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52 lines
1.5 KiB
Ruby
52 lines
1.5 KiB
Ruby
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=begin
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File: subset_sum_ii.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-22
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 回溯算法:子集和 II ###
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def backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res)
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# 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if target.zero?
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res << state.dup
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return
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end
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# 遍历所有选择
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# 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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# 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for i in start...choices.length
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# 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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# 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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break if target - choices[i] < 0
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# 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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next if i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]
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# 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state << choices[i]
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# 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)
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# 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.pop
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end
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end
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### 求解子集和 II ###
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def subset_sum_ii(nums, target)
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state = [] # 状态(子集)
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nums.sort! # 对 nums 进行排序
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start = 0 # 遍历起始点
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res = [] # 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)
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res
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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nums = [4, 4, 5]
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target = 9
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res = subset_sum_ii(nums, target)
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puts "输入数组 nums = #{nums}, target = #{target}"
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puts "所有和等于 #{target} 的子集 res = #{res}"
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end
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