36" href = "#__codelineno-29-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-37" name = "__codelineno-29-37" href = "#__codelineno-29-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-38" name = "__codelineno-29-38" href = "#__codelineno-29-38" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-39" name = "__codelineno-29-39" href = "#__codelineno-29-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Add operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-40" name = "__codelineno-29-40" href = "#__codelineno-29-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-41" name = "__codelineno-29-41" href = "#__codelineno-29-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-42" name = "__codelineno-29-42" href = "#__codelineno-29-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-43" name = "__codelineno-29-43" href = "#__codelineno-29-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-44" name = "__codelineno-29-44" href = "#__codelineno-29-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-45" name = "__codelineno-29-45" href = "#__codelineno-29-45" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-46" name = "__codelineno-29-46" href = "#__codelineno-29-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Remove operation */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-47" name = "__codelineno-29-47" href = "#__codelineno-29-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-48" name = "__codelineno-29-48" href = "#__codelineno-29-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hashFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-49" name = "__codelineno-29-49" href = "#__codelineno-29-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Set to null, indicating removal< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-50" name = "__codelineno-29-50" href = "#__codelineno-29-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > index< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-51" name = "__codelineno-29-51" href = "#__codelineno-29-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-52" name = "__codelineno-29-52" href = "#__codelineno-29-52" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-53" name = "__codelineno-29-53" href = "#__codelineno-29-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all key-value pairs */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-54" name = "__codelineno-29-54" href = "#__codelineno-29-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-55" name = "__codelineno-29-55" href = "#__codelineno-29-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-56" name = "__codelineno-29-56" href = "#__codelineno-29-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-57" name = "__codelineno-29-57" href = "#__codelineno-29-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-58" name = "__codelineno-29-58" href = "#__codelineno-29-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-59" name = "__codelineno-29-59" href = "#__codelineno-29-59" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-60" name = "__codelineno-29-60" href = "#__codelineno-29-60" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-61" name = "__codelineno-29-61" href = "#__codelineno-29-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-62" name = "__codelineno-29-62" href = "#__codelineno-29-62" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-63" name = "__codelineno-29-63" href = "#__codelineno-29-63" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all keys */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-64" name = "__codelineno-29-64" href = "#__codelineno-29-64" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-65" name = "__codelineno-29-65" href = "#__codelineno-29-65" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-66" name = "__codelineno-29-66" href = "#__codelineno-29-66" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-67" name = "__codelineno-29-67" href = "#__codelineno-29-67" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-68" name = "__codelineno-29-68" href = "#__codelineno-29-68" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-69" name = "__codelineno-29-69" href = "#__codelineno-29-69" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-70" name = "__codelineno-29-70" href = "#__codelineno-29-70" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > keySet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-71" name = "__codelineno-29-71" href = "#__codelineno-29-71" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-72" name = "__codelineno-29-72" href = "#__codelineno-29-72" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-73" name = "__codelineno-29-73" href = "#__codelineno-29-73" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Get all values */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-74" name = "__codelineno-29-74" href = "#__codelineno-29-74" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-75" name = "__codelineno-29-75" href = "#__codelineno-29-75" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-76" name = "__codelineno-29-76" href = "#__codelineno-29-76" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buckets< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-77" name = "__codelineno-29-77" href = "#__codelineno-29-77" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-78" name = "__codelineno-29-78" href = "#__codelineno-29-78" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-79" name = "__codelineno-29-79" href = "#__codelineno-29-79" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-80" name = "__codelineno-29-80" href = "#__codelineno-29-80" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > valueSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-81" name = "__codelineno-29-81" href = "#__codelineno-29-81" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-82" name = "__codelineno-29-82" href = "#__codelineno-29-82" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-83" name = "__codelineno-29-83" href = "#__codelineno-29-83" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* Print hash table */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-84" name = "__codelineno-29-84" href = "#__codelineno-29-84" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-85" name = "__codelineno-29-85" href = "#__codelineno-29-85" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pairSet< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-86" name = "__codelineno-29-86" href = "#__codelineno-29-86" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " -> " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > kv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-29-87" name = "__codelineno-29-87" href = "#__codelineno-29-87" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-88" name = "__codelineno-29-88" href = "#__codelineno-29-88" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-89" name = "__codelineno-29-89" href = "#__codelineno-29-89" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-30-1" name = "__codelineno-30-1" href = "#__codelineno-30-1" > < / a > < span class = "na" > [class]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-2" name = "__codelineno-30-2" href = "#__codelineno-30-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-3" name = "__codelineno-30-3" href = "#__codelineno-30-3" > < / a > < span class = "na" > [class]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-31-1" name = "__codelineno-31-1" href = "#__codelineno-31-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-2" name = "__codelineno-31-2" href = "#__codelineno-31-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-3" name = "__codelineno-31-3" href = "#__codelineno-31-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-32-1" name = "__codelineno-32-1" href = "#__codelineno-32-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > file< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > utils< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > pair< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > swift< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-2" name = "__codelineno-32-2" href = "#__codelineno-32-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-3" name = "__codelineno-32-3" href = "#__codelineno-32-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
2024-01-28 22:31:13 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-33-1" name = "__codelineno-33-1" href = "#__codelineno-33-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-2" name = "__codelineno-33-2" href = "#__codelineno-33-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-3" name = "__codelineno-33-3" href = "#__codelineno-33-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-34-1" name = "__codelineno-34-1" href = "#__codelineno-34-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-2" name = "__codelineno-34-2" href = "#__codelineno-34-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-3" name = "__codelineno-34-3" href = "#__codelineno-34-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "nx" > ArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_hash_map.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-35-1" name = "__codelineno-35-1" href = "#__codelineno-35-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > Pair< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-2" name = "__codelineno-35-2" href = "#__codelineno-35-2" > < / a >
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< h2 id = "613-hash-collision-and-resizing" > 6.1.3 Hash collision and resizing< a class = "headerlink" href = "#613-hash-collision-and-resizing" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Essentially, the role of the hash function is to map the entire input space of all keys to the output space of all array indices. However, the input space is often much larger than the output space. Therefore, < strong > theoretically, there will always be cases where "multiple inputs correspond to the same output"< / strong > .< / p >
< p > In the example above, with the given hash function, when the last two digits of the input < code > key< / code > are the same, the hash function produces the same output. For instance, when querying two students with student IDs 12836 and 20336, we find:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-41-1" name = "__codelineno-41-1" href = "#__codelineno-41-1" > < / a > < span class = "m" > 12836< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > %< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > 100< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 36< / span >
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< p > As shown in Figure 6-3, both student IDs point to the same name, which is obviously incorrect. This situation where multiple inputs correspond to the same output is called < u > hash collision< / u > .< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../hash_map.assets/hash_collision.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Example of hash collision" class = "animation-figure" src = "../hash_map.assets/hash_collision.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 6-3 Example of hash collision < / p >
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< p > It is easy to understand that as the capacity < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > of the hash table increases, the probability of multiple keys being assigned to the same bucket decreases, resulting in fewer collisions. Therefore, < strong > we can reduce hash collisions by resizing the hash table< / strong > .< / p >
< p > As shown in Figure 6-4, before resizing, the key-value pairs < code > (136, A)< / code > and < code > (236, D)< / code > collide. However, after resizing, the collision is resolved.< / p >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../hash_map.assets/hash_table_reshash.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Hash table resizing" class = "animation-figure" src = "../hash_map.assets/hash_table_reshash.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 6-4 Hash table resizing < / p >
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< p > Similar to array expansion, resizing a hash table requires migrating all key-value pairs from the original hash table to the new one, which is time-consuming. Furthermore, since the < code > capacity< / code > of the hash table changes, we need to recalculate the storage positions of all key-value pairs using the hash function, further increasing the computational overhead of the resizing process. Therefore, programming languages often allocate a sufficiently large capacity for the hash table to prevent frequent resizing.< / p >
< p > The < u > load factor< / u > is an important concept in hash tables. It is defined as the ratio of the number of elements in the hash table to the number of buckets. It is used to measure the severity of hash collisions and < strong > often serves as a trigger for hash table resizing< / strong > . For example, in Java, when the load factor exceeds < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0.75\)< / span > , the system will resize the hash table to twice its original size.< / p >
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< a href = "https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" title = "leetcode.cn" class = "md-social__link" >
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< script id = "__config" type = "application/json" > { "base" : "../.." , "features" : [ "announce.dismiss" , "content.action.edit" , "content.code.annotate" , "content.code.copy" , "content.tabs.link" , "content.tooltips" , "navigation.indexes" , "navigation.top" , "navigation.footer" , "navigation.tracking" , "search.highlight" , "search.share" , "search.suggest" , "toc.follow" ] , "search" : "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js" , "translations" : { "clipboard.copied" : "Copied to clipboard" , "clipboard.copy" : "Copy to clipboard" , "search.result.more.one" : "1 more on this page" , "search.result.more.other" : "# more on this page" , "search.result.none" : "No matching documents" , "search.result.one" : "1 matching document" , "search.result.other" : "# matching documents" , "search.result.placeholder" : "Type to start searching" , "search.result.term.missing" : "Missing" , "select.version" : "Select version" } } < / script >
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< script > document $ . subscribe ( ( ) => { const lightbox = GLightbox ( { "touchNavigation" : true , "loop" : false , "zoomable" : true , "draggable" : false , "openEffect" : "zoom" , "closeEffect" : "zoom" , "slideEffect" : "none" } ) ; } ) < / script > < / body >
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