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148 lines
3 KiB
Ruby
148 lines
3 KiB
Ruby
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=begin
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File: my_heap.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-19
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Author: Blue Bean (lonnnnnnner@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### 大顶堆 ###
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class MaxHeap
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attr_reader :max_heap
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### 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 ###
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def initialize(nums)
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# 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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@max_heap = nums
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# 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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parent(size - 1).downto(0) do |i|
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sift_down(i)
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end
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end
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### 获取左子节点的索引 ###
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def left(i)
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2 * i + 1
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end
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### 获取右子节点的索引 ###
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def right(i)
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2 * i + 2
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end
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### 获取父节点的索引 ###
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def parent(i)
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(i - 1) / 2 # 向下整除
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end
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### 交换元素 ###
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def swap(i, j)
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@max_heap[i], @max_heap[j] = @max_heap[j], @max_heap[i]
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end
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### 获取堆大小 ###
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def size
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@max_heap.length
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end
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### 判断堆是否为空 ###
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def is_empty?
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size == 0
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end
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### 访问堆顶元素 ###
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def peek
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@max_heap[0]
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end
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### 元素入堆 ###
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def push(val)
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# 添加节点
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@max_heap << val
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# 从底至顶堆化
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sift_up(size - 1)
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end
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### 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 ###
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def sift_up(i)
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loop do
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# 获取节点 i 的父节点
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p = parent(i)
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# 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
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break if p < 0 || @max_heap[i] <= @max_heap[p]
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# 交换两节点
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swap(i, p)
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# 循环向上堆化
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i = p
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end
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end
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### 元素出堆 ###
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def pop
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# 判空处理
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raise IndexError, "堆为空" if is_empty?
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# 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(0, size - 1)
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# 删除节点
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val = @max_heap.pop
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# 从顶至底堆化
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sift_down(0)
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# 返回堆顶元素
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val
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end
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### 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 ###
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def sift_down(i)
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loop do
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# 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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l, r, ma = left(i), right(i), i
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ma = l if l < size && @max_heap[l] > @max_heap[ma]
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ma = r if r < size && @max_heap[r] > @max_heap[ma]
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# 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
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break if ma == i
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# 交换两节点
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swap(i, ma)
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# 循环向下堆化
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i = ma
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end
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end
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### 打印堆(二叉树)###
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def __print__
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print_heap(@max_heap)
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化大顶堆
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max_heap = MaxHeap.new([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2])
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puts "\n输入列表并建堆后"
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max_heap.__print__
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# 获取堆顶元素
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peek = max_heap.peek
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puts "\n堆顶元素为 #{peek}"
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# 元素入堆
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val = 7
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max_heap.push(val)
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puts "\n元素 #{val} 入堆后"
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max_heap.__print__
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# 堆顶元素出堆
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peek = max_heap.pop
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puts "\n堆顶元素 #{peek} 出堆后"
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max_heap.__print__
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# 获取堆大小
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size = max_heap.size
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puts "\n堆元素数量为 #{size}"
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# 判断堆是否为空
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is_empty = max_heap.is_empty?
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puts "\n堆是否为空 #{is_empty}"
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end
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