2023-01-27 01:52:51 +08:00
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/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-01-26
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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import utils
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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class BinarySearchTree {
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private var root: TreeNode?
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init(nums: [Int]) {
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let nums = nums.sorted() // 排序数组
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root = buildTree(nums: nums, i: 0, j: nums.count - 1) // 构建二叉搜索树
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}
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 获取二叉树根节点 */
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func getRoot() -> TreeNode? {
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root
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}
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/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
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func buildTree(nums: [Int], i: Int, j: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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if i > j {
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return nil
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}
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// 将数组中间节点作为根节点
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let mid = (i + j) / 2
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let root = TreeNode(x: nums[mid])
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// 递归建立左子树和右子树
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root.left = buildTree(nums: nums, i: i, j: mid - 1)
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root.right = buildTree(nums: nums, i: mid + 1, j: j)
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return root
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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func search(num: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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var cur = root
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while cur != nil {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur!.val < num {
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cur = cur?.right
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}
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if cur!.val > num {
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cur = cur?.left
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}
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else {
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break
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}
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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func insert(num: Int) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if root == nil {
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return
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}
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var cur = root
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var pre: TreeNode?
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while cur != nil {
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// 找到重复节点,直接返回
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if cur!.val == num {
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return
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}
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pre = cur
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur!.val < num {
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cur = cur?.right
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}
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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else {
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cur = cur?.left
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}
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}
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// 插入节点
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let node = TreeNode(x: num)
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if pre!.val < num {
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pre?.right = node
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} else {
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pre?.left = node
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}
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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@discardableResult
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func remove(num: Int) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if root == nil {
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return
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}
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var cur = root
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var pre: TreeNode?
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while cur != nil {
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// 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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if cur!.val == num {
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break
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}
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pre = cur
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// 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur!.val < num {
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cur = cur?.right
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}
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// 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else {
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cur = cur?.left
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}
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}
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// 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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if cur == nil {
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return
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}
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// 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
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if cur?.left == nil || cur?.right == nil {
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// 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子节点
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let child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right
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// 删除节点 cur
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if cur !== root {
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if pre?.left === cur {
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pre?.left = child
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} else {
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pre?.right = child
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}
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} else {
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// 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
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root = child
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}
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}
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// 子节点数量 = 2
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else {
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// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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var tmp = cur?.right
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while tmp?.left != nil {
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tmp = tmp?.left
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}
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// 递归删除节点 tmp
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remove(num: tmp!.val)
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// 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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cur?.val = tmp!.val
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}
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}
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}
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@main
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enum _BinarySearchTree {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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let nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
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let bst = BinarySearchTree(nums: nums)
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print("\n初始化的二叉树为\n")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: bst.getRoot())
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 查找节点 */
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var node = bst.search(num: 7)
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print("\n查找到的节点对象为 \(node!),节点值 = \(node!.val)")
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 插入节点 */
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bst.insert(num: 16)
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print("\n插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: bst.getRoot())
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2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
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/* 删除节点 */
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bst.remove(num: 1)
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print("\n删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: bst.getRoot())
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bst.remove(num: 2)
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print("\n删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: bst.getRoot())
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bst.remove(num: 4)
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print("\n删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: bst.getRoot())
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}
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}
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