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Hello 演算法
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5.1 堆疊
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krahets/hello-algo
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m13.13 22.19-1.63-3.83c1.57-.58 3.04-1.36 4.4-2.27l-2.77 6.1M5.64 12.5l-3.83-1.63 6.1-2.77C7 9.46 6.22 10.93 5.64 12.5M19.22 4c.28 0 .53 0 .74.05.17 1.39-.02 4.25-3.3 7.53-1.7 1.71-3.73 3.02-6.01 3.89l-2.15-2.1c.92-2.31 2.23-4.34 3.92-6.03C15.18 4.58 17.64 4 19.22 4m0-2c-1.98 0-4.98.69-8.22 3.93-2.19 2.19-3.5 4.6-4.35 6.71-.28.75-.09 1.57.46 2.13l2.13 2.12c.38.38.89.61 1.42.61.23 0 .47-.06.7-.15A19.1 19.1 0 0 0 18.07 13c5.66-5.66 3.54-10.61 3.54-10.61S20.7 2 19.22 2m-4.68 7.46c-.78-.78-.78-2.05 0-2.83s2.05-.78 2.83 0c.77.78.78 2.05 0 2.83-.78.78-2.05.78-2.83 0m-5.66 7.07-1.41-1.41 1.41 1.41M6.24 22l3.64-3.64c-.34-.09-.67-.24-.97-.45L4.83 22h1.41M2 22h1.41l4.77-4.76-1.42-1.41L2 20.59V22m0-2.83 4.09-4.08c-.21-.3-.36-.62-.45-.97L2 17.76v1.41Z" / > < / svg >
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序
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序
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第 0 章 前言
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第 0 章 前言
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0.1 關於本書
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0.2 如何使用本書
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0.3 小結
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第 1 章 初識演算法
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第 1 章 初識演算法
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1.1 演算法無處不在
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1.2 演算法是什麼
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1.3 小結
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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第 2 章 複雜度分析
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2.1 演算法效率評估
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2.2 迭代與遞迴
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2.3 時間複雜度
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2.4 空間複雜度
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2.5 小結
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第 3 章 資料結構
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第 3 章 資料結構
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3.1 資料結構分類
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3.2 基本資料型別
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3.3 數字編碼 *
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3.4 字元編碼 *
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3.5 小結
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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第 4 章 陣列與鏈結串列
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4.1 陣列
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4.2 鏈結串列
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4.3 串列
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4.4 記憶體與快取 *
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4.5 小結
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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第 5 章 堆疊與佇列
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5.1 堆疊
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5.1 堆疊
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目錄
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5.1.1 堆疊的常用操作
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5.1.2 堆疊的實現
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1. 基於鏈結串列的實現
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2. 基於陣列的實現
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5.1.3 兩種實現對比
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5.1.4 堆疊的典型應用
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5.2 佇列
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5.3 雙向佇列
< / span >
< / a >
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< a href = "../summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
5.4 小結
< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
第 6 章 雜湊表
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< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
第 6 章 雜湊表
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.1 雜湊表
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.2 雜湊衝突
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.3 雜湊演算法
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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6.4 小結
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_9" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
第 7 章 樹
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_9_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_9" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
第 7 章 樹
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.1 二元樹
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
7.2 二元樹走訪
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.3 二元樹陣列表示
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.4 二元搜尋樹
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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7.5 AVL *
< / span >
< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
7.6 小結
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_10" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_heap/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" / > < / svg >
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第 8 章 堆積
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< / label >
< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_10_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_10" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
第 8 章 堆積
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.1 堆積
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.2 建堆積操作
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.3 Top-k 問題
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.4 小結
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z" / > < / svg >
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第 9 章 圖
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< / label >
< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_11_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
第 9 章 圖
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9.1 圖
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.2 圖基礎操作
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.3 圖的走訪
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9.4 小結
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_12" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z" / > < / svg >
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第 10 章 搜尋
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_12_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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第 10 章 搜尋
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.1 二分搜尋
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.2 二分搜尋插入點
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.3 二分搜尋邊界
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.4 雜湊最佳化策略
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.5 重識搜尋演算法
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10.6 小結
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_13" >
< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
第 11 章 排序
< / span >
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< / label >
< / div >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_13_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_13" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
第 11 章 排序
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.1 排序演算法
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.2 選擇排序
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.3 泡沫排序
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.4 插入排序
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.5 快速排序
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.6 合併排序
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.7 堆積排序
< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.8 桶排序
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< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.9 計數排序
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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11.10 基數排序
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11.11 小結
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_14" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class = "md-nav__link " >
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第 12 章 分治
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12.1 分治演算法
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12.2 分治搜尋策略
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12.3 構建樹問題
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12.4 河內塔問題
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12.5 小結
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第 13 章 回溯
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13.1 回溯演算法
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13.2 全排列問題
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13.3 子集和問題
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13.4 N 皇后問題
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13.5 小結
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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第 14 章 動態規劃
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14.1 初探動態規劃
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14.2 DP 問題特性
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14.3 DP 解題思路
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14.4 0-1 背包問題
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14.5 完全背包問題
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14.6 編輯距離問題
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14.7 小結
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第 15 章 貪婪
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第 15 章 貪婪
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15.1 貪婪演算法
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15.2 分數背包問題
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15.3 最大容量問題
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15.4 最大切分乘積問題
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15.5 小結
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第 16 章 附錄
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第 16 章 附錄
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16.1 程式設計環境安裝
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16.2 一起參與創作
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16.3 術語表
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參考文獻
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5.1.1 堆疊的常用操作
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5.1.2 堆疊的實現
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1. 基於鏈結串列的實現
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2. 基於陣列的實現
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5.1.3 兩種實現對比
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5.1.4 堆疊的典型應用
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< h1 id = "51" > 5.1 堆疊< a class = "headerlink" href = "#51" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
< p > < u > 堆疊（ ） < / u > 是一種遵循先入後出邏輯的線性資料結構。< / p >
< p > 我們可以將堆疊類比為桌面上的一疊盤子，如果想取出底部的盤子，則需要先將上面的盤子依次移走。我們將盤子替換為各種型別的元素（如整數、字元、物件等），就得到了堆疊這種資料結構。< / p >
< p > 如圖 5-1 所示，我們把堆積疊元素的頂部稱為“堆疊頂”，底部稱為“堆疊底”。將把元素新增到堆疊頂的操作叫作“入堆疊”，刪除堆疊頂元素的操作叫作“出堆疊”。< / p >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "堆疊的先入後出規則" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > 圖 5-1 堆疊的先入後出規則 < / p >
< h2 id = "511" > 5.1.1 堆疊的常用操作< a class = "headerlink" href = "#511" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 堆疊的常用操作如表 5-1 所示，具體的方法名需要根據所使用的程式語言來確定。在此，我們以常見的 < code > push()< / code > 、< code > pop()< / code > 、< code > peek()< / code > 命名為例。< / p >
< p align = "center" > 表 5-1 堆疊的操作效率 < / p >
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< th > 方法< / th >
< th > 描述< / th >
< th > 時間複雜度< / th >
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< tr >
< td > < code > push()< / code > < / td >
< td > 元素入堆疊（新增至堆疊頂）< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > pop()< / code > < / td >
< td > 堆疊頂元素出堆疊< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > peek()< / code > < / td >
< td > 訪問堆疊頂元素< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
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< p > 通常情況下，我們可以直接使用程式語言內建的堆疊類別。然而，某些語言可能沒有專門提供堆疊類別，這時我們可以將該語言的“陣列”或“鏈結串列”當作堆疊來使用，並在程式邏輯上忽略與堆疊無關的操作。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:14" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_10" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_11" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_12" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_13" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_14" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_13" > Ruby< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_14" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 初始化堆疊< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Python 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 list 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素入堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 訪問堆疊頂元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素出堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-18" name = "__codelineno-0-18" href = "#__codelineno-0-18" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 獲取堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-19" name = "__codelineno-0-19" href = "#__codelineno-0-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-20" name = "__codelineno-0-20" href = "#__codelineno-0-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-21" name = "__codelineno-0-21" href = "#__codelineno-0-21" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 判斷是否為空< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-22" name = "__codelineno-0-22" href = "#__codelineno-0-22" > < / a > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 無返回值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-19" name = "__codelineno-1-19" href = "#__codelineno-1-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-20" name = "__codelineno-1-20" href = "#__codelineno-1-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-21" name = "__codelineno-1-21" href = "#__codelineno-1-21" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Stack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Stack< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-17" name = "__codelineno-2-17" href = "#__codelineno-2-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-18" name = "__codelineno-2-18" href = "#__codelineno-2-18" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-19" name = "__codelineno-2-19" href = "#__codelineno-2-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-20" name = "__codelineno-2-20" href = "#__codelineno-2-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-21" name = "__codelineno-2-21" href = "#__codelineno-2-21" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Stack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-19" name = "__codelineno-3-19" href = "#__codelineno-3-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-20" name = "__codelineno-3-20" href = "#__codelineno-3-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-21" name = "__codelineno-3-21" href = "#__codelineno-3-21" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack_test.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 在 Go 中，推薦將 Slice 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [:< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-21" name = "__codelineno-4-21" href = "#__codelineno-4-21" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-22" name = "__codelineno-4-22" href = "#__codelineno-4-22" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-23" name = "__codelineno-4-23" href = "#__codelineno-4-23" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Swift 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 Array 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-19" name = "__codelineno-5-19" href = "#__codelineno-5-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-20" name = "__codelineno-5-20" href = "#__codelineno-5-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-21" name = "__codelineno-5-21" href = "#__codelineno-5-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-22" name = "__codelineno-5-22" href = "#__codelineno-5-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // JavaScript 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 Array 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-6" name = "__codelineno-6-6" href = "#__codelineno-6-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-7" name = "__codelineno-6-7" href = "#__codelineno-6-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-8" name = "__codelineno-6-8" href = "#__codelineno-6-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-9" name = "__codelineno-6-9" href = "#__codelineno-6-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-10" name = "__codelineno-6-10" href = "#__codelineno-6-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-11" name = "__codelineno-6-11" href = "#__codelineno-6-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-12" name = "__codelineno-6-12" href = "#__codelineno-6-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-13" name = "__codelineno-6-13" href = "#__codelineno-6-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-14" name = "__codelineno-6-14" href = "#__codelineno-6-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-15" name = "__codelineno-6-15" href = "#__codelineno-6-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-16" name = "__codelineno-6-16" href = "#__codelineno-6-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-17" name = "__codelineno-6-17" href = "#__codelineno-6-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-18" name = "__codelineno-6-18" href = "#__codelineno-6-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-19" name = "__codelineno-6-19" href = "#__codelineno-6-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-20" name = "__codelineno-6-20" href = "#__codelineno-6-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-21" name = "__codelineno-6-21" href = "#__codelineno-6-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-22" name = "__codelineno-6-22" href = "#__codelineno-6-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // TypeScript 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 Array 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Dart 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 List 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-19" name = "__codelineno-8-19" href = "#__codelineno-8-19" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-20" name = "__codelineno-8-20" href = "#__codelineno-8-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-21" name = "__codelineno-8-21" href = "#__codelineno-8-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-22" name = "__codelineno-8-22" href = "#__codelineno-8-22" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-2" name = "__codelineno-9-2" href = "#__codelineno-9-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 把 Vec 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-3" name = "__codelineno-9-3" href = "#__codelineno-9-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-4" name = "__codelineno-9-4" href = "#__codelineno-9-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-5" name = "__codelineno-9-5" href = "#__codelineno-9-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-6" name = "__codelineno-9-6" href = "#__codelineno-9-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-7" name = "__codelineno-9-7" href = "#__codelineno-9-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-8" name = "__codelineno-9-8" href = "#__codelineno-9-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-9" name = "__codelineno-9-9" href = "#__codelineno-9-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-10" name = "__codelineno-9-10" href = "#__codelineno-9-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-11" name = "__codelineno-9-11" href = "#__codelineno-9-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-12" name = "__codelineno-9-12" href = "#__codelineno-9-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-13" name = "__codelineno-9-13" href = "#__codelineno-9-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > unwrap< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-14" name = "__codelineno-9-14" href = "#__codelineno-9-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-15" name = "__codelineno-9-15" href = "#__codelineno-9-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-16" name = "__codelineno-9-16" href = "#__codelineno-9-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > unwrap< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-17" name = "__codelineno-9-17" href = "#__codelineno-9-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-18" name = "__codelineno-9-18" href = "#__codelineno-9-18" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-19" name = "__codelineno-9-19" href = "#__codelineno-9-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-20" name = "__codelineno-9-20" href = "#__codelineno-9-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-21" name = "__codelineno-9-21" href = "#__codelineno-9-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-22" name = "__codelineno-9-22" href = "#__codelineno-9-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // C 未提供內建堆疊< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-2" name = "__codelineno-11-2" href = "#__codelineno-11-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Stack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-3" name = "__codelineno-11-3" href = "#__codelineno-11-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-4" name = "__codelineno-11-4" href = "#__codelineno-11-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-5" name = "__codelineno-11-5" href = "#__codelineno-11-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-6" name = "__codelineno-11-6" href = "#__codelineno-11-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-7" name = "__codelineno-11-7" href = "#__codelineno-11-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-8" name = "__codelineno-11-8" href = "#__codelineno-11-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-9" name = "__codelineno-11-9" href = "#__codelineno-11-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-10" name = "__codelineno-11-10" href = "#__codelineno-11-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-11" name = "__codelineno-11-11" href = "#__codelineno-11-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-12" name = "__codelineno-11-12" href = "#__codelineno-11-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-13" name = "__codelineno-11-13" href = "#__codelineno-11-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-14" name = "__codelineno-11-14" href = "#__codelineno-11-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-15" name = "__codelineno-11-15" href = "#__codelineno-11-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-16" name = "__codelineno-11-16" href = "#__codelineno-11-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-17" name = "__codelineno-11-17" href = "#__codelineno-11-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-18" name = "__codelineno-11-18" href = "#__codelineno-11-18" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-19" name = "__codelineno-11-19" href = "#__codelineno-11-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-20" name = "__codelineno-11-20" href = "#__codelineno-11-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-21" name = "__codelineno-11-21" href = "#__codelineno-11-21" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.rb< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 初始化堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-2" name = "__codelineno-12-2" href = "#__codelineno-12-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Ruby 沒有內建的堆疊類別，可以把 Array 當作堆疊來使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-3" name = "__codelineno-12-3" href = "#__codelineno-12-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-4" name = "__codelineno-12-4" href = "#__codelineno-12-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-5" name = "__codelineno-12-5" href = "#__codelineno-12-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素入堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-6" name = "__codelineno-12-6" href = "#__codelineno-12-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-7" name = "__codelineno-12-7" href = "#__codelineno-12-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-8" name = "__codelineno-12-8" href = "#__codelineno-12-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-9" name = "__codelineno-12-9" href = "#__codelineno-12-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-10" name = "__codelineno-12-10" href = "#__codelineno-12-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-11" name = "__codelineno-12-11" href = "#__codelineno-12-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-12" name = "__codelineno-12-12" href = "#__codelineno-12-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 訪問堆疊頂元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-13" name = "__codelineno-12-13" href = "#__codelineno-12-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-14" name = "__codelineno-12-14" href = "#__codelineno-12-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-15" name = "__codelineno-12-15" href = "#__codelineno-12-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素出堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-16" name = "__codelineno-12-16" href = "#__codelineno-12-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-17" name = "__codelineno-12-17" href = "#__codelineno-12-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-18" name = "__codelineno-12-18" href = "#__codelineno-12-18" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 獲取堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-19" name = "__codelineno-12-19" href = "#__codelineno-12-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-20" name = "__codelineno-12-20" href = "#__codelineno-12-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-21" name = "__codelineno-12-21" href = "#__codelineno-12-21" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 判斷是否為空< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-22" name = "__codelineno-12-22" href = "#__codelineno-12-22" > < / a > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > empty?< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > stack.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-13-1" name = "__codelineno-13-1" href = "#__codelineno-13-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > 視覺化執行< / summary >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< p > < div style = "height: 549px; width: 100%;" > < iframe class = "pythontutor-iframe" src = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Python%20%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%BB%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%A5%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%8A%8A%20list%20%E7%95%B6%E4%BD%9C%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E4%BE%86%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%0A%20%20%20%20stack%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%85%A5%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%20stack%20%3D%22%2C%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E9%A0%82%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20stack%5B-1%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E9%A0%82%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20peek%20%3D%22%2C%20peek%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%87%BA%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%0A%20%20%20%20pop%20%3D%20stack.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20pop%20%3D%22%2C%20pop%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E5%BE%8C%20stack%20%3D%22%2C%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%8D%B2%E5%8F%96%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E7%9A%84%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E7%9A%84%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6%20size%20%3D%22%2C%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A4%E6%96%B7%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%82%BA%E7%A9%BA%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%20%3D%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%A0%86%E7%96%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%82%BA%E7%A9%BA%20%3D%22%2C%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=2&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" > < / iframe > < / div >
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< h2 id = "512" > 5.1.2 堆疊的實現< a class = "headerlink" href = "#512" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 為了深入瞭解堆疊的執行機制，我們來嘗試自己實現一個堆疊類別。< / p >
< p > 堆疊遵循先入後出的原則，因此我們只能在堆疊頂新增或刪除元素。然而，陣列和鏈結串列都可以在任意位置新增和刪除元素，< strong > 因此堆疊可以視為一種受限制的陣列或鏈結串列< / strong > 。換句話說，我們可以“遮蔽”陣列或鏈結串列的部分無關操作，使其對外表現的邏輯符合堆疊的特性。< / p >
< h3 id = "1" > 1. 基於鏈結串列的實現< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > 使用鏈結串列實現堆疊時，我們可以將鏈結串列的頭節點視為堆疊頂，尾節點視為堆疊底。< / p >
< p > 如圖 5-2 所示，對於入堆疊操作，我們只需將元素插入鏈結串列頭部，這種節點插入方法被稱為“頭插法”。而對於出堆疊操作，只需將頭節點從鏈結串列中刪除即可。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:3" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > LinkedListStack< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > push()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > pop()< / label > < / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "基於鏈結串列實現堆疊的入堆疊出堆疊操作" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_stack_push" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_stack_pop" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 圖 5-2 基於鏈結串列實現堆疊的入堆疊出堆疊操作 < / p >
< p > 以下是基於鏈結串列實現堆疊的示例程式碼：< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "3:14" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_3_1" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_2" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_3" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_4" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_5" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_6" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_7" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_8" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_9" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_10" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_11" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_12" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_13" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_14" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_3_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_13" > Ruby< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_14" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-14-1" name = "__codelineno-14-1" href = "#__codelineno-14-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-2" name = "__codelineno-14-2" href = "#__codelineno-14-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-3" name = "__codelineno-14-3" href = "#__codelineno-14-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-4" name = "__codelineno-14-4" href = "#__codelineno-14-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "fm" > __init__< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-5" name = "__codelineno-14-5" href = "#__codelineno-14-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 建構子" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-6" name = "__codelineno-14-6" href = "#__codelineno-14-6" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-7" name = "__codelineno-14-7" href = "#__codelineno-14-7" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-8" name = "__codelineno-14-8" href = "#__codelineno-14-8" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-9" name = "__codelineno-14-9" href = "#__codelineno-14-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-10" name = "__codelineno-14-10" href = "#__codelineno-14-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 獲取堆疊的長度" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-11" name = "__codelineno-14-11" href = "#__codelineno-14-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-12" name = "__codelineno-14-12" href = "#__codelineno-14-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-13" name = "__codelineno-14-13" href = "#__codelineno-14-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-14" name = "__codelineno-14-14" href = "#__codelineno-14-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 判斷堆疊是否為空" " " < / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-15" name = "__codelineno-14-15" href = "#__codelineno-14-15" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-14-16" name = "__codelineno-14-16" href = "#__codelineno-14-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-17" name = "__codelineno-14-17" href = "#__codelineno-14-17" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-18" name = "__codelineno-14-18" href = "#__codelineno-14-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 入堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-19" name = "__codelineno-14-19" href = "#__codelineno-14-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-20" name = "__codelineno-14-20" href = "#__codelineno-14-20" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-21" name = "__codelineno-14-21" href = "#__codelineno-14-21" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-22" name = "__codelineno-14-22" href = "#__codelineno-14-22" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-23" name = "__codelineno-14-23" href = "#__codelineno-14-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-24" name = "__codelineno-14-24" href = "#__codelineno-14-24" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-25" name = "__codelineno-14-25" href = "#__codelineno-14-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 出堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-26" name = "__codelineno-14-26" href = "#__codelineno-14-26" > < / a > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-27" name = "__codelineno-14-27" href = "#__codelineno-14-27" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-28" name = "__codelineno-14-28" href = "#__codelineno-14-28" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-29" name = "__codelineno-14-29" href = "#__codelineno-14-29" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-30" name = "__codelineno-14-30" href = "#__codelineno-14-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-31" name = "__codelineno-14-31" href = "#__codelineno-14-31" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-32" name = "__codelineno-14-32" href = "#__codelineno-14-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 訪問堆疊頂元素" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-33" name = "__codelineno-14-33" href = "#__codelineno-14-33" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-34" name = "__codelineno-14-34" href = "#__codelineno-14-34" > < / a > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "ne" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-35" name = "__codelineno-14-35" href = "#__codelineno-14-35" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-36" name = "__codelineno-14-36" href = "#__codelineno-14-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-37" name = "__codelineno-14-37" href = "#__codelineno-14-37" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > to_list< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-38" name = "__codelineno-14-38" href = "#__codelineno-14-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 轉化為串列用於列印" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-39" name = "__codelineno-14-39" href = "#__codelineno-14-39" > < / a > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-40" name = "__codelineno-14-40" href = "#__codelineno-14-40" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-41" name = "__codelineno-14-41" href = "#__codelineno-14-41" > < / a > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-42" name = "__codelineno-14-42" href = "#__codelineno-14-42" > < / a > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-43" name = "__codelineno-14-43" href = "#__codelineno-14-43" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-44" name = "__codelineno-14-44" href = "#__codelineno-14-44" > < / a > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > reverse< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-45" name = "__codelineno-14-45" href = "#__codelineno-14-45" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > arr< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-15-1" name = "__codelineno-15-1" href = "#__codelineno-15-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-2" name = "__codelineno-15-2" href = "#__codelineno-15-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-3" name = "__codelineno-15-3" href = "#__codelineno-15-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-4" name = "__codelineno-15-4" href = "#__codelineno-15-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-5" name = "__codelineno-15-5" href = "#__codelineno-15-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-6" name = "__codelineno-15-6" href = "#__codelineno-15-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-7" name = "__codelineno-15-7" href = "#__codelineno-15-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-8" name = "__codelineno-15-8" href = "#__codelineno-15-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-9" name = "__codelineno-15-9" href = "#__codelineno-15-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-10" name = "__codelineno-15-10" href = "#__codelineno-15-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-11" name = "__codelineno-15-11" href = "#__codelineno-15-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-12" name = "__codelineno-15-12" href = "#__codelineno-15-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-13" name = "__codelineno-15-13" href = "#__codelineno-15-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ~< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-14" name = "__codelineno-15-14" href = "#__codelineno-15-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 走訪鏈結串列刪除節點，釋放記憶體< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-15" name = "__codelineno-15-15" href = "#__codelineno-15-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > freeMemoryLinkedList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-16" name = "__codelineno-15-16" href = "#__codelineno-15-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-17" name = "__codelineno-15-17" href = "#__codelineno-15-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-18" name = "__codelineno-15-18" href = "#__codelineno-15-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-19" name = "__codelineno-15-19" href = "#__codelineno-15-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-20" name = "__codelineno-15-20" href = "#__codelineno-15-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-21" name = "__codelineno-15-21" href = "#__codelineno-15-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-22" name = "__codelineno-15-22" href = "#__codelineno-15-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-23" name = "__codelineno-15-23" href = "#__codelineno-15-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-24" name = "__codelineno-15-24" href = "#__codelineno-15-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-25" name = "__codelineno-15-25" href = "#__codelineno-15-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-26" name = "__codelineno-15-26" href = "#__codelineno-15-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-27" name = "__codelineno-15-27" href = "#__codelineno-15-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-28" name = "__codelineno-15-28" href = "#__codelineno-15-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-29" name = "__codelineno-15-29" href = "#__codelineno-15-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-30" name = "__codelineno-15-30" href = "#__codelineno-15-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-31" name = "__codelineno-15-31" href = "#__codelineno-15-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-32" name = "__codelineno-15-32" href = "#__codelineno-15-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-33" name = "__codelineno-15-33" href = "#__codelineno-15-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-34" name = "__codelineno-15-34" href = "#__codelineno-15-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-35" name = "__codelineno-15-35" href = "#__codelineno-15-35" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-36" name = "__codelineno-15-36" href = "#__codelineno-15-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-37" name = "__codelineno-15-37" href = "#__codelineno-15-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-38" name = "__codelineno-15-38" href = "#__codelineno-15-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-39" name = "__codelineno-15-39" href = "#__codelineno-15-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-40" name = "__codelineno-15-40" href = "#__codelineno-15-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-41" name = "__codelineno-15-41" href = "#__codelineno-15-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 釋放記憶體< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-42" name = "__codelineno-15-42" href = "#__codelineno-15-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > delete< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-43" name = "__codelineno-15-43" href = "#__codelineno-15-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-44" name = "__codelineno-15-44" href = "#__codelineno-15-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-45" name = "__codelineno-15-45" href = "#__codelineno-15-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-46" name = "__codelineno-15-46" href = "#__codelineno-15-46" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-47" name = "__codelineno-15-47" href = "#__codelineno-15-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-48" name = "__codelineno-15-48" href = "#__codelineno-15-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-49" name = "__codelineno-15-49" href = "#__codelineno-15-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-50" name = "__codelineno-15-50" href = "#__codelineno-15-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > out_of_range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-51" name = "__codelineno-15-51" href = "#__codelineno-15-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-52" name = "__codelineno-15-52" href = "#__codelineno-15-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-53" name = "__codelineno-15-53" href = "#__codelineno-15-53" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-54" name = "__codelineno-15-54" href = "#__codelineno-15-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-55" name = "__codelineno-15-55" href = "#__codelineno-15-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toVector< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-56" name = "__codelineno-15-56" href = "#__codelineno-15-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackTop< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-57" name = "__codelineno-15-57" href = "#__codelineno-15-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-58" name = "__codelineno-15-58" href = "#__codelineno-15-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-59" name = "__codelineno-15-59" href = "#__codelineno-15-59" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-60" name = "__codelineno-15-60" href = "#__codelineno-15-60" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-61" name = "__codelineno-15-61" href = "#__codelineno-15-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-62" name = "__codelineno-15-62" href = "#__codelineno-15-62" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-63" name = "__codelineno-15-63" href = "#__codelineno-15-63" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-64" name = "__codelineno-15-64" href = "#__codelineno-15-64" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-16-1" name = "__codelineno-16-1" href = "#__codelineno-16-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-2" name = "__codelineno-16-2" href = "#__codelineno-16-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-3" name = "__codelineno-16-3" href = "#__codelineno-16-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-4" name = "__codelineno-16-4" href = "#__codelineno-16-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-5" name = "__codelineno-16-5" href = "#__codelineno-16-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-6" name = "__codelineno-16-6" href = "#__codelineno-16-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-7" name = "__codelineno-16-7" href = "#__codelineno-16-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-8" name = "__codelineno-16-8" href = "#__codelineno-16-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-9" name = "__codelineno-16-9" href = "#__codelineno-16-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-10" name = "__codelineno-16-10" href = "#__codelineno-16-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-11" name = "__codelineno-16-11" href = "#__codelineno-16-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-12" name = "__codelineno-16-12" href = "#__codelineno-16-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-13" name = "__codelineno-16-13" href = "#__codelineno-16-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-14" name = "__codelineno-16-14" href = "#__codelineno-16-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-15" name = "__codelineno-16-15" href = "#__codelineno-16-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-16" name = "__codelineno-16-16" href = "#__codelineno-16-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-17" name = "__codelineno-16-17" href = "#__codelineno-16-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-18" name = "__codelineno-16-18" href = "#__codelineno-16-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-19" name = "__codelineno-16-19" href = "#__codelineno-16-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-20" name = "__codelineno-16-20" href = "#__codelineno-16-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-21" name = "__codelineno-16-21" href = "#__codelineno-16-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-22" name = "__codelineno-16-22" href = "#__codelineno-16-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-23" name = "__codelineno-16-23" href = "#__codelineno-16-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-24" name = "__codelineno-16-24" href = "#__codelineno-16-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-25" name = "__codelineno-16-25" href = "#__codelineno-16-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-26" name = "__codelineno-16-26" href = "#__codelineno-16-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-27" name = "__codelineno-16-27" href = "#__codelineno-16-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-28" name = "__codelineno-16-28" href = "#__codelineno-16-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-29" name = "__codelineno-16-29" href = "#__codelineno-16-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-30" name = "__codelineno-16-30" href = "#__codelineno-16-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-31" name = "__codelineno-16-31" href = "#__codelineno-16-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-32" name = "__codelineno-16-32" href = "#__codelineno-16-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-33" name = "__codelineno-16-33" href = "#__codelineno-16-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-34" name = "__codelineno-16-34" href = "#__codelineno-16-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-35" name = "__codelineno-16-35" href = "#__codelineno-16-35" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-36" name = "__codelineno-16-36" href = "#__codelineno-16-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-37" name = "__codelineno-16-37" href = "#__codelineno-16-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-38" name = "__codelineno-16-38" href = "#__codelineno-16-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-39" name = "__codelineno-16-39" href = "#__codelineno-16-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-40" name = "__codelineno-16-40" href = "#__codelineno-16-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-41" name = "__codelineno-16-41" href = "#__codelineno-16-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-42" name = "__codelineno-16-42" href = "#__codelineno-16-42" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-43" name = "__codelineno-16-43" href = "#__codelineno-16-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-44" name = "__codelineno-16-44" href = "#__codelineno-16-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-45" name = "__codelineno-16-45" href = "#__codelineno-16-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-46" name = "__codelineno-16-46" href = "#__codelineno-16-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-47" name = "__codelineno-16-47" href = "#__codelineno-16-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-48" name = "__codelineno-16-48" href = "#__codelineno-16-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-49" name = "__codelineno-16-49" href = "#__codelineno-16-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-50" name = "__codelineno-16-50" href = "#__codelineno-16-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-51" name = "__codelineno-16-51" href = "#__codelineno-16-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-52" name = "__codelineno-16-52" href = "#__codelineno-16-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-53" name = "__codelineno-16-53" href = "#__codelineno-16-53" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-17-1" name = "__codelineno-17-1" href = "#__codelineno-17-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-2" name = "__codelineno-17-2" href = "#__codelineno-17-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-3" name = "__codelineno-17-3" href = "#__codelineno-17-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-4" name = "__codelineno-17-4" href = "#__codelineno-17-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-5" name = "__codelineno-17-5" href = "#__codelineno-17-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-6" name = "__codelineno-17-6" href = "#__codelineno-17-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-7" name = "__codelineno-17-7" href = "#__codelineno-17-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-8" name = "__codelineno-17-8" href = "#__codelineno-17-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-9" name = "__codelineno-17-9" href = "#__codelineno-17-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-10" name = "__codelineno-17-10" href = "#__codelineno-17-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-11" name = "__codelineno-17-11" href = "#__codelineno-17-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-12" name = "__codelineno-17-12" href = "#__codelineno-17-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-13" name = "__codelineno-17-13" href = "#__codelineno-17-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-14" name = "__codelineno-17-14" href = "#__codelineno-17-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-15" name = "__codelineno-17-15" href = "#__codelineno-17-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-16" name = "__codelineno-17-16" href = "#__codelineno-17-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > IsEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-17" name = "__codelineno-17-17" href = "#__codelineno-17-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-18" name = "__codelineno-17-18" href = "#__codelineno-17-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-19" name = "__codelineno-17-19" href = "#__codelineno-17-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-20" name = "__codelineno-17-20" href = "#__codelineno-17-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-21" name = "__codelineno-17-21" href = "#__codelineno-17-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-22" name = "__codelineno-17-22" href = "#__codelineno-17-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-23" name = "__codelineno-17-23" href = "#__codelineno-17-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-24" name = "__codelineno-17-24" href = "#__codelineno-17-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-25" name = "__codelineno-17-25" href = "#__codelineno-17-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-26" name = "__codelineno-17-26" href = "#__codelineno-17-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-27" name = "__codelineno-17-27" href = "#__codelineno-17-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-28" name = "__codelineno-17-28" href = "#__codelineno-17-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-29" name = "__codelineno-17-29" href = "#__codelineno-17-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-30" name = "__codelineno-17-30" href = "#__codelineno-17-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-31" name = "__codelineno-17-31" href = "#__codelineno-17-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-32" name = "__codelineno-17-32" href = "#__codelineno-17-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-33" name = "__codelineno-17-33" href = "#__codelineno-17-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-34" name = "__codelineno-17-34" href = "#__codelineno-17-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-35" name = "__codelineno-17-35" href = "#__codelineno-17-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-36" name = "__codelineno-17-36" href = "#__codelineno-17-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-37" name = "__codelineno-17-37" href = "#__codelineno-17-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-38" name = "__codelineno-17-38" href = "#__codelineno-17-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-39" name = "__codelineno-17-39" href = "#__codelineno-17-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > IsEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-40" name = "__codelineno-17-40" href = "#__codelineno-17-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-41" name = "__codelineno-17-41" href = "#__codelineno-17-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-42" name = "__codelineno-17-42" href = "#__codelineno-17-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-43" name = "__codelineno-17-43" href = "#__codelineno-17-43" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-44" name = "__codelineno-17-44" href = "#__codelineno-17-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-45" name = "__codelineno-17-45" href = "#__codelineno-17-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > ToArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-46" name = "__codelineno-17-46" href = "#__codelineno-17-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-47" name = "__codelineno-17-47" href = "#__codelineno-17-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-48" name = "__codelineno-17-48" href = "#__codelineno-17-48" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-49" name = "__codelineno-17-49" href = "#__codelineno-17-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-50" name = "__codelineno-17-50" href = "#__codelineno-17-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-51" name = "__codelineno-17-51" href = "#__codelineno-17-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-52" name = "__codelineno-17-52" href = "#__codelineno-17-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-53" name = "__codelineno-17-53" href = "#__codelineno-17-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-54" name = "__codelineno-17-54" href = "#__codelineno-17-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-55" name = "__codelineno-17-55" href = "#__codelineno-17-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-56" name = "__codelineno-17-56" href = "#__codelineno-17-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-57" name = "__codelineno-17-57" href = "#__codelineno-17-57" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-18-1" name = "__codelineno-18-1" href = "#__codelineno-18-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-2" name = "__codelineno-18-2" href = "#__codelineno-18-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-3" name = "__codelineno-18-3" href = "#__codelineno-18-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 使用內建包 list 來實現堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-4" name = "__codelineno-18-4" href = "#__codelineno-18-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > List< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-5" name = "__codelineno-18-5" href = "#__codelineno-18-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-6" name = "__codelineno-18-6" href = "#__codelineno-18-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-7" name = "__codelineno-18-7" href = "#__codelineno-18-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-8" name = "__codelineno-18-8" href = "#__codelineno-18-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newLinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-9" name = "__codelineno-18-9" href = "#__codelineno-18-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-10" name = "__codelineno-18-10" href = "#__codelineno-18-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > New< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-11" name = "__codelineno-18-11" href = "#__codelineno-18-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-12" name = "__codelineno-18-12" href = "#__codelineno-18-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-13" name = "__codelineno-18-13" href = "#__codelineno-18-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-14" name = "__codelineno-18-14" href = "#__codelineno-18-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-15" name = "__codelineno-18-15" href = "#__codelineno-18-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-16" name = "__codelineno-18-16" href = "#__codelineno-18-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushBack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-17" name = "__codelineno-18-17" href = "#__codelineno-18-17" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-18" name = "__codelineno-18-18" href = "#__codelineno-18-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-19" name = "__codelineno-18-19" href = "#__codelineno-18-19" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-20" name = "__codelineno-18-20" href = "#__codelineno-18-20" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > any< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-21" name = "__codelineno-18-21" href = "#__codelineno-18-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-22" name = "__codelineno-18-22" href = "#__codelineno-18-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > nil< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-23" name = "__codelineno-18-23" href = "#__codelineno-18-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-24" name = "__codelineno-18-24" href = "#__codelineno-18-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > e< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Back< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-25" name = "__codelineno-18-25" href = "#__codelineno-18-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > e< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-26" name = "__codelineno-18-26" href = "#__codelineno-18-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > e< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-27" name = "__codelineno-18-27" href = "#__codelineno-18-27" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-28" name = "__codelineno-18-28" href = "#__codelineno-18-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-29" name = "__codelineno-18-29" href = "#__codelineno-18-29" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-30" name = "__codelineno-18-30" href = "#__codelineno-18-30" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > any< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-31" name = "__codelineno-18-31" href = "#__codelineno-18-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-32" name = "__codelineno-18-32" href = "#__codelineno-18-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > nil< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-33" name = "__codelineno-18-33" href = "#__codelineno-18-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-34" name = "__codelineno-18-34" href = "#__codelineno-18-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > e< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Back< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-35" name = "__codelineno-18-35" href = "#__codelineno-18-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > e< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-36" name = "__codelineno-18-36" href = "#__codelineno-18-36" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-37" name = "__codelineno-18-37" href = "#__codelineno-18-37" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-38" name = "__codelineno-18-38" href = "#__codelineno-18-38" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-39" name = "__codelineno-18-39" href = "#__codelineno-18-39" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-40" name = "__codelineno-18-40" href = "#__codelineno-18-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-41" name = "__codelineno-18-41" href = "#__codelineno-18-41" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-42" name = "__codelineno-18-42" href = "#__codelineno-18-42" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-43" name = "__codelineno-18-43" href = "#__codelineno-18-43" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-44" name = "__codelineno-18-44" href = "#__codelineno-18-44" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-45" name = "__codelineno-18-45" href = "#__codelineno-18-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-46" name = "__codelineno-18-46" href = "#__codelineno-18-46" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-47" name = "__codelineno-18-47" href = "#__codelineno-18-47" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-48" name = "__codelineno-18-48" href = "#__codelineno-18-48" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取 List 用於列印 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-49" name = "__codelineno-18-49" href = "#__codelineno-18-49" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > linkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toList< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > List< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-50" name = "__codelineno-18-50" href = "#__codelineno-18-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-51" name = "__codelineno-18-51" href = "#__codelineno-18-51" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-19-1" name = "__codelineno-19-1" href = "#__codelineno-19-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-2" name = "__codelineno-19-2" href = "#__codelineno-19-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-3" name = "__codelineno-19-3" href = "#__codelineno-19-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > ?< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-4" name = "__codelineno-19-4" href = "#__codelineno-19-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > _size< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-5" name = "__codelineno-19-5" href = "#__codelineno-19-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-6" name = "__codelineno-19-6" href = "#__codelineno-19-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-7" name = "__codelineno-19-7" href = "#__codelineno-19-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-8" name = "__codelineno-19-8" href = "#__codelineno-19-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-9" name = "__codelineno-19-9" href = "#__codelineno-19-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-10" name = "__codelineno-19-10" href = "#__codelineno-19-10" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-11" name = "__codelineno-19-11" href = "#__codelineno-19-11" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-12" name = "__codelineno-19-12" href = "#__codelineno-19-12" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-13" name = "__codelineno-19-13" href = "#__codelineno-19-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-14" name = "__codelineno-19-14" href = "#__codelineno-19-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-15" name = "__codelineno-19-15" href = "#__codelineno-19-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-16" name = "__codelineno-19-16" href = "#__codelineno-19-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Bool< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-17" name = "__codelineno-19-17" href = "#__codelineno-19-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-18" name = "__codelineno-19-18" href = "#__codelineno-19-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-19" name = "__codelineno-19-19" href = "#__codelineno-19-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-20" name = "__codelineno-19-20" href = "#__codelineno-19-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-21" name = "__codelineno-19-21" href = "#__codelineno-19-21" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-22" name = "__codelineno-19-22" href = "#__codelineno-19-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-23" name = "__codelineno-19-23" href = "#__codelineno-19-23" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-24" name = "__codelineno-19-24" href = "#__codelineno-19-24" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-25" name = "__codelineno-19-25" href = "#__codelineno-19-25" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-26" name = "__codelineno-19-26" href = "#__codelineno-19-26" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-27" name = "__codelineno-19-27" href = "#__codelineno-19-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-28" name = "__codelineno-19-28" href = "#__codelineno-19-28" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-29" name = "__codelineno-19-29" href = "#__codelineno-19-29" > < / a > < span class = "p" > @< / span > < span class = "n" > discardableResult< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-30" name = "__codelineno-19-30" href = "#__codelineno-19-30" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-31" name = "__codelineno-19-31" href = "#__codelineno-19-31" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-32" name = "__codelineno-19-32" href = "#__codelineno-19-32" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ?.< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-33" name = "__codelineno-19-33" href = "#__codelineno-19-33" > < / a > < span class = "n" > _size< / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-34" name = "__codelineno-19-34" href = "#__codelineno-19-34" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-35" name = "__codelineno-19-35" href = "#__codelineno-19-35" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-36" name = "__codelineno-19-36" href = "#__codelineno-19-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-37" name = "__codelineno-19-37" href = "#__codelineno-19-37" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-38" name = "__codelineno-19-38" href = "#__codelineno-19-38" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-39" name = "__codelineno-19-39" href = "#__codelineno-19-39" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-40" name = "__codelineno-19-40" href = "#__codelineno-19-40" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > fatalError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-41" name = "__codelineno-19-41" href = "#__codelineno-19-41" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-42" name = "__codelineno-19-42" href = "#__codelineno-19-42" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span > < span class = "p" > !.< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-43" name = "__codelineno-19-43" href = "#__codelineno-19-43" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-44" name = "__codelineno-19-44" href = "#__codelineno-19-44" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-45" name = "__codelineno-19-45" href = "#__codelineno-19-45" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-46" name = "__codelineno-19-46" href = "#__codelineno-19-46" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-47" name = "__codelineno-19-47" href = "#__codelineno-19-47" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > _peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-48" name = "__codelineno-19-48" href = "#__codelineno-19-48" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-49" name = "__codelineno-19-49" href = "#__codelineno-19-49" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > indices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > reversed< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-50" name = "__codelineno-19-50" href = "#__codelineno-19-50" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > !.< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-51" name = "__codelineno-19-51" href = "#__codelineno-19-51" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ?.< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-52" name = "__codelineno-19-52" href = "#__codelineno-19-52" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-53" name = "__codelineno-19-53" href = "#__codelineno-19-53" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-54" name = "__codelineno-19-54" href = "#__codelineno-19-54" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-55" name = "__codelineno-19-55" href = "#__codelineno-19-55" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-20-1" name = "__codelineno-20-1" href = "#__codelineno-20-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-2" name = "__codelineno-20-2" href = "#__codelineno-20-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-3" name = "__codelineno-20-3" href = "#__codelineno-20-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-4" name = "__codelineno-20-4" href = "#__codelineno-20-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-5" name = "__codelineno-20-5" href = "#__codelineno-20-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-6" name = "__codelineno-20-6" href = "#__codelineno-20-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-7" name = "__codelineno-20-7" href = "#__codelineno-20-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-8" name = "__codelineno-20-8" href = "#__codelineno-20-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-9" name = "__codelineno-20-9" href = "#__codelineno-20-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-10" name = "__codelineno-20-10" href = "#__codelineno-20-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-11" name = "__codelineno-20-11" href = "#__codelineno-20-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-12" name = "__codelineno-20-12" href = "#__codelineno-20-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-13" name = "__codelineno-20-13" href = "#__codelineno-20-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-14" name = "__codelineno-20-14" href = "#__codelineno-20-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-15" name = "__codelineno-20-15" href = "#__codelineno-20-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-16" name = "__codelineno-20-16" href = "#__codelineno-20-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-17" name = "__codelineno-20-17" href = "#__codelineno-20-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-18" name = "__codelineno-20-18" href = "#__codelineno-20-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-19" name = "__codelineno-20-19" href = "#__codelineno-20-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-20" name = "__codelineno-20-20" href = "#__codelineno-20-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-21" name = "__codelineno-20-21" href = "#__codelineno-20-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-22" name = "__codelineno-20-22" href = "#__codelineno-20-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-23" name = "__codelineno-20-23" href = "#__codelineno-20-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-24" name = "__codelineno-20-24" href = "#__codelineno-20-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-25" name = "__codelineno-20-25" href = "#__codelineno-20-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-26" name = "__codelineno-20-26" href = "#__codelineno-20-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-27" name = "__codelineno-20-27" href = "#__codelineno-20-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-28" name = "__codelineno-20-28" href = "#__codelineno-20-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-29" name = "__codelineno-20-29" href = "#__codelineno-20-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-30" name = "__codelineno-20-30" href = "#__codelineno-20-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-31" name = "__codelineno-20-31" href = "#__codelineno-20-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-32" name = "__codelineno-20-32" href = "#__codelineno-20-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-33" name = "__codelineno-20-33" href = "#__codelineno-20-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-34" name = "__codelineno-20-34" href = "#__codelineno-20-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-35" name = "__codelineno-20-35" href = "#__codelineno-20-35" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-36" name = "__codelineno-20-36" href = "#__codelineno-20-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-37" name = "__codelineno-20-37" href = "#__codelineno-20-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-38" name = "__codelineno-20-38" href = "#__codelineno-20-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-39" name = "__codelineno-20-39" href = "#__codelineno-20-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-40" name = "__codelineno-20-40" href = "#__codelineno-20-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-41" name = "__codelineno-20-41" href = "#__codelineno-20-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-42" name = "__codelineno-20-42" href = "#__codelineno-20-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將鏈結串列轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-43" name = "__codelineno-20-43" href = "#__codelineno-20-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-44" name = "__codelineno-20-44" href = "#__codelineno-20-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-45" name = "__codelineno-20-45" href = "#__codelineno-20-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-46" name = "__codelineno-20-46" href = "#__codelineno-20-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-47" name = "__codelineno-20-47" href = "#__codelineno-20-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-48" name = "__codelineno-20-48" href = "#__codelineno-20-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-49" name = "__codelineno-20-49" href = "#__codelineno-20-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-50" name = "__codelineno-20-50" href = "#__codelineno-20-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-51" name = "__codelineno-20-51" href = "#__codelineno-20-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-52" name = "__codelineno-20-52" href = "#__codelineno-20-52" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-21-1" name = "__codelineno-21-1" href = "#__codelineno-21-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-2" name = "__codelineno-21-2" href = "#__codelineno-21-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-3" name = "__codelineno-21-3" href = "#__codelineno-21-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-4" name = "__codelineno-21-4" href = "#__codelineno-21-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-5" name = "__codelineno-21-5" href = "#__codelineno-21-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-6" name = "__codelineno-21-6" href = "#__codelineno-21-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-7" name = "__codelineno-21-7" href = "#__codelineno-21-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-8" name = "__codelineno-21-8" href = "#__codelineno-21-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-9" name = "__codelineno-21-9" href = "#__codelineno-21-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-10" name = "__codelineno-21-10" href = "#__codelineno-21-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-11" name = "__codelineno-21-11" href = "#__codelineno-21-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-12" name = "__codelineno-21-12" href = "#__codelineno-21-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-13" name = "__codelineno-21-13" href = "#__codelineno-21-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-14" name = "__codelineno-21-14" href = "#__codelineno-21-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-15" name = "__codelineno-21-15" href = "#__codelineno-21-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-16" name = "__codelineno-21-16" href = "#__codelineno-21-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-17" name = "__codelineno-21-17" href = "#__codelineno-21-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-18" name = "__codelineno-21-18" href = "#__codelineno-21-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-19" name = "__codelineno-21-19" href = "#__codelineno-21-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-20" name = "__codelineno-21-20" href = "#__codelineno-21-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-21" name = "__codelineno-21-21" href = "#__codelineno-21-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-22" name = "__codelineno-21-22" href = "#__codelineno-21-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-23" name = "__codelineno-21-23" href = "#__codelineno-21-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-24" name = "__codelineno-21-24" href = "#__codelineno-21-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-25" name = "__codelineno-21-25" href = "#__codelineno-21-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-26" name = "__codelineno-21-26" href = "#__codelineno-21-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-27" name = "__codelineno-21-27" href = "#__codelineno-21-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-28" name = "__codelineno-21-28" href = "#__codelineno-21-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-29" name = "__codelineno-21-29" href = "#__codelineno-21-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-30" name = "__codelineno-21-30" href = "#__codelineno-21-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-31" name = "__codelineno-21-31" href = "#__codelineno-21-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-32" name = "__codelineno-21-32" href = "#__codelineno-21-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-33" name = "__codelineno-21-33" href = "#__codelineno-21-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-34" name = "__codelineno-21-34" href = "#__codelineno-21-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-35" name = "__codelineno-21-35" href = "#__codelineno-21-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-36" name = "__codelineno-21-36" href = "#__codelineno-21-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-37" name = "__codelineno-21-37" href = "#__codelineno-21-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-38" name = "__codelineno-21-38" href = "#__codelineno-21-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-39" name = "__codelineno-21-39" href = "#__codelineno-21-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-40" name = "__codelineno-21-40" href = "#__codelineno-21-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-41" name = "__codelineno-21-41" href = "#__codelineno-21-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-42" name = "__codelineno-21-42" href = "#__codelineno-21-42" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-43" name = "__codelineno-21-43" href = "#__codelineno-21-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將鏈結串列轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-44" name = "__codelineno-21-44" href = "#__codelineno-21-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-45" name = "__codelineno-21-45" href = "#__codelineno-21-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-46" name = "__codelineno-21-46" href = "#__codelineno-21-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-47" name = "__codelineno-21-47" href = "#__codelineno-21-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-48" name = "__codelineno-21-48" href = "#__codelineno-21-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-49" name = "__codelineno-21-49" href = "#__codelineno-21-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-50" name = "__codelineno-21-50" href = "#__codelineno-21-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-51" name = "__codelineno-21-51" href = "#__codelineno-21-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-52" name = "__codelineno-21-52" href = "#__codelineno-21-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-53" name = "__codelineno-21-53" href = "#__codelineno-21-53" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-22-1" name = "__codelineno-22-1" href = "#__codelineno-22-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列類別實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-2" name = "__codelineno-22-2" href = "#__codelineno-22-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-3" name = "__codelineno-22-3" href = "#__codelineno-22-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-4" name = "__codelineno-22-4" href = "#__codelineno-22-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-5" name = "__codelineno-22-5" href = "#__codelineno-22-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-6" name = "__codelineno-22-6" href = "#__codelineno-22-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-7" name = "__codelineno-22-7" href = "#__codelineno-22-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-8" name = "__codelineno-22-8" href = "#__codelineno-22-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-9" name = "__codelineno-22-9" href = "#__codelineno-22-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-10" name = "__codelineno-22-10" href = "#__codelineno-22-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-11" name = "__codelineno-22-11" href = "#__codelineno-22-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-12" name = "__codelineno-22-12" href = "#__codelineno-22-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-13" name = "__codelineno-22-13" href = "#__codelineno-22-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-14" name = "__codelineno-22-14" href = "#__codelineno-22-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-15" name = "__codelineno-22-15" href = "#__codelineno-22-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-16" name = "__codelineno-22-16" href = "#__codelineno-22-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-17" name = "__codelineno-22-17" href = "#__codelineno-22-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stkSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-18" name = "__codelineno-22-18" href = "#__codelineno-22-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-19" name = "__codelineno-22-19" href = "#__codelineno-22-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-20" name = "__codelineno-22-20" href = "#__codelineno-22-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-21" name = "__codelineno-22-21" href = "#__codelineno-22-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-22" name = "__codelineno-22-22" href = "#__codelineno-22-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > final< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-23" name = "__codelineno-22-23" href = "#__codelineno-22-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-24" name = "__codelineno-22-24" href = "#__codelineno-22-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-25" name = "__codelineno-22-25" href = "#__codelineno-22-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-26" name = "__codelineno-22-26" href = "#__codelineno-22-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-27" name = "__codelineno-22-27" href = "#__codelineno-22-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-28" name = "__codelineno-22-28" href = "#__codelineno-22-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-29" name = "__codelineno-22-29" href = "#__codelineno-22-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-30" name = "__codelineno-22-30" href = "#__codelineno-22-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > final< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-31" name = "__codelineno-22-31" href = "#__codelineno-22-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-32" name = "__codelineno-22-32" href = "#__codelineno-22-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-33" name = "__codelineno-22-33" href = "#__codelineno-22-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-34" name = "__codelineno-22-34" href = "#__codelineno-22-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-35" name = "__codelineno-22-35" href = "#__codelineno-22-35" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-36" name = "__codelineno-22-36" href = "#__codelineno-22-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-37" name = "__codelineno-22-37" href = "#__codelineno-22-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-38" name = "__codelineno-22-38" href = "#__codelineno-22-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-39" name = "__codelineno-22-39" href = "#__codelineno-22-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-40" name = "__codelineno-22-40" href = "#__codelineno-22-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-41" name = "__codelineno-22-41" href = "#__codelineno-22-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-42" name = "__codelineno-22-42" href = "#__codelineno-22-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-43" name = "__codelineno-22-43" href = "#__codelineno-22-43" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-44" name = "__codelineno-22-44" href = "#__codelineno-22-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將鏈結串列轉化為 List 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-45" name = "__codelineno-22-45" href = "#__codelineno-22-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toList< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-46" name = "__codelineno-22-46" href = "#__codelineno-22-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-47" name = "__codelineno-22-47" href = "#__codelineno-22-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > list< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-48" name = "__codelineno-22-48" href = "#__codelineno-22-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-49" name = "__codelineno-22-49" href = "#__codelineno-22-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-50" name = "__codelineno-22-50" href = "#__codelineno-22-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-51" name = "__codelineno-22-51" href = "#__codelineno-22-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-52" name = "__codelineno-22-52" href = "#__codelineno-22-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > list< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > reversed< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > toList< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-53" name = "__codelineno-22-53" href = "#__codelineno-22-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-54" name = "__codelineno-22-54" href = "#__codelineno-22-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-55" name = "__codelineno-22-55" href = "#__codelineno-22-55" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-23-1" name = "__codelineno-23-1" href = "#__codelineno-23-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-2" name = "__codelineno-23-2" href = "#__codelineno-23-2" > < / a > < span class = "cp" > #[allow(dead_code)]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-3" name = "__codelineno-23-3" href = "#__codelineno-23-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-4" name = "__codelineno-23-4" href = "#__codelineno-23-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-5" name = "__codelineno-23-5" href = "#__codelineno-23-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > : < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-6" name = "__codelineno-23-6" href = "#__codelineno-23-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-7" name = "__codelineno-23-7" href = "#__codelineno-23-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-8" name = "__codelineno-23-8" href = "#__codelineno-23-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > impl< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Copy< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-9" name = "__codelineno-23-9" href = "#__codelineno-23-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nc" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-10" name = "__codelineno-23-10" href = "#__codelineno-23-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-11" name = "__codelineno-23-11" href = "#__codelineno-23-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > : < span class = "nb" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-12" name = "__codelineno-23-12" href = "#__codelineno-23-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > : < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-13" name = "__codelineno-23-13" href = "#__codelineno-23-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-14" name = "__codelineno-23-14" href = "#__codelineno-23-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-15" name = "__codelineno-23-15" href = "#__codelineno-23-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-16" name = "__codelineno-23-16" href = "#__codelineno-23-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-17" name = "__codelineno-23-17" href = "#__codelineno-23-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-18" name = "__codelineno-23-18" href = "#__codelineno-23-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-19" name = "__codelineno-23-19" href = "#__codelineno-23-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-20" name = "__codelineno-23-20" href = "#__codelineno-23-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-21" name = "__codelineno-23-21" href = "#__codelineno-23-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-22" name = "__codelineno-23-22" href = "#__codelineno-23-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-23" name = "__codelineno-23-23" href = "#__codelineno-23-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-24" name = "__codelineno-23-24" href = "#__codelineno-23-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-25" name = "__codelineno-23-25" href = "#__codelineno-23-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-26" name = "__codelineno-23-26" href = "#__codelineno-23-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-27" name = "__codelineno-23-27" href = "#__codelineno-23-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > : < span class = "nc" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-28" name = "__codelineno-23-28" href = "#__codelineno-23-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-29" name = "__codelineno-23-29" href = "#__codelineno-23-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow_mut< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > take< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-30" name = "__codelineno-23-30" href = "#__codelineno-23-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-31" name = "__codelineno-23-31" href = "#__codelineno-23-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-32" name = "__codelineno-23-32" href = "#__codelineno-23-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-33" name = "__codelineno-23-33" href = "#__codelineno-23-33" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-34" name = "__codelineno-23-34" href = "#__codelineno-23-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-35" name = "__codelineno-23-35" href = "#__codelineno-23-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-36" name = "__codelineno-23-36" href = "#__codelineno-23-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > take< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "n" > old_head< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-37" name = "__codelineno-23-37" href = "#__codelineno-23-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > match< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > old_head< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow_mut< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > take< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-38" name = "__codelineno-23-38" href = "#__codelineno-23-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > new_head< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-39" name = "__codelineno-23-39" href = "#__codelineno-23-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > new_head< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-40" name = "__codelineno-23-40" href = "#__codelineno-23-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-41" name = "__codelineno-23-41" href = "#__codelineno-23-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > None< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-42" name = "__codelineno-23-42" href = "#__codelineno-23-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-43" name = "__codelineno-23-43" href = "#__codelineno-23-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-44" name = "__codelineno-23-44" href = "#__codelineno-23-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-45" name = "__codelineno-23-45" href = "#__codelineno-23-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-46" name = "__codelineno-23-46" href = "#__codelineno-23-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > ::< span class = "n" > try_unwrap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > old_head< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > ok< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > unwrap< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > into_inner< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-47" name = "__codelineno-23-47" href = "#__codelineno-23-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > })< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-48" name = "__codelineno-23-48" href = "#__codelineno-23-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-49" name = "__codelineno-23-49" href = "#__codelineno-23-49" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-50" name = "__codelineno-23-50" href = "#__codelineno-23-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-51" name = "__codelineno-23-51" href = "#__codelineno-23-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < & < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-52" name = "__codelineno-23-52" href = "#__codelineno-23-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_peek< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > as_ref< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-53" name = "__codelineno-23-53" href = "#__codelineno-23-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-54" name = "__codelineno-23-54" href = "#__codelineno-23-54" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-55" name = "__codelineno-23-55" href = "#__codelineno-23-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-56" name = "__codelineno-23-56" href = "#__codelineno-23-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > to_array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > head< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < & < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-57" name = "__codelineno-23-57" href = "#__codelineno-23-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > head< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-58" name = "__codelineno-23-58" href = "#__codelineno-23-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > as_ref< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-59" name = "__codelineno-23-59" href = "#__codelineno-23-59" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-60" name = "__codelineno-23-60" href = "#__codelineno-23-60" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-61" name = "__codelineno-23-61" href = "#__codelineno-23-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-62" name = "__codelineno-23-62" href = "#__codelineno-23-62" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-63" name = "__codelineno-23-63" href = "#__codelineno-23-63" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-64" name = "__codelineno-23-64" href = "#__codelineno-23-64" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-24-1" name = "__codelineno-24-1" href = "#__codelineno-24-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-2" name = "__codelineno-24-2" href = "#__codelineno-24-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > typedef< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-3" name = "__codelineno-24-3" href = "#__codelineno-24-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-4" name = "__codelineno-24-4" href = "#__codelineno-24-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-5" name = "__codelineno-24-5" href = "#__codelineno-24-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-6" name = "__codelineno-24-6" href = "#__codelineno-24-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-7" name = "__codelineno-24-7" href = "#__codelineno-24-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 建構子 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-8" name = "__codelineno-24-8" href = "#__codelineno-24-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nf" > newLinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-9" name = "__codelineno-24-9" href = "#__codelineno-24-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-10" name = "__codelineno-24-10" href = "#__codelineno-24-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > NULL< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-11" name = "__codelineno-24-11" href = "#__codelineno-24-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-12" name = "__codelineno-24-12" href = "#__codelineno-24-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-13" name = "__codelineno-24-13" href = "#__codelineno-24-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-14" name = "__codelineno-24-14" href = "#__codelineno-24-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-15" name = "__codelineno-24-15" href = "#__codelineno-24-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 析構函式 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-16" name = "__codelineno-24-16" href = "#__codelineno-24-16" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > delLinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-17" name = "__codelineno-24-17" href = "#__codelineno-24-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-18" name = "__codelineno-24-18" href = "#__codelineno-24-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-19" name = "__codelineno-24-19" href = "#__codelineno-24-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-20" name = "__codelineno-24-20" href = "#__codelineno-24-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-21" name = "__codelineno-24-21" href = "#__codelineno-24-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-22" name = "__codelineno-24-22" href = "#__codelineno-24-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-23" name = "__codelineno-24-23" href = "#__codelineno-24-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-24" name = "__codelineno-24-24" href = "#__codelineno-24-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-25" name = "__codelineno-24-25" href = "#__codelineno-24-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-26" name = "__codelineno-24-26" href = "#__codelineno-24-26" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-27" name = "__codelineno-24-27" href = "#__codelineno-24-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-28" name = "__codelineno-24-28" href = "#__codelineno-24-28" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-29" name = "__codelineno-24-29" href = "#__codelineno-24-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-30" name = "__codelineno-24-30" href = "#__codelineno-24-30" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-31" name = "__codelineno-24-31" href = "#__codelineno-24-31" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-32" name = "__codelineno-24-32" href = "#__codelineno-24-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-33" name = "__codelineno-24-33" href = "#__codelineno-24-33" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-34" name = "__codelineno-24-34" href = "#__codelineno-24-34" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-35" name = "__codelineno-24-35" href = "#__codelineno-24-35" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-36" name = "__codelineno-24-36" href = "#__codelineno-24-36" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-37" name = "__codelineno-24-37" href = "#__codelineno-24-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-38" name = "__codelineno-24-38" href = "#__codelineno-24-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 更新新加節點指標域< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-39" name = "__codelineno-24-39" href = "#__codelineno-24-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 更新新加節點資料域< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-40" name = "__codelineno-24-40" href = "#__codelineno-24-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 更新堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-41" name = "__codelineno-24-41" href = "#__codelineno-24-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 更新堆疊大小< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-42" name = "__codelineno-24-42" href = "#__codelineno-24-42" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-43" name = "__codelineno-24-43" href = "#__codelineno-24-43" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-44" name = "__codelineno-24-44" href = "#__codelineno-24-44" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-45" name = "__codelineno-24-45" href = "#__codelineno-24-45" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-46" name = "__codelineno-24-46" href = "#__codelineno-24-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-47" name = "__codelineno-24-47" href = "#__codelineno-24-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空< / span > < span class = "se" > \n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-48" name = "__codelineno-24-48" href = "#__codelineno-24-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > INT_MAX< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-49" name = "__codelineno-24-49" href = "#__codelineno-24-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-50" name = "__codelineno-24-50" href = "#__codelineno-24-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-51" name = "__codelineno-24-51" href = "#__codelineno-24-51" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-52" name = "__codelineno-24-52" href = "#__codelineno-24-52" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-53" name = "__codelineno-24-53" href = "#__codelineno-24-53" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-54" name = "__codelineno-24-54" href = "#__codelineno-24-54" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-55" name = "__codelineno-24-55" href = "#__codelineno-24-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-56" name = "__codelineno-24-56" href = "#__codelineno-24-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-57" name = "__codelineno-24-57" href = "#__codelineno-24-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-58" name = "__codelineno-24-58" href = "#__codelineno-24-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 釋放記憶體< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-59" name = "__codelineno-24-59" href = "#__codelineno-24-59" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-60" name = "__codelineno-24-60" href = "#__codelineno-24-60" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > s< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-61" name = "__codelineno-24-61" href = "#__codelineno-24-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-62" name = "__codelineno-24-62" href = "#__codelineno-24-62" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-25-1" name = "__codelineno-25-1" href = "#__codelineno-25-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-2" name = "__codelineno-25-2" href = "#__codelineno-25-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-3" name = "__codelineno-25-3" href = "#__codelineno-25-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode? < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-4" name = "__codelineno-25-4" href = "#__codelineno-25-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-5" name = "__codelineno-25-5" href = "#__codelineno-25-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-6" name = "__codelineno-25-6" href = "#__codelineno-25-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-7" name = "__codelineno-25-7" href = "#__codelineno-25-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-8" name = "__codelineno-25-8" href = "#__codelineno-25-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-9" name = "__codelineno-25-9" href = "#__codelineno-25-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-10" name = "__codelineno-25-10" href = "#__codelineno-25-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-11" name = "__codelineno-25-11" href = "#__codelineno-25-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-12" name = "__codelineno-25-12" href = "#__codelineno-25-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-13" name = "__codelineno-25-13" href = "#__codelineno-25-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-14" name = "__codelineno-25-14" href = "#__codelineno-25-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-15" name = "__codelineno-25-15" href = "#__codelineno-25-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-16" name = "__codelineno-25-16" href = "#__codelineno-25-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-17" name = "__codelineno-25-17" href = "#__codelineno-25-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-18" name = "__codelineno-25-18" href = "#__codelineno-25-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-19" name = "__codelineno-25-19" href = "#__codelineno-25-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-20" name = "__codelineno-25-20" href = "#__codelineno-25-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-21" name = "__codelineno-25-21" href = "#__codelineno-25-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-22" name = "__codelineno-25-22" href = "#__codelineno-25-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-23" name = "__codelineno-25-23" href = "#__codelineno-25-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-24" name = "__codelineno-25-24" href = "#__codelineno-25-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-25" name = "__codelineno-25-25" href = "#__codelineno-25-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-26" name = "__codelineno-25-26" href = "#__codelineno-25-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-27" name = "__codelineno-25-27" href = "#__codelineno-25-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-28" name = "__codelineno-25-28" href = "#__codelineno-25-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > ?.< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span >
2024-04-13 21:17:50 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-29" name = "__codelineno-25-29" href = "#__codelineno-25-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stkSize< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-30" name = "__codelineno-25-30" href = "#__codelineno-25-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-31" name = "__codelineno-25-31" href = "#__codelineno-25-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-32" name = "__codelineno-25-32" href = "#__codelineno-25-32" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-33" name = "__codelineno-25-33" href = "#__codelineno-25-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-34" name = "__codelineno-25-34" href = "#__codelineno-25-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-35" name = "__codelineno-25-35" href = "#__codelineno-25-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-36" name = "__codelineno-25-36" href = "#__codelineno-25-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span > < span class = "o" > ?.< / span > < span class = "na" > _val< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-37" name = "__codelineno-25-37" href = "#__codelineno-25-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-38" name = "__codelineno-25-38" href = "#__codelineno-25-38" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-39" name = "__codelineno-25-39" href = "#__codelineno-25-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-40" name = "__codelineno-25-40" href = "#__codelineno-25-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-41" name = "__codelineno-25-41" href = "#__codelineno-25-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stackPeek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-42" name = "__codelineno-25-42" href = "#__codelineno-25-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-43" name = "__codelineno-25-43" href = "#__codelineno-25-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > downTo< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-44" name = "__codelineno-25-44" href = "#__codelineno-25-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > ?.< / span > < span class = "na" > _val< / span > < span class = "o" > !!< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-45" name = "__codelineno-25-45" href = "#__codelineno-25-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-46" name = "__codelineno-25-46" href = "#__codelineno-25-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-47" name = "__codelineno-25-47" href = "#__codelineno-25-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-48" name = "__codelineno-25-48" href = "#__codelineno-25-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-49" name = "__codelineno-25-49" href = "#__codelineno-25-49" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.rb< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-26-1" name = "__codelineno-26-1" href = "#__codelineno-26-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > ### 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-2" name = "__codelineno-26-2" href = "#__codelineno-26-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > LinkedListStack< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-3" name = "__codelineno-26-3" href = "#__codelineno-26-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kp" > attr_reader< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ss" > :size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-4" name = "__codelineno-26-4" href = "#__codelineno-26-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-5" name = "__codelineno-26-5" href = "#__codelineno-26-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 建構子 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-6" name = "__codelineno-26-6" href = "#__codelineno-26-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > initialize< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-7" name = "__codelineno-26-7" href = "#__codelineno-26-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-8" name = "__codelineno-26-8" href = "#__codelineno-26-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-9" name = "__codelineno-26-9" href = "#__codelineno-26-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-10" name = "__codelineno-26-10" href = "#__codelineno-26-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 判斷堆疊是否為空 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-11" name = "__codelineno-26-11" href = "#__codelineno-26-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-12" name = "__codelineno-26-12" href = "#__codelineno-26-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > nil?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-13" name = "__codelineno-26-13" href = "#__codelineno-26-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-14" name = "__codelineno-26-14" href = "#__codelineno-26-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-15" name = "__codelineno-26-15" href = "#__codelineno-26-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 入堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-16" name = "__codelineno-26-16" href = "#__codelineno-26-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-17" name = "__codelineno-26-17" href = "#__codelineno-26-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "no" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-18" name = "__codelineno-26-18" href = "#__codelineno-26-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-19" name = "__codelineno-26-19" href = "#__codelineno-26-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-20" name = "__codelineno-26-20" href = "#__codelineno-26-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-21" name = "__codelineno-26-21" href = "#__codelineno-26-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-22" name = "__codelineno-26-22" href = "#__codelineno-26-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-23" name = "__codelineno-26-23" href = "#__codelineno-26-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 出堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-24" name = "__codelineno-26-24" href = "#__codelineno-26-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-25" name = "__codelineno-26-25" href = "#__codelineno-26-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-26" name = "__codelineno-26-26" href = "#__codelineno-26-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-27" name = "__codelineno-26-27" href = "#__codelineno-26-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-28" name = "__codelineno-26-28" href = "#__codelineno-26-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-29" name = "__codelineno-26-29" href = "#__codelineno-26-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-30" name = "__codelineno-26-30" href = "#__codelineno-26-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-31" name = "__codelineno-26-31" href = "#__codelineno-26-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 訪問堆疊頂元素 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-32" name = "__codelineno-26-32" href = "#__codelineno-26-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-33" name = "__codelineno-26-33" href = "#__codelineno-26-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "no" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-34" name = "__codelineno-26-34" href = "#__codelineno-26-34" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-35" name = "__codelineno-26-35" href = "#__codelineno-26-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-36" name = "__codelineno-26-36" href = "#__codelineno-26-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-37" name = "__codelineno-26-37" href = "#__codelineno-26-37" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-38" name = "__codelineno-26-38" href = "#__codelineno-26-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 將鏈結串列轉化為 Array 並反回 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-39" name = "__codelineno-26-39" href = "#__codelineno-26-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > to_array< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-40" name = "__codelineno-26-40" href = "#__codelineno-26-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-41" name = "__codelineno-26-41" href = "#__codelineno-26-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-42" name = "__codelineno-26-42" href = "#__codelineno-26-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-43" name = "__codelineno-26-43" href = "#__codelineno-26-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-44" name = "__codelineno-26-44" href = "#__codelineno-26-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-45" name = "__codelineno-26-45" href = "#__codelineno-26-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-46" name = "__codelineno-26-46" href = "#__codelineno-26-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > arr< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > reverse< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-47" name = "__codelineno-26-47" href = "#__codelineno-26-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-48" name = "__codelineno-26-48" href = "#__codelineno-26-48" > < / a > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_stack.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-27-1" name = "__codelineno-27-1" href = "#__codelineno-27-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-2" name = "__codelineno-27-2" href = "#__codelineno-27-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListStack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > comptime< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > type< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-3" name = "__codelineno-27-3" href = "#__codelineno-27-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-4" name = "__codelineno-27-4" href = "#__codelineno-27-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @This< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-5" name = "__codelineno-27-5" href = "#__codelineno-27-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-6" name = "__codelineno-27-6" href = "#__codelineno-27-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ?*< / span > < span class = "n" > inc< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將頭節點作為堆疊頂< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-7" name = "__codelineno-27-7" href = "#__codelineno-27-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-8" name = "__codelineno-27-8" href = "#__codelineno-27-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArenaAllocator< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-9" name = "__codelineno-27-9" href = "#__codelineno-27-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Allocator< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > undefined< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 記憶體分配器< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-10" name = "__codelineno-27-10" href = "#__codelineno-27-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-11" name = "__codelineno-27-11" href = "#__codelineno-27-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 建構子（分配記憶體+初始化堆疊）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-12" name = "__codelineno-27-12" href = "#__codelineno-27-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > allocator< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-13" name = "__codelineno-27-13" href = "#__codelineno-27-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-14" name = "__codelineno-27-14" href = "#__codelineno-27-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArenaAllocator< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-15" name = "__codelineno-27-15" href = "#__codelineno-27-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-16" name = "__codelineno-27-16" href = "#__codelineno-27-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-17" name = "__codelineno-27-17" href = "#__codelineno-27-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-18" name = "__codelineno-27-18" href = "#__codelineno-27-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-19" name = "__codelineno-27-19" href = "#__codelineno-27-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-20" name = "__codelineno-27-20" href = "#__codelineno-27-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-21" name = "__codelineno-27-21" href = "#__codelineno-27-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 析構函式（釋放記憶體）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-22" name = "__codelineno-27-22" href = "#__codelineno-27-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-23" name = "__codelineno-27-23" href = "#__codelineno-27-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-24" name = "__codelineno-27-24" href = "#__codelineno-27-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_arena< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-25" name = "__codelineno-27-25" href = "#__codelineno-27-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-26" name = "__codelineno-27-26" href = "#__codelineno-27-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-27" name = "__codelineno-27-27" href = "#__codelineno-27-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 獲取堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-28" name = "__codelineno-27-28" href = "#__codelineno-27-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-29" name = "__codelineno-27-29" href = "#__codelineno-27-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-30" name = "__codelineno-27-30" href = "#__codelineno-27-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-31" name = "__codelineno-27-31" href = "#__codelineno-27-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-32" name = "__codelineno-27-32" href = "#__codelineno-27-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 判斷堆疊是否為空< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-33" name = "__codelineno-27-33" href = "#__codelineno-27-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-34" name = "__codelineno-27-34" href = "#__codelineno-27-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-35" name = "__codelineno-27-35" href = "#__codelineno-27-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-36" name = "__codelineno-27-36" href = "#__codelineno-27-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-37" name = "__codelineno-27-37" href = "#__codelineno-27-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 訪問堆疊頂元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-38" name = "__codelineno-27-38" href = "#__codelineno-27-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-39" name = "__codelineno-27-39" href = "#__codelineno-27-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @panic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-40" name = "__codelineno-27-40" href = "#__codelineno-27-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-41" name = "__codelineno-27-41" href = "#__codelineno-27-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-42" name = "__codelineno-27-42" href = "#__codelineno-27-42" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-43" name = "__codelineno-27-43" href = "#__codelineno-27-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 入堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-44" name = "__codelineno-27-44" href = "#__codelineno-27-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-45" name = "__codelineno-27-45" href = "#__codelineno-27-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > create< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > inc< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-46" name = "__codelineno-27-46" href = "#__codelineno-27-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-47" name = "__codelineno-27-47" href = "#__codelineno-27-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-48" name = "__codelineno-27-48" href = "#__codelineno-27-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-49" name = "__codelineno-27-49" href = "#__codelineno-27-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-50" name = "__codelineno-27-50" href = "#__codelineno-27-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-51" name = "__codelineno-27-51" href = "#__codelineno-27-51" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-52" name = "__codelineno-27-52" href = "#__codelineno-27-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 出堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-53" name = "__codelineno-27-53" href = "#__codelineno-27-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-54" name = "__codelineno-27-54" href = "#__codelineno-27-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-55" name = "__codelineno-27-55" href = "#__codelineno-27-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-56" name = "__codelineno-27-56" href = "#__codelineno-27-56" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stk_size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-57" name = "__codelineno-27-57" href = "#__codelineno-27-57" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-58" name = "__codelineno-27-58" href = "#__codelineno-27-58" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-59" name = "__codelineno-27-59" href = "#__codelineno-27-59" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-60" name = "__codelineno-27-60" href = "#__codelineno-27-60" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 將堆疊轉換為陣列< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-61" name = "__codelineno-27-61" href = "#__codelineno-27-61" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-62" name = "__codelineno-27-62" href = "#__codelineno-27-62" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack_top< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-63" name = "__codelineno-27-63" href = "#__codelineno-27-63" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > alloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-64" name = "__codelineno-27-64" href = "#__codelineno-27-64" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @memset< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @as< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-65" name = "__codelineno-27-65" href = "#__codelineno-27-65" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-66" name = "__codelineno-27-66" href = "#__codelineno-27-66" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-67" name = "__codelineno-27-67" href = "#__codelineno-27-67" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-68" name = "__codelineno-27-68" href = "#__codelineno-27-68" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
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< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > 視覺化執行< / summary >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
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2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< / details >
< h3 id = "2" > 2. 基於陣列的實現< a class = "headerlink" href = "#2" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > 使用陣列實現堆疊時，我們可以將陣列的尾部作為堆疊頂。如圖 5-3 所示，入堆疊與出堆疊操作分別對應在陣列尾部新增元素與刪除元素，時間複雜度都為 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > 。< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "4:3" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_4_1" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_2" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_3" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_4_1" > ArrayStack< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_2" > push()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_3" > pop()< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "基於陣列實現堆疊的入堆疊出堆疊操作" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_stack_push" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_stack_pop" class = "animation-figure" src = "../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< p align = "center" > 圖 5-3 基於陣列實現堆疊的入堆疊出堆疊操作 < / p >
< p > 由於入堆疊的元素可能會源源不斷地增加，因此我們可以使用動態陣列，這樣就無須自行處理陣列擴容問題。以下為示例程式碼：< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-28-1" name = "__codelineno-28-1" href = "#__codelineno-28-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-2" name = "__codelineno-28-2" href = "#__codelineno-28-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 基於陣列實現的堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-3" name = "__codelineno-28-3" href = "#__codelineno-28-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-4" name = "__codelineno-28-4" href = "#__codelineno-28-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "fm" > __init__< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-5" name = "__codelineno-28-5" href = "#__codelineno-28-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 建構子" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-6" name = "__codelineno-28-6" href = "#__codelineno-28-6" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-7" name = "__codelineno-28-7" href = "#__codelineno-28-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-8" name = "__codelineno-28-8" href = "#__codelineno-28-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-9" name = "__codelineno-28-9" href = "#__codelineno-28-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 獲取堆疊的長度" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-10" name = "__codelineno-28-10" href = "#__codelineno-28-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-11" name = "__codelineno-28-11" href = "#__codelineno-28-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-12" name = "__codelineno-28-12" href = "#__codelineno-28-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-13" name = "__codelineno-28-13" href = "#__codelineno-28-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 判斷堆疊是否為空" " " < / span >
2024-04-22 02:35:48 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-28-14" name = "__codelineno-28-14" href = "#__codelineno-28-14" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-28-15" name = "__codelineno-28-15" href = "#__codelineno-28-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-16" name = "__codelineno-28-16" href = "#__codelineno-28-16" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > item< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-17" name = "__codelineno-28-17" href = "#__codelineno-28-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 入堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-18" name = "__codelineno-28-18" href = "#__codelineno-28-18" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > item< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-19" name = "__codelineno-28-19" href = "#__codelineno-28-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-20" name = "__codelineno-28-20" href = "#__codelineno-28-20" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-21" name = "__codelineno-28-21" href = "#__codelineno-28-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 出堆疊" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-22" name = "__codelineno-28-22" href = "#__codelineno-28-22" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-23" name = "__codelineno-28-23" href = "#__codelineno-28-23" > < / a > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "ne" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-24" name = "__codelineno-28-24" href = "#__codelineno-28-24" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-25" name = "__codelineno-28-25" href = "#__codelineno-28-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-26" name = "__codelineno-28-26" href = "#__codelineno-28-26" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-27" name = "__codelineno-28-27" href = "#__codelineno-28-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 訪問堆疊頂元素" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-28" name = "__codelineno-28-28" href = "#__codelineno-28-28" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-29" name = "__codelineno-28-29" href = "#__codelineno-28-29" > < / a > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "ne" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-30" name = "__codelineno-28-30" href = "#__codelineno-28-30" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-31" name = "__codelineno-28-31" href = "#__codelineno-28-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-32" name = "__codelineno-28-32" href = "#__codelineno-28-32" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > to_list< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-33" name = "__codelineno-28-33" href = "#__codelineno-28-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 返回串列用於列印" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-34" name = "__codelineno-28-34" href = "#__codelineno-28-34" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-29-1" name = "__codelineno-29-1" href = "#__codelineno-29-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-2" name = "__codelineno-29-2" href = "#__codelineno-29-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-3" name = "__codelineno-29-3" href = "#__codelineno-29-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-4" name = "__codelineno-29-4" href = "#__codelineno-29-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-5" name = "__codelineno-29-5" href = "#__codelineno-29-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-6" name = "__codelineno-29-6" href = "#__codelineno-29-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-7" name = "__codelineno-29-7" href = "#__codelineno-29-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-8" name = "__codelineno-29-8" href = "#__codelineno-29-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-9" name = "__codelineno-29-9" href = "#__codelineno-29-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-10" name = "__codelineno-29-10" href = "#__codelineno-29-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-11" name = "__codelineno-29-11" href = "#__codelineno-29-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-12" name = "__codelineno-29-12" href = "#__codelineno-29-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-13" name = "__codelineno-29-13" href = "#__codelineno-29-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-14" name = "__codelineno-29-14" href = "#__codelineno-29-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-15" name = "__codelineno-29-15" href = "#__codelineno-29-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-16" name = "__codelineno-29-16" href = "#__codelineno-29-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-17" name = "__codelineno-29-17" href = "#__codelineno-29-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-18" name = "__codelineno-29-18" href = "#__codelineno-29-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-19" name = "__codelineno-29-19" href = "#__codelineno-29-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-20" name = "__codelineno-29-20" href = "#__codelineno-29-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-21" name = "__codelineno-29-21" href = "#__codelineno-29-21" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-22" name = "__codelineno-29-22" href = "#__codelineno-29-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-23" name = "__codelineno-29-23" href = "#__codelineno-29-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-24" name = "__codelineno-29-24" href = "#__codelineno-29-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-25" name = "__codelineno-29-25" href = "#__codelineno-29-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-26" name = "__codelineno-29-26" href = "#__codelineno-29-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-27" name = "__codelineno-29-27" href = "#__codelineno-29-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-28" name = "__codelineno-29-28" href = "#__codelineno-29-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-29" name = "__codelineno-29-29" href = "#__codelineno-29-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-30" name = "__codelineno-29-30" href = "#__codelineno-29-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-31" name = "__codelineno-29-31" href = "#__codelineno-29-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-32" name = "__codelineno-29-32" href = "#__codelineno-29-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > out_of_range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-33" name = "__codelineno-29-33" href = "#__codelineno-29-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-34" name = "__codelineno-29-34" href = "#__codelineno-29-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-35" name = "__codelineno-29-35" href = "#__codelineno-29-35" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-36" name = "__codelineno-29-36" href = "#__codelineno-29-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 返回 Vector */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-37" name = "__codelineno-29-37" href = "#__codelineno-29-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toVector< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-38" name = "__codelineno-29-38" href = "#__codelineno-29-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-39" name = "__codelineno-29-39" href = "#__codelineno-29-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-40" name = "__codelineno-29-40" href = "#__codelineno-29-40" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-30-1" name = "__codelineno-30-1" href = "#__codelineno-30-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-2" name = "__codelineno-30-2" href = "#__codelineno-30-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-3" name = "__codelineno-30-3" href = "#__codelineno-30-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-4" name = "__codelineno-30-4" href = "#__codelineno-30-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-5" name = "__codelineno-30-5" href = "#__codelineno-30-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-6" name = "__codelineno-30-6" href = "#__codelineno-30-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 初始化串列（動態陣列）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-7" name = "__codelineno-30-7" href = "#__codelineno-30-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-8" name = "__codelineno-30-8" href = "#__codelineno-30-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-9" name = "__codelineno-30-9" href = "#__codelineno-30-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-10" name = "__codelineno-30-10" href = "#__codelineno-30-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-11" name = "__codelineno-30-11" href = "#__codelineno-30-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-12" name = "__codelineno-30-12" href = "#__codelineno-30-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-13" name = "__codelineno-30-13" href = "#__codelineno-30-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-14" name = "__codelineno-30-14" href = "#__codelineno-30-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-15" name = "__codelineno-30-15" href = "#__codelineno-30-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-16" name = "__codelineno-30-16" href = "#__codelineno-30-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-17" name = "__codelineno-30-17" href = "#__codelineno-30-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-18" name = "__codelineno-30-18" href = "#__codelineno-30-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-19" name = "__codelineno-30-19" href = "#__codelineno-30-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-20" name = "__codelineno-30-20" href = "#__codelineno-30-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-21" name = "__codelineno-30-21" href = "#__codelineno-30-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-22" name = "__codelineno-30-22" href = "#__codelineno-30-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-23" name = "__codelineno-30-23" href = "#__codelineno-30-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-24" name = "__codelineno-30-24" href = "#__codelineno-30-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-25" name = "__codelineno-30-25" href = "#__codelineno-30-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-26" name = "__codelineno-30-26" href = "#__codelineno-30-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-27" name = "__codelineno-30-27" href = "#__codelineno-30-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-28" name = "__codelineno-30-28" href = "#__codelineno-30-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-29" name = "__codelineno-30-29" href = "#__codelineno-30-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-30" name = "__codelineno-30-30" href = "#__codelineno-30-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-31" name = "__codelineno-30-31" href = "#__codelineno-30-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-32" name = "__codelineno-30-32" href = "#__codelineno-30-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-33" name = "__codelineno-30-33" href = "#__codelineno-30-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-34" name = "__codelineno-30-34" href = "#__codelineno-30-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-35" name = "__codelineno-30-35" href = "#__codelineno-30-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-36" name = "__codelineno-30-36" href = "#__codelineno-30-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > get< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-37" name = "__codelineno-30-37" href = "#__codelineno-30-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-38" name = "__codelineno-30-38" href = "#__codelineno-30-38" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-39" name = "__codelineno-30-39" href = "#__codelineno-30-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-40" name = "__codelineno-30-40" href = "#__codelineno-30-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Object< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-41" name = "__codelineno-30-41" href = "#__codelineno-30-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-42" name = "__codelineno-30-42" href = "#__codelineno-30-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-43" name = "__codelineno-30-43" href = "#__codelineno-30-43" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-31-1" name = "__codelineno-31-1" href = "#__codelineno-31-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-2" name = "__codelineno-31-2" href = "#__codelineno-31-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-3" name = "__codelineno-31-3" href = "#__codelineno-31-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-4" name = "__codelineno-31-4" href = "#__codelineno-31-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-5" name = "__codelineno-31-5" href = "#__codelineno-31-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 初始化串列（動態陣列）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-6" name = "__codelineno-31-6" href = "#__codelineno-31-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-7" name = "__codelineno-31-7" href = "#__codelineno-31-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-8" name = "__codelineno-31-8" href = "#__codelineno-31-8" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-9" name = "__codelineno-31-9" href = "#__codelineno-31-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-10" name = "__codelineno-31-10" href = "#__codelineno-31-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-11" name = "__codelineno-31-11" href = "#__codelineno-31-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-12" name = "__codelineno-31-12" href = "#__codelineno-31-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-13" name = "__codelineno-31-13" href = "#__codelineno-31-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-14" name = "__codelineno-31-14" href = "#__codelineno-31-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-15" name = "__codelineno-31-15" href = "#__codelineno-31-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > IsEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-16" name = "__codelineno-31-16" href = "#__codelineno-31-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-17" name = "__codelineno-31-17" href = "#__codelineno-31-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-18" name = "__codelineno-31-18" href = "#__codelineno-31-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-19" name = "__codelineno-31-19" href = "#__codelineno-31-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-20" name = "__codelineno-31-20" href = "#__codelineno-31-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-21" name = "__codelineno-31-21" href = "#__codelineno-31-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-22" name = "__codelineno-31-22" href = "#__codelineno-31-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-23" name = "__codelineno-31-23" href = "#__codelineno-31-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-24" name = "__codelineno-31-24" href = "#__codelineno-31-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-25" name = "__codelineno-31-25" href = "#__codelineno-31-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-26" name = "__codelineno-31-26" href = "#__codelineno-31-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > IsEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-27" name = "__codelineno-31-27" href = "#__codelineno-31-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-28" name = "__codelineno-31-28" href = "#__codelineno-31-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-29" name = "__codelineno-31-29" href = "#__codelineno-31-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > RemoveAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-30" name = "__codelineno-31-30" href = "#__codelineno-31-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-31" name = "__codelineno-31-31" href = "#__codelineno-31-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-32" name = "__codelineno-31-32" href = "#__codelineno-31-32" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-33" name = "__codelineno-31-33" href = "#__codelineno-31-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-34" name = "__codelineno-31-34" href = "#__codelineno-31-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-35" name = "__codelineno-31-35" href = "#__codelineno-31-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > IsEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-36" name = "__codelineno-31-36" href = "#__codelineno-31-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-37" name = "__codelineno-31-37" href = "#__codelineno-31-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > Size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-38" name = "__codelineno-31-38" href = "#__codelineno-31-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-39" name = "__codelineno-31-39" href = "#__codelineno-31-39" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-40" name = "__codelineno-31-40" href = "#__codelineno-31-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-41" name = "__codelineno-31-41" href = "#__codelineno-31-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > public< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > ToArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-42" name = "__codelineno-31-42" href = "#__codelineno-31-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [..< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-43" name = "__codelineno-31-43" href = "#__codelineno-31-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-44" name = "__codelineno-31-44" href = "#__codelineno-31-44" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-32-1" name = "__codelineno-32-1" href = "#__codelineno-32-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-2" name = "__codelineno-32-2" href = "#__codelineno-32-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-3" name = "__codelineno-32-3" href = "#__codelineno-32-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 資料< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-4" name = "__codelineno-32-4" href = "#__codelineno-32-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-5" name = "__codelineno-32-5" href = "#__codelineno-32-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-6" name = "__codelineno-32-6" href = "#__codelineno-32-6" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-7" name = "__codelineno-32-7" href = "#__codelineno-32-7" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-8" name = "__codelineno-32-8" href = "#__codelineno-32-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-9" name = "__codelineno-32-9" href = "#__codelineno-32-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 設定堆疊的長度為 0， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-10" name = "__codelineno-32-10" href = "#__codelineno-32-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 16< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-11" name = "__codelineno-32-11" href = "#__codelineno-32-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-12" name = "__codelineno-32-12" href = "#__codelineno-32-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-13" name = "__codelineno-32-13" href = "#__codelineno-32-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-14" name = "__codelineno-32-14" href = "#__codelineno-32-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-15" name = "__codelineno-32-15" href = "#__codelineno-32-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-16" name = "__codelineno-32-16" href = "#__codelineno-32-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-17" name = "__codelineno-32-17" href = "#__codelineno-32-17" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-18" name = "__codelineno-32-18" href = "#__codelineno-32-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-19" name = "__codelineno-32-19" href = "#__codelineno-32-19" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-20" name = "__codelineno-32-20" href = "#__codelineno-32-20" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-21" name = "__codelineno-32-21" href = "#__codelineno-32-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-22" name = "__codelineno-32-22" href = "#__codelineno-32-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-23" name = "__codelineno-32-23" href = "#__codelineno-32-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-24" name = "__codelineno-32-24" href = "#__codelineno-32-24" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-25" name = "__codelineno-32-25" href = "#__codelineno-32-25" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-26" name = "__codelineno-32-26" href = "#__codelineno-32-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 切片會自動擴容< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-27" name = "__codelineno-32-27" href = "#__codelineno-32-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > v< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-28" name = "__codelineno-32-28" href = "#__codelineno-32-28" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-29" name = "__codelineno-32-29" href = "#__codelineno-32-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-30" name = "__codelineno-32-30" href = "#__codelineno-32-30" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-31" name = "__codelineno-32-31" href = "#__codelineno-32-31" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > any< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-32" name = "__codelineno-32-32" href = "#__codelineno-32-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-33" name = "__codelineno-32-33" href = "#__codelineno-32-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > [:< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-34" name = "__codelineno-32-34" href = "#__codelineno-32-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-35" name = "__codelineno-32-35" href = "#__codelineno-32-35" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-36" name = "__codelineno-32-36" href = "#__codelineno-32-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-37" name = "__codelineno-32-37" href = "#__codelineno-32-37" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-38" name = "__codelineno-32-38" href = "#__codelineno-32-38" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > any< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-39" name = "__codelineno-32-39" href = "#__codelineno-32-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-40" name = "__codelineno-32-40" href = "#__codelineno-32-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > nil< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-41" name = "__codelineno-32-41" href = "#__codelineno-32-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-42" name = "__codelineno-32-42" href = "#__codelineno-32-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-43" name = "__codelineno-32-43" href = "#__codelineno-32-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-44" name = "__codelineno-32-44" href = "#__codelineno-32-44" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-45" name = "__codelineno-32-45" href = "#__codelineno-32-45" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-46" name = "__codelineno-32-46" href = "#__codelineno-32-46" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取 Slice 用於列印 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-47" name = "__codelineno-32-47" href = "#__codelineno-32-47" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > arrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toSlice< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-48" name = "__codelineno-32-48" href = "#__codelineno-32-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > s< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-49" name = "__codelineno-32-49" href = "#__codelineno-32-49" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-33-1" name = "__codelineno-33-1" href = "#__codelineno-33-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-2" name = "__codelineno-33-2" href = "#__codelineno-33-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-3" name = "__codelineno-33-3" href = "#__codelineno-33-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-4" name = "__codelineno-33-4" href = "#__codelineno-33-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-5" name = "__codelineno-33-5" href = "#__codelineno-33-5" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-6" name = "__codelineno-33-6" href = "#__codelineno-33-6" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 初始化串列（動態陣列）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-7" name = "__codelineno-33-7" href = "#__codelineno-33-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-8" name = "__codelineno-33-8" href = "#__codelineno-33-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-9" name = "__codelineno-33-9" href = "#__codelineno-33-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-10" name = "__codelineno-33-10" href = "#__codelineno-33-10" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-11" name = "__codelineno-33-11" href = "#__codelineno-33-11" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-12" name = "__codelineno-33-12" href = "#__codelineno-33-12" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-13" name = "__codelineno-33-13" href = "#__codelineno-33-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-14" name = "__codelineno-33-14" href = "#__codelineno-33-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-15" name = "__codelineno-33-15" href = "#__codelineno-33-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-16" name = "__codelineno-33-16" href = "#__codelineno-33-16" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Bool< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-17" name = "__codelineno-33-17" href = "#__codelineno-33-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-18" name = "__codelineno-33-18" href = "#__codelineno-33-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-19" name = "__codelineno-33-19" href = "#__codelineno-33-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-20" name = "__codelineno-33-20" href = "#__codelineno-33-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-21" name = "__codelineno-33-21" href = "#__codelineno-33-21" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-22" name = "__codelineno-33-22" href = "#__codelineno-33-22" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-23" name = "__codelineno-33-23" href = "#__codelineno-33-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-24" name = "__codelineno-33-24" href = "#__codelineno-33-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-25" name = "__codelineno-33-25" href = "#__codelineno-33-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-26" name = "__codelineno-33-26" href = "#__codelineno-33-26" > < / a > < span class = "p" > @< / span > < span class = "n" > discardableResult< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-27" name = "__codelineno-33-27" href = "#__codelineno-33-27" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-28" name = "__codelineno-33-28" href = "#__codelineno-33-28" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-29" name = "__codelineno-33-29" href = "#__codelineno-33-29" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > fatalError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-30" name = "__codelineno-33-30" href = "#__codelineno-33-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-31" name = "__codelineno-33-31" href = "#__codelineno-33-31" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-32" name = "__codelineno-33-32" href = "#__codelineno-33-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-33" name = "__codelineno-33-33" href = "#__codelineno-33-33" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-34" name = "__codelineno-33-34" href = "#__codelineno-33-34" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-35" name = "__codelineno-33-35" href = "#__codelineno-33-35" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-36" name = "__codelineno-33-36" href = "#__codelineno-33-36" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-37" name = "__codelineno-33-37" href = "#__codelineno-33-37" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > fatalError< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-38" name = "__codelineno-33-38" href = "#__codelineno-33-38" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-39" name = "__codelineno-33-39" href = "#__codelineno-33-39" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-40" name = "__codelineno-33-40" href = "#__codelineno-33-40" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-41" name = "__codelineno-33-41" href = "#__codelineno-33-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-42" name = "__codelineno-33-42" href = "#__codelineno-33-42" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-43" name = "__codelineno-33-43" href = "#__codelineno-33-43" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-44" name = "__codelineno-33-44" href = "#__codelineno-33-44" > < / a > < span class = "n" > stack< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-45" name = "__codelineno-33-45" href = "#__codelineno-33-45" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-46" name = "__codelineno-33-46" href = "#__codelineno-33-46" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-34-1" name = "__codelineno-34-1" href = "#__codelineno-34-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-2" name = "__codelineno-34-2" href = "#__codelineno-34-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-3" name = "__codelineno-34-3" href = "#__codelineno-34-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-4" name = "__codelineno-34-4" href = "#__codelineno-34-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-5" name = "__codelineno-34-5" href = "#__codelineno-34-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-6" name = "__codelineno-34-6" href = "#__codelineno-34-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-7" name = "__codelineno-34-7" href = "#__codelineno-34-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-8" name = "__codelineno-34-8" href = "#__codelineno-34-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-9" name = "__codelineno-34-9" href = "#__codelineno-34-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-10" name = "__codelineno-34-10" href = "#__codelineno-34-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-11" name = "__codelineno-34-11" href = "#__codelineno-34-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-12" name = "__codelineno-34-12" href = "#__codelineno-34-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-13" name = "__codelineno-34-13" href = "#__codelineno-34-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-14" name = "__codelineno-34-14" href = "#__codelineno-34-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-15" name = "__codelineno-34-15" href = "#__codelineno-34-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-16" name = "__codelineno-34-16" href = "#__codelineno-34-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-17" name = "__codelineno-34-17" href = "#__codelineno-34-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-18" name = "__codelineno-34-18" href = "#__codelineno-34-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-19" name = "__codelineno-34-19" href = "#__codelineno-34-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-20" name = "__codelineno-34-20" href = "#__codelineno-34-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-21" name = "__codelineno-34-21" href = "#__codelineno-34-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-22" name = "__codelineno-34-22" href = "#__codelineno-34-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-23" name = "__codelineno-34-23" href = "#__codelineno-34-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-24" name = "__codelineno-34-24" href = "#__codelineno-34-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-25" name = "__codelineno-34-25" href = "#__codelineno-34-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-26" name = "__codelineno-34-26" href = "#__codelineno-34-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-27" name = "__codelineno-34-27" href = "#__codelineno-34-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-28" name = "__codelineno-34-28" href = "#__codelineno-34-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-29" name = "__codelineno-34-29" href = "#__codelineno-34-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-30" name = "__codelineno-34-30" href = "#__codelineno-34-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-31" name = "__codelineno-34-31" href = "#__codelineno-34-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-32" name = "__codelineno-34-32" href = "#__codelineno-34-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-33" name = "__codelineno-34-33" href = "#__codelineno-34-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-34" name = "__codelineno-34-34" href = "#__codelineno-34-34" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-35" name = "__codelineno-34-35" href = "#__codelineno-34-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 返回 Array */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-36" name = "__codelineno-34-36" href = "#__codelineno-34-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-37" name = "__codelineno-34-37" href = "#__codelineno-34-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "err" > #< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-38" name = "__codelineno-34-38" href = "#__codelineno-34-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-39" name = "__codelineno-34-39" href = "#__codelineno-34-39" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-35-1" name = "__codelineno-35-1" href = "#__codelineno-35-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-2" name = "__codelineno-35-2" href = "#__codelineno-35-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-3" name = "__codelineno-35-3" href = "#__codelineno-35-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-4" name = "__codelineno-35-4" href = "#__codelineno-35-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-5" name = "__codelineno-35-5" href = "#__codelineno-35-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-6" name = "__codelineno-35-6" href = "#__codelineno-35-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-7" name = "__codelineno-35-7" href = "#__codelineno-35-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-8" name = "__codelineno-35-8" href = "#__codelineno-35-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-9" name = "__codelineno-35-9" href = "#__codelineno-35-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > get< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-10" name = "__codelineno-35-10" href = "#__codelineno-35-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-11" name = "__codelineno-35-11" href = "#__codelineno-35-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-12" name = "__codelineno-35-12" href = "#__codelineno-35-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-13" name = "__codelineno-35-13" href = "#__codelineno-35-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-14" name = "__codelineno-35-14" href = "#__codelineno-35-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-15" name = "__codelineno-35-15" href = "#__codelineno-35-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-16" name = "__codelineno-35-16" href = "#__codelineno-35-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-17" name = "__codelineno-35-17" href = "#__codelineno-35-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-18" name = "__codelineno-35-18" href = "#__codelineno-35-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-19" name = "__codelineno-35-19" href = "#__codelineno-35-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-20" name = "__codelineno-35-20" href = "#__codelineno-35-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-21" name = "__codelineno-35-21" href = "#__codelineno-35-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-22" name = "__codelineno-35-22" href = "#__codelineno-35-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-23" name = "__codelineno-35-23" href = "#__codelineno-35-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-24" name = "__codelineno-35-24" href = "#__codelineno-35-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > undefined< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-25" name = "__codelineno-35-25" href = "#__codelineno-35-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-26" name = "__codelineno-35-26" href = "#__codelineno-35-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-27" name = "__codelineno-35-27" href = "#__codelineno-35-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-28" name = "__codelineno-35-28" href = "#__codelineno-35-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-29" name = "__codelineno-35-29" href = "#__codelineno-35-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-30" name = "__codelineno-35-30" href = "#__codelineno-35-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > top< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > undefined< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-31" name = "__codelineno-35-31" href = "#__codelineno-35-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ne" > Error< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-32" name = "__codelineno-35-32" href = "#__codelineno-35-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-33" name = "__codelineno-35-33" href = "#__codelineno-35-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-34" name = "__codelineno-35-34" href = "#__codelineno-35-34" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-35" name = "__codelineno-35-35" href = "#__codelineno-35-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 返回 Array */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-36" name = "__codelineno-35-36" href = "#__codelineno-35-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-37" name = "__codelineno-35-37" href = "#__codelineno-35-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-38" name = "__codelineno-35-38" href = "#__codelineno-35-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-35-39" name = "__codelineno-35-39" href = "#__codelineno-35-39" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-36-1" name = "__codelineno-36-1" href = "#__codelineno-36-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-2" name = "__codelineno-36-2" href = "#__codelineno-36-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-3" name = "__codelineno-36-3" href = "#__codelineno-36-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > late< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-4" name = "__codelineno-36-4" href = "#__codelineno-36-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-5" name = "__codelineno-36-5" href = "#__codelineno-36-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-6" name = "__codelineno-36-6" href = "#__codelineno-36-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-7" name = "__codelineno-36-7" href = "#__codelineno-36-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-8" name = "__codelineno-36-8" href = "#__codelineno-36-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-9" name = "__codelineno-36-9" href = "#__codelineno-36-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-10" name = "__codelineno-36-10" href = "#__codelineno-36-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-11" name = "__codelineno-36-11" href = "#__codelineno-36-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-12" name = "__codelineno-36-12" href = "#__codelineno-36-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-13" name = "__codelineno-36-13" href = "#__codelineno-36-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-14" name = "__codelineno-36-14" href = "#__codelineno-36-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-15" name = "__codelineno-36-15" href = "#__codelineno-36-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-16" name = "__codelineno-36-16" href = "#__codelineno-36-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-17" name = "__codelineno-36-17" href = "#__codelineno-36-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-18" name = "__codelineno-36-18" href = "#__codelineno-36-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-19" name = "__codelineno-36-19" href = "#__codelineno-36-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-20" name = "__codelineno-36-20" href = "#__codelineno-36-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > _num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-21" name = "__codelineno-36-21" href = "#__codelineno-36-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-22" name = "__codelineno-36-22" href = "#__codelineno-36-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-23" name = "__codelineno-36-23" href = "#__codelineno-36-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-24" name = "__codelineno-36-24" href = "#__codelineno-36-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-25" name = "__codelineno-36-25" href = "#__codelineno-36-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-26" name = "__codelineno-36-26" href = "#__codelineno-36-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-27" name = "__codelineno-36-27" href = "#__codelineno-36-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-28" name = "__codelineno-36-28" href = "#__codelineno-36-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-29" name = "__codelineno-36-29" href = "#__codelineno-36-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-30" name = "__codelineno-36-30" href = "#__codelineno-36-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-31" name = "__codelineno-36-31" href = "#__codelineno-36-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-32" name = "__codelineno-36-32" href = "#__codelineno-36-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-33" name = "__codelineno-36-33" href = "#__codelineno-36-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-34" name = "__codelineno-36-34" href = "#__codelineno-36-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Exception< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-35" name = "__codelineno-36-35" href = "#__codelineno-36-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-36" name = "__codelineno-36-36" href = "#__codelineno-36-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-37" name = "__codelineno-36-37" href = "#__codelineno-36-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-38" name = "__codelineno-36-38" href = "#__codelineno-36-38" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-39" name = "__codelineno-36-39" href = "#__codelineno-36-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將堆疊轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-40" name = "__codelineno-36-40" href = "#__codelineno-36-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-41" name = "__codelineno-36-41" href = "#__codelineno-36-41" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-37-1" name = "__codelineno-37-1" href = "#__codelineno-37-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-2" name = "__codelineno-37-2" href = "#__codelineno-37-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-3" name = "__codelineno-37-3" href = "#__codelineno-37-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-4" name = "__codelineno-37-4" href = "#__codelineno-37-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-5" name = "__codelineno-37-5" href = "#__codelineno-37-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-6" name = "__codelineno-37-6" href = "#__codelineno-37-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > impl< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-7" name = "__codelineno-37-7" href = "#__codelineno-37-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-8" name = "__codelineno-37-8" href = "#__codelineno-37-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-9" name = "__codelineno-37-9" href = "#__codelineno-37-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > ::< span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-10" name = "__codelineno-37-10" href = "#__codelineno-37-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-11" name = "__codelineno-37-11" href = "#__codelineno-37-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-12" name = "__codelineno-37-12" href = "#__codelineno-37-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-13" name = "__codelineno-37-13" href = "#__codelineno-37-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-14" name = "__codelineno-37-14" href = "#__codelineno-37-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-15" name = "__codelineno-37-15" href = "#__codelineno-37-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-16" name = "__codelineno-37-16" href = "#__codelineno-37-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-17" name = "__codelineno-37-17" href = "#__codelineno-37-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-18" name = "__codelineno-37-18" href = "#__codelineno-37-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-19" name = "__codelineno-37-19" href = "#__codelineno-37-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-20" name = "__codelineno-37-20" href = "#__codelineno-37-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-21" name = "__codelineno-37-21" href = "#__codelineno-37-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-22" name = "__codelineno-37-22" href = "#__codelineno-37-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-23" name = "__codelineno-37-23" href = "#__codelineno-37-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-24" name = "__codelineno-37-24" href = "#__codelineno-37-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-25" name = "__codelineno-37-25" href = "#__codelineno-37-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > : < span class = "nc" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-26" name = "__codelineno-37-26" href = "#__codelineno-37-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-27" name = "__codelineno-37-27" href = "#__codelineno-37-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-28" name = "__codelineno-37-28" href = "#__codelineno-37-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-29" name = "__codelineno-37-29" href = "#__codelineno-37-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-30" name = "__codelineno-37-30" href = "#__codelineno-37-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-31" name = "__codelineno-37-31" href = "#__codelineno-37-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-32" name = "__codelineno-37-32" href = "#__codelineno-37-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-33" name = "__codelineno-37-33" href = "#__codelineno-37-33" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-34" name = "__codelineno-37-34" href = "#__codelineno-37-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-35" name = "__codelineno-37-35" href = "#__codelineno-37-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < & < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-36" name = "__codelineno-37-36" href = "#__codelineno-37-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-37" name = "__codelineno-37-37" href = "#__codelineno-37-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > panic!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-38" name = "__codelineno-37-38" href = "#__codelineno-37-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-39" name = "__codelineno-37-39" href = "#__codelineno-37-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-40" name = "__codelineno-37-40" href = "#__codelineno-37-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-41" name = "__codelineno-37-41" href = "#__codelineno-37-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-42" name = "__codelineno-37-42" href = "#__codelineno-37-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 返回 & Vec */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-43" name = "__codelineno-37-43" href = "#__codelineno-37-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > to_array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-44" name = "__codelineno-37-44" href = "#__codelineno-37-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-45" name = "__codelineno-37-45" href = "#__codelineno-37-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-46" name = "__codelineno-37-46" href = "#__codelineno-37-46" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-38-1" name = "__codelineno-38-1" href = "#__codelineno-38-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-2" name = "__codelineno-38-2" href = "#__codelineno-38-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > typedef< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-3" name = "__codelineno-38-3" href = "#__codelineno-38-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-4" name = "__codelineno-38-4" href = "#__codelineno-38-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-5" name = "__codelineno-38-5" href = "#__codelineno-38-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-6" name = "__codelineno-38-6" href = "#__codelineno-38-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-7" name = "__codelineno-38-7" href = "#__codelineno-38-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 建構子 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-8" name = "__codelineno-38-8" href = "#__codelineno-38-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nf" > newArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-9" name = "__codelineno-38-9" href = "#__codelineno-38-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-10" name = "__codelineno-38-10" href = "#__codelineno-38-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 初始化一個大容量，避免擴容< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-11" name = "__codelineno-38-11" href = "#__codelineno-38-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > data< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MAX_SIZE< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-12" name = "__codelineno-38-12" href = "#__codelineno-38-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-13" name = "__codelineno-38-13" href = "#__codelineno-38-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-14" name = "__codelineno-38-14" href = "#__codelineno-38-14" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-15" name = "__codelineno-38-15" href = "#__codelineno-38-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-16" name = "__codelineno-38-16" href = "#__codelineno-38-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 析構函式 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-17" name = "__codelineno-38-17" href = "#__codelineno-38-17" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > delArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-18" name = "__codelineno-38-18" href = "#__codelineno-38-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-19" name = "__codelineno-38-19" href = "#__codelineno-38-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-20" name = "__codelineno-38-20" href = "#__codelineno-38-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-21" name = "__codelineno-38-21" href = "#__codelineno-38-21" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-22" name = "__codelineno-38-22" href = "#__codelineno-38-22" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-23" name = "__codelineno-38-23" href = "#__codelineno-38-23" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-24" name = "__codelineno-38-24" href = "#__codelineno-38-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-25" name = "__codelineno-38-25" href = "#__codelineno-38-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-26" name = "__codelineno-38-26" href = "#__codelineno-38-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-27" name = "__codelineno-38-27" href = "#__codelineno-38-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-28" name = "__codelineno-38-28" href = "#__codelineno-38-28" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-29" name = "__codelineno-38-29" href = "#__codelineno-38-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-30" name = "__codelineno-38-30" href = "#__codelineno-38-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-31" name = "__codelineno-38-31" href = "#__codelineno-38-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-32" name = "__codelineno-38-32" href = "#__codelineno-38-32" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-33" name = "__codelineno-38-33" href = "#__codelineno-38-33" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-34" name = "__codelineno-38-34" href = "#__codelineno-38-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MAX_SIZE< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-35" name = "__codelineno-38-35" href = "#__codelineno-38-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊已滿< / span > < span class = "se" > \n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-36" name = "__codelineno-38-36" href = "#__codelineno-38-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-37" name = "__codelineno-38-37" href = "#__codelineno-38-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-38" name = "__codelineno-38-38" href = "#__codelineno-38-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-39" name = "__codelineno-38-39" href = "#__codelineno-38-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-40" name = "__codelineno-38-40" href = "#__codelineno-38-40" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-41" name = "__codelineno-38-41" href = "#__codelineno-38-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-42" name = "__codelineno-38-42" href = "#__codelineno-38-42" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-43" name = "__codelineno-38-43" href = "#__codelineno-38-43" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-44" name = "__codelineno-38-44" href = "#__codelineno-38-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-45" name = "__codelineno-38-45" href = "#__codelineno-38-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空< / span > < span class = "se" > \n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-46" name = "__codelineno-38-46" href = "#__codelineno-38-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > INT_MAX< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-47" name = "__codelineno-38-47" href = "#__codelineno-38-47" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-48" name = "__codelineno-38-48" href = "#__codelineno-38-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-49" name = "__codelineno-38-49" href = "#__codelineno-38-49" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-50" name = "__codelineno-38-50" href = "#__codelineno-38-50" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-51" name = "__codelineno-38-51" href = "#__codelineno-38-51" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-52" name = "__codelineno-38-52" href = "#__codelineno-38-52" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-53" name = "__codelineno-38-53" href = "#__codelineno-38-53" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-54" name = "__codelineno-38-54" href = "#__codelineno-38-54" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "o" > --< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-55" name = "__codelineno-38-55" href = "#__codelineno-38-55" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-56" name = "__codelineno-38-56" href = "#__codelineno-38-56" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-39-1" name = "__codelineno-39-1" href = "#__codelineno-39-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 基於陣列實現的堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-2" name = "__codelineno-39-2" href = "#__codelineno-39-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-3" name = "__codelineno-39-3" href = "#__codelineno-39-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 初始化串列（動態陣列）< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-39-4" name = "__codelineno-39-4" href = "#__codelineno-39-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > private< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mutableListOf< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-39-5" name = "__codelineno-39-5" href = "#__codelineno-39-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-6" name = "__codelineno-39-6" href = "#__codelineno-39-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 獲取堆疊的長度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-7" name = "__codelineno-39-7" href = "#__codelineno-39-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-8" name = "__codelineno-39-8" href = "#__codelineno-39-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-9" name = "__codelineno-39-9" href = "#__codelineno-39-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-10" name = "__codelineno-39-10" href = "#__codelineno-39-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-11" name = "__codelineno-39-11" href = "#__codelineno-39-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 判斷堆疊是否為空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-12" name = "__codelineno-39-12" href = "#__codelineno-39-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-13" name = "__codelineno-39-13" href = "#__codelineno-39-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-14" name = "__codelineno-39-14" href = "#__codelineno-39-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-15" name = "__codelineno-39-15" href = "#__codelineno-39-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-16" name = "__codelineno-39-16" href = "#__codelineno-39-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 入堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-17" name = "__codelineno-39-17" href = "#__codelineno-39-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-18" name = "__codelineno-39-18" href = "#__codelineno-39-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-19" name = "__codelineno-39-19" href = "#__codelineno-39-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-20" name = "__codelineno-39-20" href = "#__codelineno-39-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-21" name = "__codelineno-39-21" href = "#__codelineno-39-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 出堆疊 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-22" name = "__codelineno-39-22" href = "#__codelineno-39-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-23" name = "__codelineno-39-23" href = "#__codelineno-39-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-24" name = "__codelineno-39-24" href = "#__codelineno-39-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > removeAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-25" name = "__codelineno-39-25" href = "#__codelineno-39-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-26" name = "__codelineno-39-26" href = "#__codelineno-39-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-27" name = "__codelineno-39-27" href = "#__codelineno-39-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-28" name = "__codelineno-39-28" href = "#__codelineno-39-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-29" name = "__codelineno-39-29" href = "#__codelineno-39-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > throw< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IndexOutOfBoundsException< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-30" name = "__codelineno-39-30" href = "#__codelineno-39-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-31" name = "__codelineno-39-31" href = "#__codelineno-39-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-32" name = "__codelineno-39-32" href = "#__codelineno-39-32" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-33" name = "__codelineno-39-33" href = "#__codelineno-39-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "cm" > /* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-34" name = "__codelineno-39-34" href = "#__codelineno-39-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > toArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ():< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Array< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Any< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-39-35" name = "__codelineno-39-35" href = "#__codelineno-39-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > toTypedArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-39-36" name = "__codelineno-39-36" href = "#__codelineno-39-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-37" name = "__codelineno-39-37" href = "#__codelineno-39-37" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.rb< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-40-1" name = "__codelineno-40-1" href = "#__codelineno-40-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > ### 基於陣列實現的堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-2" name = "__codelineno-40-2" href = "#__codelineno-40-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > ArrayStack< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-3" name = "__codelineno-40-3" href = "#__codelineno-40-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 建構子 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-4" name = "__codelineno-40-4" href = "#__codelineno-40-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > initialize< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-5" name = "__codelineno-40-5" href = "#__codelineno-40-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-6" name = "__codelineno-40-6" href = "#__codelineno-40-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-7" name = "__codelineno-40-7" href = "#__codelineno-40-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-8" name = "__codelineno-40-8" href = "#__codelineno-40-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 獲取堆疊的長度 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-9" name = "__codelineno-40-9" href = "#__codelineno-40-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > size< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-10" name = "__codelineno-40-10" href = "#__codelineno-40-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-11" name = "__codelineno-40-11" href = "#__codelineno-40-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-12" name = "__codelineno-40-12" href = "#__codelineno-40-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-13" name = "__codelineno-40-13" href = "#__codelineno-40-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 判斷堆疊是否為空 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-14" name = "__codelineno-40-14" href = "#__codelineno-40-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > is_empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-15" name = "__codelineno-40-15" href = "#__codelineno-40-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-16" name = "__codelineno-40-16" href = "#__codelineno-40-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-17" name = "__codelineno-40-17" href = "#__codelineno-40-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-18" name = "__codelineno-40-18" href = "#__codelineno-40-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 入堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-19" name = "__codelineno-40-19" href = "#__codelineno-40-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > item< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-20" name = "__codelineno-40-20" href = "#__codelineno-40-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > item< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-21" name = "__codelineno-40-21" href = "#__codelineno-40-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-22" name = "__codelineno-40-22" href = "#__codelineno-40-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-23" name = "__codelineno-40-23" href = "#__codelineno-40-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 出堆疊 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-24" name = "__codelineno-40-24" href = "#__codelineno-40-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > pop< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-25" name = "__codelineno-40-25" href = "#__codelineno-40-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "no" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-26" name = "__codelineno-40-26" href = "#__codelineno-40-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-27" name = "__codelineno-40-27" href = "#__codelineno-40-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-28" name = "__codelineno-40-28" href = "#__codelineno-40-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-29" name = "__codelineno-40-29" href = "#__codelineno-40-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-30" name = "__codelineno-40-30" href = "#__codelineno-40-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 訪問堆疊頂元素 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-31" name = "__codelineno-40-31" href = "#__codelineno-40-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > peek< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-32" name = "__codelineno-40-32" href = "#__codelineno-40-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > raise< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "no" > IndexError< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 堆疊為空' < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-33" name = "__codelineno-40-33" href = "#__codelineno-40-33" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-34" name = "__codelineno-40-34" href = "#__codelineno-40-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-35" name = "__codelineno-40-35" href = "#__codelineno-40-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-36" name = "__codelineno-40-36" href = "#__codelineno-40-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-37" name = "__codelineno-40-37" href = "#__codelineno-40-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > ### 返回串列用於列印 ###< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-38" name = "__codelineno-40-38" href = "#__codelineno-40-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > to_array< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-39" name = "__codelineno-40-39" href = "#__codelineno-40-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "vi" > @stack< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-40" name = "__codelineno-40-40" href = "#__codelineno-40-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-41" name = "__codelineno-40-41" href = "#__codelineno-40-41" > < / a > < span class = "k" > end< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > array_stack.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-41-1" name = "__codelineno-41-1" href = "#__codelineno-41-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 基於陣列實現的堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-2" name = "__codelineno-41-2" href = "#__codelineno-41-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayStack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > comptime< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > type< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-3" name = "__codelineno-41-3" href = "#__codelineno-41-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-4" name = "__codelineno-41-4" href = "#__codelineno-41-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @This< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-5" name = "__codelineno-41-5" href = "#__codelineno-41-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-6" name = "__codelineno-41-6" href = "#__codelineno-41-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-7" name = "__codelineno-41-7" href = "#__codelineno-41-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-8" name = "__codelineno-41-8" href = "#__codelineno-41-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 建構子（分配記憶體+初始化堆疊）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-9" name = "__codelineno-41-9" href = "#__codelineno-41-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > allocator< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-10" name = "__codelineno-41-10" href = "#__codelineno-41-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-11" name = "__codelineno-41-11" href = "#__codelineno-41-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-12" name = "__codelineno-41-12" href = "#__codelineno-41-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-13" name = "__codelineno-41-13" href = "#__codelineno-41-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-14" name = "__codelineno-41-14" href = "#__codelineno-41-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-15" name = "__codelineno-41-15" href = "#__codelineno-41-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 析構方法（釋放記憶體）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-16" name = "__codelineno-41-16" href = "#__codelineno-41-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-17" name = "__codelineno-41-17" href = "#__codelineno-41-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-18" name = "__codelineno-41-18" href = "#__codelineno-41-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-19" name = "__codelineno-41-19" href = "#__codelineno-41-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-20" name = "__codelineno-41-20" href = "#__codelineno-41-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-21" name = "__codelineno-41-21" href = "#__codelineno-41-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 獲取堆疊的長度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-22" name = "__codelineno-41-22" href = "#__codelineno-41-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-23" name = "__codelineno-41-23" href = "#__codelineno-41-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > items< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-24" name = "__codelineno-41-24" href = "#__codelineno-41-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-25" name = "__codelineno-41-25" href = "#__codelineno-41-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-26" name = "__codelineno-41-26" href = "#__codelineno-41-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 判斷堆疊是否為空< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-27" name = "__codelineno-41-27" href = "#__codelineno-41-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-28" name = "__codelineno-41-28" href = "#__codelineno-41-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-29" name = "__codelineno-41-29" href = "#__codelineno-41-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-30" name = "__codelineno-41-30" href = "#__codelineno-41-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-31" name = "__codelineno-41-31" href = "#__codelineno-41-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 訪問堆疊頂元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-32" name = "__codelineno-41-32" href = "#__codelineno-41-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peek< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-33" name = "__codelineno-41-33" href = "#__codelineno-41-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > @panic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 堆疊為空" < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-34" name = "__codelineno-41-34" href = "#__codelineno-41-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > items< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-35" name = "__codelineno-41-35" href = "#__codelineno-41-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-36" name = "__codelineno-41-36" href = "#__codelineno-41-36" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-37" name = "__codelineno-41-37" href = "#__codelineno-41-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 入堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-38" name = "__codelineno-41-38" href = "#__codelineno-41-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-39" name = "__codelineno-41-39" href = "#__codelineno-41-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-40" name = "__codelineno-41-40" href = "#__codelineno-41-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-41" name = "__codelineno-41-41" href = "#__codelineno-41-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-42" name = "__codelineno-41-42" href = "#__codelineno-41-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 出堆疊< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-43" name = "__codelineno-41-43" href = "#__codelineno-41-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-44" name = "__codelineno-41-44" href = "#__codelineno-41-44" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-45" name = "__codelineno-41-45" href = "#__codelineno-41-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-46" name = "__codelineno-41-46" href = "#__codelineno-41-46" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-47" name = "__codelineno-41-47" href = "#__codelineno-41-47" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-48" name = "__codelineno-41-48" href = "#__codelineno-41-48" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 返回 ArrayList< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-49" name = "__codelineno-41-49" href = "#__codelineno-41-49" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > pub< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > toList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > Self< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-50" name = "__codelineno-41-50" href = "#__codelineno-41-50" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stack< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-51" name = "__codelineno-41-51" href = "#__codelineno-41-51" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-52" name = "__codelineno-41-52" href = "#__codelineno-41-52" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-53" name = "__codelineno-41-53" href = "#__codelineno-41-53" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > 視覺化執行< / summary >
2024-04-11 01:11:27 +08:00
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2024-04-06 03:02:26 +08:00
< / details >
< h2 id = "513" > 5.1.3 兩種實現對比< a class = "headerlink" href = "#513" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 支持操作< / strong > < / p >
< p > 兩種實現都支持堆疊定義中的各項操作。陣列實現額外支持隨機訪問，但這已超出了堆疊的定義範疇，因此一般不會用到。< / p >
< p > < strong > 時間效率< / strong > < / p >
< p > 在基於陣列的實現中，入堆疊和出堆疊操作都在預先分配好的連續記憶體中進行，具有很好的快取本地性，因此效率較高。然而，如果入堆疊時超出陣列容量，會觸發擴容機制，導致該次入堆疊操作的時間複雜度變為 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > 。< / p >
< p > 在基於鏈結串列的實現中，鏈結串列的擴容非常靈活，不存在上述陣列擴容時效率降低的問題。但是，入堆疊操作需要初始化節點物件並修改指標，因此效率相對較低。不過，如果入堆疊元素本身就是節點物件，那麼可以省去初始化步驟，從而提高效率。< / p >
< p > 綜上所述，當入堆疊與出堆疊操作的元素是基本資料型別時，例如 < code > int< / code > 或 < code > double< / code > ，我們可以得出以下結論。< / p >
< ul >
< li > 基於陣列實現的堆疊在觸發擴容時效率會降低，但由於擴容是低頻操作，因此平均效率更高。< / li >
< li > 基於鏈結串列實現的堆疊可以提供更加穩定的效率表現。< / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 空間效率< / strong > < / p >
< p > 在初始化串列時，系統會為串列分配“初始容量”，該容量可能超出實際需求；並且，擴容機制通常是按照特定倍率（例如 2 倍）進行擴容的，擴容後的容量也可能超出實際需求。因此，< strong > 基於陣列實現的堆疊可能造成一定的空間浪費< / strong > 。< / p >
< p > 然而，由於鏈結串列節點需要額外儲存指標，< strong > 因此鏈結串列節點佔用的空間相對較大< / strong > 。< / p >
< p > 綜上，我們不能簡單地確定哪種實現更加節省記憶體，需要針對具體情況進行分析。< / p >
< h2 id = "514" > 5.1.4 堆疊的典型應用< a class = "headerlink" href = "#514" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 瀏覽器中的後退與前進、軟體中的撤銷與反撤銷< / strong > 。每當我們開啟新的網頁，瀏覽器就會對上一個網頁執行入堆疊，這樣我們就可以通過後退操作回到上一個網頁。後退操作實際上是在執行出堆疊。如果要同時支持後退和前進，那麼需要兩個堆疊來配合實現。< / li >
< li > < strong > 程式記憶體管理< / strong > 。每次呼叫函式時，系統都會在堆疊頂新增一個堆疊幀，用於記錄函式的上下文資訊。在遞迴函式中，向下遞推階段會不斷執行入堆疊操作，而向上回溯階段則會不斷執行出堆疊操作。< / li >
< / ul >
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