mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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249 lines
9.1 KiB
Zig
249 lines
9.1 KiB
Zig
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// File: avl_tree.zig
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// Created Time: 2023-01-15
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// Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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const std = @import("std");
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const inc = @import("include");
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// AVL 樹
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pub fn AVLTree(comptime T: type) type {
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return struct {
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const Self = @This();
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root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null, // 根節點
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mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
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mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 記憶體分配器
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// 建構子
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pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
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if (self.mem_arena == null) {
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self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
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self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
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}
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}
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// 析構方法
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pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
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if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
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self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
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}
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// 獲取節點高度
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fn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
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_ = self;
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// 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0
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return if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;
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}
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// 更新節點高度
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fn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {
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// 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1
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node.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;
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}
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// 獲取平衡因子
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fn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
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// 空節點平衡因子為 0
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if (node == null) return 0;
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// 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度
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return self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);
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}
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// 右旋操作
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fn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var child = node.?.left;
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var grandChild = child.?.right;
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// 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉
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child.?.right = node;
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node.?.left = grandChild;
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// 更新節點高度
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self.updateHeight(node);
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self.updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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return child;
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}
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// 左旋操作
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fn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var child = node.?.right;
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var grandChild = child.?.left;
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// 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉
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child.?.left = node;
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node.?.right = grandChild;
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// 更新節點高度
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self.updateHeight(node);
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self.updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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return child;
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}
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// 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
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fn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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// 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子
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var balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏樹
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if (balance_factor > 1) {
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if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return self.rightRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先左旋後右旋
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node.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);
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return self.rightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏樹
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if (balance_factor < -1) {
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if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return self.leftRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先右旋後左旋
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node.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);
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return self.leftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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// 插入節點
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fn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {
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self.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;
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}
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// 遞迴插入節點(輔助方法)
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fn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var node = node_;
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if (node == null) {
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var tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
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tmp_node.init(val);
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return tmp_node;
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}
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// 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點
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if (val < node.?.val) {
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node.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);
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} else if (val > node.?.val) {
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node.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);
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} else {
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return node; // 重複節點不插入,直接返回
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}
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self.updateHeight(node); // 更新節點高度
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// 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
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node = self.rotate(node);
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// 返回子樹的根節點
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return node;
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}
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// 刪除節點
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fn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {
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self.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;
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}
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// 遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法)
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fn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var node = node_;
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if (node == null) return null;
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// 1. 查詢節點並刪除
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if (val < node.?.val) {
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node.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);
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} else if (val > node.?.val) {
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node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);
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} else {
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if (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {
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var child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;
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// 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回
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if (child == null) {
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return null;
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// 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node
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} else {
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node = child;
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}
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} else {
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// 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點
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var temp = node.?.right;
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while (temp.?.left != null) {
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temp = temp.?.left;
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}
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node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);
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node.?.val = temp.?.val;
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}
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}
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self.updateHeight(node); // 更新節點高度
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// 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
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node = self.rotate(node);
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// 返回子樹的根節點
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return node;
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}
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// 查詢節點
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fn search(self: *Self, val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var cur = self.root;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.?.val < val) {
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cur = cur.?.right;
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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} else if (cur.?.val > val) {
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cur = cur.?.left;
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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} else {
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break;
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}
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur;
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}
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};
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}
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pub fn testInsert(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) !void {
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var tree = tree_;
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try tree.insert(val);
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std.debug.print("\n插入節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為\n", .{val});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
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}
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pub fn testRemove(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) void {
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var tree = tree_;
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tree.remove(val);
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std.debug.print("\n刪除節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為\n", .{val});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
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}
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// Driver Code
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pub fn main() !void {
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// 初始化空 AVL 樹
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var avl_tree = AVLTree(i32){};
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avl_tree.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
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defer avl_tree.deinit();
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// 插入節點
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// 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 1);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 2);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 3);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 4);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 5);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 8);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 9);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 10);
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 6);
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// 插入重複節點
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try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
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// 刪除節點
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// 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 8); // 刪除度為 0 的節點
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testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 5); // 刪除度為 1 的節點
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testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 4); // 刪除度為 2 的節點
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// 查詢節點
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var node = avl_tree.search(7).?;
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std.debug.print("\n查詢到的節點物件為 {any},節點值 = {}\n", .{node, node.val});
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_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
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}
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