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80 lines
2 KiB
Java
80 lines
2 KiB
Java
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/**
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* File: recursion.java
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* Created Time: 2023-08-24
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_computational_complexity;
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import java.util.Stack;
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public class recursion {
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/* 遞迴 */
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static int recur(int n) {
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// 終止條件
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if (n == 1)
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return 1;
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// 遞:遞迴呼叫
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int res = recur(n - 1);
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// 迴:返回結果
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return n + res;
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}
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/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
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static int forLoopRecur(int n) {
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// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
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Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
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int res = 0;
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// 遞:遞迴呼叫
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for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
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// 透過“入堆疊操作”模擬“遞”
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stack.push(i);
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}
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// 迴:返回結果
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while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
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// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
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res += stack.pop();
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}
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// res = 1+2+3+...+n
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return res;
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}
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/* 尾遞迴 */
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static int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
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// 終止條件
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if (n == 0)
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return res;
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// 尾遞迴呼叫
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return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
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}
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/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
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static int fib(int n) {
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// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
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if (n == 1 || n == 2)
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return n - 1;
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// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
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int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
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// 返回結果 f(n)
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int n = 5;
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int res;
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res = recur(n);
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System.out.println("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
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res = forLoopRecur(n);
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System.out.println("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = " + res);
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res = tailRecur(n, 0);
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System.out.println("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
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res = fib(n);
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System.out.println("\n費波那契數列的第 " + n + " 項為 " + res);
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}
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}
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