mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 12:06:29 +08:00
160 lines
4.9 KiB
C#
160 lines
4.9 KiB
C#
|
/**
|
|||
|
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cs
|
|||
|
* Created Time: 2023-06-26
|
|||
|
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
|
|||
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
|
|||
|
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
|||
|
int size; // 鍵值對數量
|
|||
|
int capacity = 4; // 雜湊表容量
|
|||
|
double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
|
|||
|
int extendRatio = 2; // 擴容倍數
|
|||
|
Pair[] buckets; // 桶陣列
|
|||
|
Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 刪除標記
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 建構子 */
|
|||
|
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
|
|||
|
size = 0;
|
|||
|
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 雜湊函式 */
|
|||
|
int HashFunc(int key) {
|
|||
|
return key % capacity;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 負載因子 */
|
|||
|
double LoadFactor() {
|
|||
|
return (double)size / capacity;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
|
|||
|
int FindBucket(int key) {
|
|||
|
int index = HashFunc(key);
|
|||
|
int firstTombstone = -1;
|
|||
|
// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
|
|||
|
while (buckets[index] != null) {
|
|||
|
// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
|
|||
|
if (buckets[index].key == key) {
|
|||
|
// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
|
|||
|
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
|
|||
|
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
|
|||
|
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
|
|||
|
return firstTombstone; // 返回移動後的桶索引
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
return index; // 返回桶索引
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
|
|||
|
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
firstTombstone = index;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
|
|||
|
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
|
|||
|
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 查詢操作 */
|
|||
|
public string? Get(int key) {
|
|||
|
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
|
|||
|
int index = FindBucket(key);
|
|||
|
// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
|
|||
|
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
return buckets[index].val;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
|
|||
|
return null;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 新增操作 */
|
|||
|
public void Put(int key, string val) {
|
|||
|
// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
|
|||
|
if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {
|
|||
|
Extend();
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
|
|||
|
int index = FindBucket(key);
|
|||
|
// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
|
|||
|
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
buckets[index].val = val;
|
|||
|
return;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
|
|||
|
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
|
|||
|
size++;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 刪除操作 */
|
|||
|
public void Remove(int key) {
|
|||
|
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
|
|||
|
int index = FindBucket(key);
|
|||
|
// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
|
|||
|
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
|
|||
|
size--;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 擴容雜湊表 */
|
|||
|
void Extend() {
|
|||
|
// 暫存原雜湊表
|
|||
|
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
|
|||
|
// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
|
|||
|
capacity *= extendRatio;
|
|||
|
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
|
|||
|
size = 0;
|
|||
|
// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
|
|||
|
foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {
|
|||
|
if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
Put(pair.key, pair.val);
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 列印雜湊表 */
|
|||
|
public void Print() {
|
|||
|
foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {
|
|||
|
if (pair == null) {
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine("null");
|
|||
|
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine("TOMBSTONE");
|
|||
|
} else {
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
public class hash_map_open_addressing {
|
|||
|
[Test]
|
|||
|
public void Test() {
|
|||
|
/* 初始化雜湊表 */
|
|||
|
HashMapOpenAddressing map = new();
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 新增操作 */
|
|||
|
// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
|
|||
|
map.Put(12836, "小哈");
|
|||
|
map.Put(15937, "小囉");
|
|||
|
map.Put(16750, "小算");
|
|||
|
map.Put(13276, "小法");
|
|||
|
map.Put(10583, "小鴨");
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
|
|||
|
map.Print();
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 查詢操作 */
|
|||
|
// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 value
|
|||
|
string? name = map.Get(13276);
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 " + name);
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/* 刪除操作 */
|
|||
|
// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, value)
|
|||
|
map.Remove(16750);
|
|||
|
Console.WriteLine("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
|
|||
|
map.Print();
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|