2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
|
* File: avl_tree.c
|
|
|
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-01-15
|
|
|
|
|
* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-24 04:11:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#include "../utils/common.h"
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* AVL Tree */
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
typedef struct {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *root;
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
} AVLTree;
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构建 AVL 树 */
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
AVLTree *newAVLTree() {
|
|
|
|
|
AVLTree *tree = (AVLTree *)malloc(sizeof(AVLTree));
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
tree->root = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
return tree;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-17 22:15:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 获取节点高度 */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
int height(TreeNode *node) {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (node != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
return node->height;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 更新节点高度 */
|
2023-04-18 14:31:23 +08:00
|
|
|
|
void updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
int lh = height(node->left);
|
|
|
|
|
int rh = height(node->right);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (lh > rh) {
|
|
|
|
|
node->height = lh + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
node->height = rh + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取平衡因子 */
|
|
|
|
|
int balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 空节点平衡因子为 0
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (node == NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return height(node->left) - height(node->right);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 右旋操作 */
|
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {
|
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *child, *grandChild;
|
|
|
|
|
child = node->left;
|
|
|
|
|
grandChild = child->right;
|
|
|
|
|
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
|
|
|
|
|
child->right = node;
|
|
|
|
|
node->left = grandChild;
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 更新节点高度
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(node);
|
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(child);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return child;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 左旋操作 */
|
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {
|
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *child, *grandChild;
|
|
|
|
|
child = node->right;
|
|
|
|
|
grandChild = child->left;
|
|
|
|
|
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
|
|
|
|
|
child->left = node;
|
|
|
|
|
node->right = grandChild;
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 更新节点高度
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(node);
|
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(child);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return child;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
int bf = balanceFactor(node);
|
|
|
|
|
// 左偏树
|
|
|
|
|
if (bf > 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 右旋
|
|
|
|
|
return rightRotate(node);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// 先左旋后右旋
|
|
|
|
|
node->left = leftRotate(node->left);
|
|
|
|
|
return rightRotate(node);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 右偏树
|
|
|
|
|
if (bf < -1) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 左旋
|
|
|
|
|
return leftRotate(node);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// 先右旋后左旋
|
|
|
|
|
node->right = rightRotate(node->right);
|
|
|
|
|
return leftRotate(node);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-08-20 14:51:39 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return node;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-06-24 16:37:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 递归插入节点(辅助函数) */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (node == NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
return newTreeNode(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入节点 */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (val < node->val) {
|
|
|
|
|
node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);
|
|
|
|
|
} else if (val > node->val) {
|
|
|
|
|
node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 重复节点不插入,直接返回
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return node;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 更新节点高度
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(node);
|
|
|
|
|
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
|
|
|
|
node = rotate(node);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 返回子树的根节点
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return node;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 插入节点 */
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
void insert(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
tree->root = insertHelper(tree->root, val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-06-24 16:37:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 递归删除节点(辅助函数) */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
|
2023-04-14 05:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *child, *grandChild;
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (node == NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 1. 查找节点,并删除之 */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (val < node->val) {
|
|
|
|
|
node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);
|
|
|
|
|
} else if (val > node->val) {
|
|
|
|
|
node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
if (node->left == NULL || node->right == NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
child = node->left;
|
|
|
|
|
if (node->right != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
child = node->right;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
if (child == NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
node = child;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
|
2023-04-14 05:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *temp = node->right;
|
|
|
|
|
while (temp->left != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
temp = temp->left;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
int tempVal = temp->val;
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);
|
2023-04-14 05:47:20 +08:00
|
|
|
|
node->val = tempVal;
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 更新节点高度
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
updateHeight(node);
|
|
|
|
|
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
|
|
|
|
node = rotate(node);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 返回子树的根节点
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return node;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 删除节点 */
|
2023-01-16 10:38:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 由于引入了 stdio.h ,此处无法使用 remove 关键词
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
void removeItem(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree->root, val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 查找节点 */
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *search(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *cur = tree->root;
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
while (cur != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (cur->val < val) {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
cur = cur->right;
|
|
|
|
|
} else if (cur->val > val) {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
cur = cur->left;
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
return cur;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
void testInsert(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
insert(tree, val);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
printf("\n插入节点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val);
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
printTree(tree->root);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
void testRemove(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
|
2023-10-15 21:18:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
removeItem(tree, val);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
printf("\n删除节点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val);
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
printTree(tree->root);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
|
|
|
int main() {
|
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
|
2023-10-18 02:16:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
AVLTree *tree = (AVLTree *)newAVLTree();
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 插入节点 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 2);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 3);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 4);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 5);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 8);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 7);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 9);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 10);
|
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 6);
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 插入重复节点 */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
testInsert(tree, 7);
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 删除节点 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
|
|
|
|
testRemove(tree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
|
|
|
|
|
testRemove(tree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
|
|
|
|
|
testRemove(tree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 查询节点 */
|
2023-01-15 21:49:22 +08:00
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *node = search(tree, 7);
|
2023-04-09 04:32:17 +08:00
|
|
|
|
printf("\n查找到的节点对象节点值 = %d \n", node->val);
|
2023-04-17 22:15:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|