mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-27 12:36:28 +08:00
171 lines
4.8 KiB
C++
171 lines
4.8 KiB
C++
|
/**
|
||
|
* File: binary_search_tree.cpp
|
||
|
* Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||
|
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
|
||
|
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 二元搜尋樹 */
|
||
|
class BinarySearchTree {
|
||
|
private:
|
||
|
TreeNode *root;
|
||
|
|
||
|
public:
|
||
|
/* 建構子 */
|
||
|
BinarySearchTree() {
|
||
|
// 初始化空樹
|
||
|
root = nullptr;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 析構方法 */
|
||
|
~BinarySearchTree() {
|
||
|
freeMemoryTree(root);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
|
||
|
TreeNode *getRoot() {
|
||
|
return root;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 查詢節點 */
|
||
|
TreeNode *search(int num) {
|
||
|
TreeNode *cur = root;
|
||
|
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
||
|
while (cur != nullptr) {
|
||
|
// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
|
||
|
if (cur->val < num)
|
||
|
cur = cur->right;
|
||
|
// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
|
||
|
else if (cur->val > num)
|
||
|
cur = cur->left;
|
||
|
// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 返回目標節點
|
||
|
return cur;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 插入節點 */
|
||
|
void insert(int num) {
|
||
|
// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
|
||
|
if (root == nullptr) {
|
||
|
root = new TreeNode(num);
|
||
|
return;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
|
||
|
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
||
|
while (cur != nullptr) {
|
||
|
// 找到重複節點,直接返回
|
||
|
if (cur->val == num)
|
||
|
return;
|
||
|
pre = cur;
|
||
|
// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
|
||
|
if (cur->val < num)
|
||
|
cur = cur->right;
|
||
|
// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
cur = cur->left;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 插入節點
|
||
|
TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);
|
||
|
if (pre->val < num)
|
||
|
pre->right = node;
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
pre->left = node;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 刪除節點 */
|
||
|
void remove(int num) {
|
||
|
// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
|
||
|
if (root == nullptr)
|
||
|
return;
|
||
|
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
|
||
|
// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
||
|
while (cur != nullptr) {
|
||
|
// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
|
||
|
if (cur->val == num)
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
pre = cur;
|
||
|
// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
|
||
|
if (cur->val < num)
|
||
|
cur = cur->right;
|
||
|
// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
cur = cur->left;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
|
||
|
if (cur == nullptr)
|
||
|
return;
|
||
|
// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
|
||
|
if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
|
||
|
// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = nullptr / 該子節點
|
||
|
TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
|
||
|
// 刪除節點 cur
|
||
|
if (cur != root) {
|
||
|
if (pre->left == cur)
|
||
|
pre->left = child;
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
pre->right = child;
|
||
|
} else {
|
||
|
// 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
|
||
|
root = child;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 釋放記憶體
|
||
|
delete cur;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 子節點數量 = 2
|
||
|
else {
|
||
|
// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
|
||
|
TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
|
||
|
while (tmp->left != nullptr) {
|
||
|
tmp = tmp->left;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
int tmpVal = tmp->val;
|
||
|
// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
|
||
|
remove(tmp->val);
|
||
|
// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
|
||
|
cur->val = tmpVal;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
};
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* Driver Code */
|
||
|
int main() {
|
||
|
/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
|
||
|
BinarySearchTree *bst = new BinarySearchTree();
|
||
|
// 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
|
||
|
vector<int> nums = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
|
||
|
for (int num : nums) {
|
||
|
bst->insert(num);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
cout << endl << "初始化的二元樹為\n" << endl;
|
||
|
printTree(bst->getRoot());
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 查詢節點 */
|
||
|
TreeNode *node = bst->search(7);
|
||
|
cout << endl << "查詢到的節點物件為 " << node << ",節點值 = " << node->val << endl;
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 插入節點 */
|
||
|
bst->insert(16);
|
||
|
cout << endl << "插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
|
||
|
printTree(bst->getRoot());
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 刪除節點 */
|
||
|
bst->remove(1);
|
||
|
cout << endl << "刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
|
||
|
printTree(bst->getRoot());
|
||
|
bst->remove(2);
|
||
|
cout << endl << "刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
|
||
|
printTree(bst->getRoot());
|
||
|
bst->remove(4);
|
||
|
cout << endl << "刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n" << endl;
|
||
|
printTree(bst->getRoot());
|
||
|
|
||
|
// 釋放記憶體
|
||
|
delete bst;
|
||
|
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|