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Chapter 0. Preface
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Chapter 0. Preface
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2023-12-27 00:48:07 +08:00
0.1 About This Book
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
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0.2 How to Read
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< h1 id = "24-space-complexity" > 2.4 Space Complexity< a class = "headerlink" href = "#24-space-complexity" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
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< p > "Space complexity" is used to measure the growth trend of the memory space occupied by an algorithm as the amount of data increases. This concept is very similar to time complexity, except that "running time" is replaced with "occupied memory space".< / p >
< h2 id = "241-space-related-to-algorithms" > 2.4.1 Space Related to Algorithms< a class = "headerlink" href = "#241-space-related-to-algorithms" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > The memory space used by an algorithm during its execution mainly includes the following types.< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < strong > Input Space< / strong > : Used to store the input data of the algorithm.< / li >
< li > < strong > Temporary Space< / strong > : Used to store variables, objects, function contexts, and other data during the algorithm's execution.< / li >
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< li > < strong > Output Space< / strong > : Used to store the output data of the algorithm.< / li >
< / ul >
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< p > Generally, the scope of space complexity statistics includes both "Temporary Space" and "Output Space".< / p >
< p > Temporary space can be further divided into three parts.< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < strong > Temporary Data< / strong > : Used to save various constants, variables, objects, etc., during the algorithm's execution.< / li >
< li > < strong > Stack Frame Space< / strong > : Used to save the context data of the called function. The system creates a stack frame at the top of the stack each time a function is called, and the stack frame space is released after the function returns.< / li >
< li > < strong > Instruction Space< / strong > : Used to store compiled program instructions, which are usually negligible in actual statistics.< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > When analyzing the space complexity of a program, < strong > we typically count the Temporary Data, Stack Frame Space, and Output Data< / strong > , as shown in the Figure 2-15 .< / p >
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../space_complexity.assets/space_types.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Space Types Used in Algorithms" class = "animation-figure" src = "../space_complexity.assets/space_types.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 2-15 Space Types Used in Algorithms < / p >
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< p > The relevant code is as follows:< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_10" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_11" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_12" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Classes" " " < / span > < span class = "s2" > " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "fm" > __init__< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "c1" > # node value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > self< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "c1" > # reference to the next node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " " Functions" " " < / span > < span class = "s2" > " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "c1" > # input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > A< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > # temporary data (constant, usually in uppercase)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > # temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > # Stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > A< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "c1" > # output data< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Structures */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-19" name = "__codelineno-1-19" href = "#__codelineno-1-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-20" name = "__codelineno-1-20" href = "#__codelineno-1-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > final< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-17" name = "__codelineno-2-17" href = "#__codelineno-2-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-18" name = "__codelineno-2-18" href = "#__codelineno-2-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-19" name = "__codelineno-2-19" href = "#__codelineno-2-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-20" name = "__codelineno-2-20" href = "#__codelineno-2-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-19" name = "__codelineno-3-19" href = "#__codelineno-3-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-20" name = "__codelineno-3-20" href = "#__codelineno-3-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Structures */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > type< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Create node structure */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary storage of data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-21" name = "__codelineno-4-21" href = "#__codelineno-4-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-22" name = "__codelineno-4-22" href = "#__codelineno-4-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-23" name = "__codelineno-4-23" href = "#__codelineno-4-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-24" name = "__codelineno-4-24" href = "#__codelineno-4-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > ?< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-19" name = "__codelineno-5-19" href = "#__codelineno-5-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-20" name = "__codelineno-5-20" href = "#__codelineno-5-20" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-21" name = "__codelineno-5-21" href = "#__codelineno-5-21" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-22" name = "__codelineno-5-22" href = "#__codelineno-5-22" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-23" name = "__codelineno-5-23" href = "#__codelineno-5-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-6" name = "__codelineno-6-6" href = "#__codelineno-6-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > undefined< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // node value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-7" name = "__codelineno-6-7" href = "#__codelineno-6-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // reference to the next node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-8" name = "__codelineno-6-8" href = "#__codelineno-6-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-9" name = "__codelineno-6-9" href = "#__codelineno-6-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-10" name = "__codelineno-6-10" href = "#__codelineno-6-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-11" name = "__codelineno-6-11" href = "#__codelineno-6-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-12" name = "__codelineno-6-12" href = "#__codelineno-6-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-13" name = "__codelineno-6-13" href = "#__codelineno-6-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-14" name = "__codelineno-6-14" href = "#__codelineno-6-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-15" name = "__codelineno-6-15" href = "#__codelineno-6-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-16" name = "__codelineno-6-16" href = "#__codelineno-6-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-17" name = "__codelineno-6-17" href = "#__codelineno-6-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-18" name = "__codelineno-6-18" href = "#__codelineno-6-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-19" name = "__codelineno-6-19" href = "#__codelineno-6-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-20" name = "__codelineno-6-20" href = "#__codelineno-6-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-21" name = "__codelineno-6-21" href = "#__codelineno-6-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Stack frame space (calling function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-22" name = "__codelineno-6-22" href = "#__codelineno-6-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-23" name = "__codelineno-6-23" href = "#__codelineno-6-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > constructor< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > val?< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > undefined< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // node value< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > next< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // reference to the next node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Stack frame space (calling function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-23" name = "__codelineno-7-23" href = "#__codelineno-7-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Classes */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > class< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "k" > this< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-19" name = "__codelineno-8-19" href = "#__codelineno-8-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-20" name = "__codelineno-8-20" href = "#__codelineno-8-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > use< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > ::< span class = "n" > rc< / span > ::< span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-2" name = "__codelineno-9-2" href = "#__codelineno-9-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > use< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > ::< span class = "n" > cell< / span > ::< span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-3" name = "__codelineno-9-3" href = "#__codelineno-9-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-4" name = "__codelineno-9-4" href = "#__codelineno-9-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Structures */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-5" name = "__codelineno-9-5" href = "#__codelineno-9-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "nc" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-6" name = "__codelineno-9-6" href = "#__codelineno-9-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-7" name = "__codelineno-9-7" href = "#__codelineno-9-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "o" > > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-8" name = "__codelineno-9-8" href = "#__codelineno-9-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-9" name = "__codelineno-9-9" href = "#__codelineno-9-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-10" name = "__codelineno-9-10" href = "#__codelineno-9-10" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Creating a Node structure */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-11" name = "__codelineno-9-11" href = "#__codelineno-9-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > impl< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-12" name = "__codelineno-9-12" href = "#__codelineno-9-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nc" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-13" name = "__codelineno-9-13" href = "#__codelineno-9-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "bp" > Self< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > : < span class = "nc" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > next< / span > : < span class = "nb" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-14" name = "__codelineno-9-14" href = "#__codelineno-9-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-15" name = "__codelineno-9-15" href = "#__codelineno-9-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-16" name = "__codelineno-9-16" href = "#__codelineno-9-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-17" name = "__codelineno-9-17" href = "#__codelineno-9-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-18" name = "__codelineno-9-18" href = "#__codelineno-9-18" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-19" name = "__codelineno-9-19" href = "#__codelineno-9-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-20" name = "__codelineno-9-20" href = "#__codelineno-9-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-21" name = "__codelineno-9-21" href = "#__codelineno-9-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-22" name = "__codelineno-9-22" href = "#__codelineno-9-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-23" name = "__codelineno-9-23" href = "#__codelineno-9-23" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-24" name = "__codelineno-9-24" href = "#__codelineno-9-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-25" name = "__codelineno-9-25" href = "#__codelineno-9-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-26" name = "__codelineno-9-26" href = "#__codelineno-9-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Node< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (object)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-27" name = "__codelineno-9-27" href = "#__codelineno-9-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-28" name = "__codelineno-9-28" href = "#__codelineno-9-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-29" name = "__codelineno-9-29" href = "#__codelineno-9-29" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Functions */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-2" name = "__codelineno-10-2" href = "#__codelineno-10-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-3" name = "__codelineno-10-3" href = "#__codelineno-10-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-4" name = "__codelineno-10-4" href = "#__codelineno-10-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-5" name = "__codelineno-10-5" href = "#__codelineno-10-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-6" name = "__codelineno-10-6" href = "#__codelineno-10-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-7" name = "__codelineno-10-7" href = "#__codelineno-10-7" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // input data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-8" name = "__codelineno-10-8" href = "#__codelineno-10-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (constant)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-9" name = "__codelineno-10-9" href = "#__codelineno-10-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // temporary data (variable)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-10" name = "__codelineno-10-10" href = "#__codelineno-10-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // stack frame space (call function)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-11" name = "__codelineno-10-11" href = "#__codelineno-10-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // output data< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-12" name = "__codelineno-10-12" href = "#__codelineno-10-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< h2 id = "242-calculation-method" > 2.4.2 Calculation Method< a class = "headerlink" href = "#242-calculation-method" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > The method for calculating space complexity is roughly similar to that of time complexity, with the only change being the shift of the statistical object from "number of operations" to "size of used space".< / p >
< p > However, unlike time complexity, < strong > we usually only focus on the worst-case space complexity< / strong > . This is because memory space is a hard requirement, and we must ensure that there is enough memory space reserved under all input data.< / p >
< p > Consider the following code, the term "worst-case" in worst-case space complexity has two meanings.< / p >
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< ol >
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< li > < strong > Based on the worst input data< / strong > : When < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n < 10\)< / span > , the space complexity is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > ; but when < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n > 10\)< / span > , the initialized array < code > nums< / code > occupies < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > space, thus the worst-case space complexity is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > .< / li >
< li > < strong > Based on the peak memory used during the algorithm's execution< / strong > : For example, before executing the last line, the program occupies < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > space; when initializing the array < code > nums< / code > , the program occupies < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > space, hence the worst-case space complexity is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > .< / li >
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< / ol >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_4" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_5" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_6" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_7" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_8" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_9" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_10" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_11" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_12" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-2" name = "__codelineno-12-2" href = "#__codelineno-12-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > # O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-3" name = "__codelineno-12-3" href = "#__codelineno-12-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "c1" > # O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-4" name = "__codelineno-12-4" href = "#__codelineno-12-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-5" name = "__codelineno-12-5" href = "#__codelineno-12-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "c1" > # O(n)< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-13-1" name = "__codelineno-13-1" href = "#__codelineno-13-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-2" name = "__codelineno-13-2" href = "#__codelineno-13-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-3" name = "__codelineno-13-3" href = "#__codelineno-13-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-4" name = "__codelineno-13-4" href = "#__codelineno-13-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-5" name = "__codelineno-13-5" href = "#__codelineno-13-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-6" name = "__codelineno-13-6" href = "#__codelineno-13-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-14-1" name = "__codelineno-14-1" href = "#__codelineno-14-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-2" name = "__codelineno-14-2" href = "#__codelineno-14-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-3" name = "__codelineno-14-3" href = "#__codelineno-14-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-4" name = "__codelineno-14-4" href = "#__codelineno-14-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-5" name = "__codelineno-14-5" href = "#__codelineno-14-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-6" name = "__codelineno-14-6" href = "#__codelineno-14-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-15-1" name = "__codelineno-15-1" href = "#__codelineno-15-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-2" name = "__codelineno-15-2" href = "#__codelineno-15-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-3" name = "__codelineno-15-3" href = "#__codelineno-15-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-4" name = "__codelineno-15-4" href = "#__codelineno-15-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-5" name = "__codelineno-15-5" href = "#__codelineno-15-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-6" name = "__codelineno-15-6" href = "#__codelineno-15-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-7" name = "__codelineno-15-7" href = "#__codelineno-15-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-16-1" name = "__codelineno-16-1" href = "#__codelineno-16-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-2" name = "__codelineno-16-2" href = "#__codelineno-16-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-3" name = "__codelineno-16-3" href = "#__codelineno-16-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-4" name = "__codelineno-16-4" href = "#__codelineno-16-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-5" name = "__codelineno-16-5" href = "#__codelineno-16-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-6" name = "__codelineno-16-6" href = "#__codelineno-16-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-7" name = "__codelineno-16-7" href = "#__codelineno-16-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-8" name = "__codelineno-16-8" href = "#__codelineno-16-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-9" name = "__codelineno-16-9" href = "#__codelineno-16-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-17-1" name = "__codelineno-17-1" href = "#__codelineno-17-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-2" name = "__codelineno-17-2" href = "#__codelineno-17-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-3" name = "__codelineno-17-3" href = "#__codelineno-17-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-4" name = "__codelineno-17-4" href = "#__codelineno-17-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-5" name = "__codelineno-17-5" href = "#__codelineno-17-5" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-6" name = "__codelineno-17-6" href = "#__codelineno-17-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-7" name = "__codelineno-17-7" href = "#__codelineno-17-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-18-1" name = "__codelineno-18-1" href = "#__codelineno-18-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-2" name = "__codelineno-18-2" href = "#__codelineno-18-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-3" name = "__codelineno-18-3" href = "#__codelineno-18-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-4" name = "__codelineno-18-4" href = "#__codelineno-18-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-5" name = "__codelineno-18-5" href = "#__codelineno-18-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-6" name = "__codelineno-18-6" href = "#__codelineno-18-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-7" name = "__codelineno-18-7" href = "#__codelineno-18-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-19-1" name = "__codelineno-19-1" href = "#__codelineno-19-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-2" name = "__codelineno-19-2" href = "#__codelineno-19-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-3" name = "__codelineno-19-3" href = "#__codelineno-19-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-4" name = "__codelineno-19-4" href = "#__codelineno-19-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-5" name = "__codelineno-19-5" href = "#__codelineno-19-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-6" name = "__codelineno-19-6" href = "#__codelineno-19-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-7" name = "__codelineno-19-7" href = "#__codelineno-19-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-20-1" name = "__codelineno-20-1" href = "#__codelineno-20-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-2" name = "__codelineno-20-2" href = "#__codelineno-20-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-3" name = "__codelineno-20-3" href = "#__codelineno-20-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-4" name = "__codelineno-20-4" href = "#__codelineno-20-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-5" name = "__codelineno-20-5" href = "#__codelineno-20-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-6" name = "__codelineno-20-6" href = "#__codelineno-20-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-7" name = "__codelineno-20-7" href = "#__codelineno-20-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-21-1" name = "__codelineno-21-1" href = "#__codelineno-21-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-2" name = "__codelineno-21-2" href = "#__codelineno-21-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-3" name = "__codelineno-21-3" href = "#__codelineno-21-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-4" name = "__codelineno-21-4" href = "#__codelineno-21-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-5" name = "__codelineno-21-5" href = "#__codelineno-21-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-6" name = "__codelineno-21-6" href = "#__codelineno-21-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-7" name = "__codelineno-21-7" href = "#__codelineno-21-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-22-1" name = "__codelineno-22-1" href = "#__codelineno-22-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > algorithm< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-2" name = "__codelineno-22-2" href = "#__codelineno-22-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-3" name = "__codelineno-22-3" href = "#__codelineno-22-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(1)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-4" name = "__codelineno-22-4" href = "#__codelineno-22-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-5" name = "__codelineno-22-5" href = "#__codelineno-22-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-6" name = "__codelineno-22-6" href = "#__codelineno-22-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-23-1" name = "__codelineno-23-1" href = "#__codelineno-23-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< p > < strong > In recursive functions, stack frame space must be taken into count< / strong > . Consider the following code:< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "3:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_3_1" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_2" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_3" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_4" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_5" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_6" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_7" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_8" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_9" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_10" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_11" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_12" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_3_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-24-1" name = "__codelineno-24-1" href = "#__codelineno-24-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-2" name = "__codelineno-24-2" href = "#__codelineno-24-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-3" name = "__codelineno-24-3" href = "#__codelineno-24-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-4" name = "__codelineno-24-4" href = "#__codelineno-24-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-5" name = "__codelineno-24-5" href = "#__codelineno-24-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-6" name = "__codelineno-24-6" href = "#__codelineno-24-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Loop O(1)" " " < / span > < span class = "s2" > " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-7" name = "__codelineno-24-7" href = "#__codelineno-24-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-8" name = "__codelineno-24-8" href = "#__codelineno-24-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-9" name = "__codelineno-24-9" href = "#__codelineno-24-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-10" name = "__codelineno-24-10" href = "#__codelineno-24-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-11" name = "__codelineno-24-11" href = "#__codelineno-24-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " Recursion O(n)" " " < / span > < span class = "s2" > " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-12" name = "__codelineno-24-12" href = "#__codelineno-24-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-13" name = "__codelineno-24-13" href = "#__codelineno-24-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-25-1" name = "__codelineno-25-1" href = "#__codelineno-25-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-2" name = "__codelineno-25-2" href = "#__codelineno-25-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-3" name = "__codelineno-25-3" href = "#__codelineno-25-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-4" name = "__codelineno-25-4" href = "#__codelineno-25-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-5" name = "__codelineno-25-5" href = "#__codelineno-25-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-6" name = "__codelineno-25-6" href = "#__codelineno-25-6" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-7" name = "__codelineno-25-7" href = "#__codelineno-25-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-8" name = "__codelineno-25-8" href = "#__codelineno-25-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-9" name = "__codelineno-25-9" href = "#__codelineno-25-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-10" name = "__codelineno-25-10" href = "#__codelineno-25-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-11" name = "__codelineno-25-11" href = "#__codelineno-25-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-12" name = "__codelineno-25-12" href = "#__codelineno-25-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-13" name = "__codelineno-25-13" href = "#__codelineno-25-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-14" name = "__codelineno-25-14" href = "#__codelineno-25-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-15" name = "__codelineno-25-15" href = "#__codelineno-25-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-26-1" name = "__codelineno-26-1" href = "#__codelineno-26-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-2" name = "__codelineno-26-2" href = "#__codelineno-26-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-3" name = "__codelineno-26-3" href = "#__codelineno-26-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-4" name = "__codelineno-26-4" href = "#__codelineno-26-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-5" name = "__codelineno-26-5" href = "#__codelineno-26-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-6" name = "__codelineno-26-6" href = "#__codelineno-26-6" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-7" name = "__codelineno-26-7" href = "#__codelineno-26-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-8" name = "__codelineno-26-8" href = "#__codelineno-26-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-9" name = "__codelineno-26-9" href = "#__codelineno-26-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-10" name = "__codelineno-26-10" href = "#__codelineno-26-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-11" name = "__codelineno-26-11" href = "#__codelineno-26-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-12" name = "__codelineno-26-12" href = "#__codelineno-26-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-13" name = "__codelineno-26-13" href = "#__codelineno-26-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-14" name = "__codelineno-26-14" href = "#__codelineno-26-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-15" name = "__codelineno-26-15" href = "#__codelineno-26-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-27-1" name = "__codelineno-27-1" href = "#__codelineno-27-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-2" name = "__codelineno-27-2" href = "#__codelineno-27-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-3" name = "__codelineno-27-3" href = "#__codelineno-27-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-4" name = "__codelineno-27-4" href = "#__codelineno-27-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-5" name = "__codelineno-27-5" href = "#__codelineno-27-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-6" name = "__codelineno-27-6" href = "#__codelineno-27-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-7" name = "__codelineno-27-7" href = "#__codelineno-27-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-8" name = "__codelineno-27-8" href = "#__codelineno-27-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-9" name = "__codelineno-27-9" href = "#__codelineno-27-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-10" name = "__codelineno-27-10" href = "#__codelineno-27-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-11" name = "__codelineno-27-11" href = "#__codelineno-27-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-12" name = "__codelineno-27-12" href = "#__codelineno-27-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-13" name = "__codelineno-27-13" href = "#__codelineno-27-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-14" name = "__codelineno-27-14" href = "#__codelineno-27-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-15" name = "__codelineno-27-15" href = "#__codelineno-27-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-28-1" name = "__codelineno-28-1" href = "#__codelineno-28-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-2" name = "__codelineno-28-2" href = "#__codelineno-28-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-3" name = "__codelineno-28-3" href = "#__codelineno-28-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-4" name = "__codelineno-28-4" href = "#__codelineno-28-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-5" name = "__codelineno-28-5" href = "#__codelineno-28-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-6" name = "__codelineno-28-6" href = "#__codelineno-28-6" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-7" name = "__codelineno-28-7" href = "#__codelineno-28-7" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-8" name = "__codelineno-28-8" href = "#__codelineno-28-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-9" name = "__codelineno-28-9" href = "#__codelineno-28-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-10" name = "__codelineno-28-10" href = "#__codelineno-28-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-11" name = "__codelineno-28-11" href = "#__codelineno-28-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-12" name = "__codelineno-28-12" href = "#__codelineno-28-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-13" name = "__codelineno-28-13" href = "#__codelineno-28-13" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-14" name = "__codelineno-28-14" href = "#__codelineno-28-14" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-15" name = "__codelineno-28-15" href = "#__codelineno-28-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-16" name = "__codelineno-28-16" href = "#__codelineno-28-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-17" name = "__codelineno-28-17" href = "#__codelineno-28-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-18" name = "__codelineno-28-18" href = "#__codelineno-28-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-28-19" name = "__codelineno-28-19" href = "#__codelineno-28-19" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-29-1" name = "__codelineno-29-1" href = "#__codelineno-29-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > @< / span > < span class = "n" > discardableResult< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-2" name = "__codelineno-29-2" href = "#__codelineno-29-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-3" name = "__codelineno-29-3" href = "#__codelineno-29-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-4" name = "__codelineno-29-4" href = "#__codelineno-29-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-5" name = "__codelineno-29-5" href = "#__codelineno-29-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-6" name = "__codelineno-29-6" href = "#__codelineno-29-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-7" name = "__codelineno-29-7" href = "#__codelineno-29-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-8" name = "__codelineno-29-8" href = "#__codelineno-29-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-9" name = "__codelineno-29-9" href = "#__codelineno-29-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "kc" > _< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ..< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-10" name = "__codelineno-29-10" href = "#__codelineno-29-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-11" name = "__codelineno-29-11" href = "#__codelineno-29-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-12" name = "__codelineno-29-12" href = "#__codelineno-29-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-13" name = "__codelineno-29-13" href = "#__codelineno-29-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-14" name = "__codelineno-29-14" href = "#__codelineno-29-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-15" name = "__codelineno-29-15" href = "#__codelineno-29-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-16" name = "__codelineno-29-16" href = "#__codelineno-29-16" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-17" name = "__codelineno-29-17" href = "#__codelineno-29-17" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-18" name = "__codelineno-29-18" href = "#__codelineno-29-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-19" name = "__codelineno-29-19" href = "#__codelineno-29-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-29-20" name = "__codelineno-29-20" href = "#__codelineno-29-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-30-1" name = "__codelineno-30-1" href = "#__codelineno-30-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-2" name = "__codelineno-30-2" href = "#__codelineno-30-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-3" name = "__codelineno-30-3" href = "#__codelineno-30-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-4" name = "__codelineno-30-4" href = "#__codelineno-30-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-5" name = "__codelineno-30-5" href = "#__codelineno-30-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-6" name = "__codelineno-30-6" href = "#__codelineno-30-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-7" name = "__codelineno-30-7" href = "#__codelineno-30-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-8" name = "__codelineno-30-8" href = "#__codelineno-30-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-9" name = "__codelineno-30-9" href = "#__codelineno-30-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-10" name = "__codelineno-30-10" href = "#__codelineno-30-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-11" name = "__codelineno-30-11" href = "#__codelineno-30-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-12" name = "__codelineno-30-12" href = "#__codelineno-30-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-13" name = "__codelineno-30-13" href = "#__codelineno-30-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-14" name = "__codelineno-30-14" href = "#__codelineno-30-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-30-15" name = "__codelineno-30-15" href = "#__codelineno-30-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-31-1" name = "__codelineno-31-1" href = "#__codelineno-31-1" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-2" name = "__codelineno-31-2" href = "#__codelineno-31-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-3" name = "__codelineno-31-3" href = "#__codelineno-31-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-4" name = "__codelineno-31-4" href = "#__codelineno-31-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-5" name = "__codelineno-31-5" href = "#__codelineno-31-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-6" name = "__codelineno-31-6" href = "#__codelineno-31-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-7" name = "__codelineno-31-7" href = "#__codelineno-31-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-8" name = "__codelineno-31-8" href = "#__codelineno-31-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-9" name = "__codelineno-31-9" href = "#__codelineno-31-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-10" name = "__codelineno-31-10" href = "#__codelineno-31-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-11" name = "__codelineno-31-11" href = "#__codelineno-31-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-12" name = "__codelineno-31-12" href = "#__codelineno-31-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-13" name = "__codelineno-31-13" href = "#__codelineno-31-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-14" name = "__codelineno-31-14" href = "#__codelineno-31-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-31-15" name = "__codelineno-31-15" href = "#__codelineno-31-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-32-1" name = "__codelineno-32-1" href = "#__codelineno-32-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-2" name = "__codelineno-32-2" href = "#__codelineno-32-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-3" name = "__codelineno-32-3" href = "#__codelineno-32-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-4" name = "__codelineno-32-4" href = "#__codelineno-32-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-5" name = "__codelineno-32-5" href = "#__codelineno-32-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-6" name = "__codelineno-32-6" href = "#__codelineno-32-6" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-7" name = "__codelineno-32-7" href = "#__codelineno-32-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-8" name = "__codelineno-32-8" href = "#__codelineno-32-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-9" name = "__codelineno-32-9" href = "#__codelineno-32-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-10" name = "__codelineno-32-10" href = "#__codelineno-32-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-11" name = "__codelineno-32-11" href = "#__codelineno-32-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-12" name = "__codelineno-32-12" href = "#__codelineno-32-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-13" name = "__codelineno-32-13" href = "#__codelineno-32-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-14" name = "__codelineno-32-14" href = "#__codelineno-32-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-32-15" name = "__codelineno-32-15" href = "#__codelineno-32-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-33-1" name = "__codelineno-33-1" href = "#__codelineno-33-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-2" name = "__codelineno-33-2" href = "#__codelineno-33-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-3" name = "__codelineno-33-3" href = "#__codelineno-33-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-4" name = "__codelineno-33-4" href = "#__codelineno-33-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-5" name = "__codelineno-33-5" href = "#__codelineno-33-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-6" name = "__codelineno-33-6" href = "#__codelineno-33-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-7" name = "__codelineno-33-7" href = "#__codelineno-33-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-8" name = "__codelineno-33-8" href = "#__codelineno-33-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-9" name = "__codelineno-33-9" href = "#__codelineno-33-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-10" name = "__codelineno-33-10" href = "#__codelineno-33-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-11" name = "__codelineno-33-11" href = "#__codelineno-33-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-12" name = "__codelineno-33-12" href = "#__codelineno-33-12" > < / a > < span class = "n" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-13" name = "__codelineno-33-13" href = "#__codelineno-33-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-14" name = "__codelineno-33-14" href = "#__codelineno-33-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-15" name = "__codelineno-33-15" href = "#__codelineno-33-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-16" name = "__codelineno-33-16" href = "#__codelineno-33-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-33-17" name = "__codelineno-33-17" href = "#__codelineno-33-17" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-34-1" name = "__codelineno-34-1" href = "#__codelineno-34-1" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-2" name = "__codelineno-34-2" href = "#__codelineno-34-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // Perform certain operations< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-3" name = "__codelineno-34-3" href = "#__codelineno-34-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-4" name = "__codelineno-34-4" href = "#__codelineno-34-4" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-5" name = "__codelineno-34-5" href = "#__codelineno-34-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Cycle O(1) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-6" name = "__codelineno-34-6" href = "#__codelineno-34-6" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > loop< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-7" name = "__codelineno-34-7" href = "#__codelineno-34-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-8" name = "__codelineno-34-8" href = "#__codelineno-34-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-9" name = "__codelineno-34-9" href = "#__codelineno-34-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-10" name = "__codelineno-34-10" href = "#__codelineno-34-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-11" name = "__codelineno-34-11" href = "#__codelineno-34-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* Recursion O(n) */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-12" name = "__codelineno-34-12" href = "#__codelineno-34-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-13" name = "__codelineno-34-13" href = "#__codelineno-34-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-14" name = "__codelineno-34-14" href = "#__codelineno-34-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-34-15" name = "__codelineno-34-15" href = "#__codelineno-34-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-35-1" name = "__codelineno-35-1" href = "#__codelineno-35-1" > < / a >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< p > The time complexity of both < code > loop()< / code > and < code > recur()< / code > functions is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > , but their space complexities differ.< / p >
< ul >
< li > The < code > loop()< / code > function calls < code > function()< / code > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > times in a loop, where each iteration's < code > function()< / code > returns and releases its stack frame space, so the space complexity remains < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > .< / li >
< li > The recursive function < code > recur()< / code > will have < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > instances of unreturned < code > recur()< / code > existing simultaneously during its execution, thus occupying < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > stack frame space.< / li >
< / ul >
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< h2 id = "243-common-types" > 2.4.3 Common Types< a class = "headerlink" href = "#243-common-types" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Let the size of the input data be < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > , the following chart displays common types of space complexities (arranged from low to high).< / p >
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< div class = "arithmatex" > \[
\begin{aligned}
O(1) < O(\log n) < O(n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) \newline
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\text{Constant Order} < \text{Logarithmic Order} < \text{Linear Order} < \text{Quadratic Order} < \text{Exponential Order}
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\end{aligned}
\]< / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_common_types.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Common Types of Space Complexity" class = "animation-figure" src = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_common_types.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 2-16 Common Types of Space Complexity < / p >
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< h3 id = "1-constant-order-o1" > 1. Constant Order < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < a class = "headerlink" href = "#1-constant-order-o1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > Constant order is common in constants, variables, objects that are independent of the size of input data < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > .< / p >
< p > Note that memory occupied by initializing variables or calling functions in a loop, which is released upon entering the next cycle, does not accumulate over space, thus the space complexity remains < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > :< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "4:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_4_1" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_2" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_3" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_4" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_5" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_6" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_7" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_8" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_9" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_10" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_11" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_12" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_4_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-36-1" name = "__codelineno-36-1" href = "#__codelineno-36-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-2" name = "__codelineno-36-2" href = "#__codelineno-36-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 函数" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-3" name = "__codelineno-36-3" href = "#__codelineno-36-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-4" name = "__codelineno-36-4" href = "#__codelineno-36-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-5" name = "__codelineno-36-5" href = "#__codelineno-36-5" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-6" name = "__codelineno-36-6" href = "#__codelineno-36-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-7" name = "__codelineno-36-7" href = "#__codelineno-36-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 常数阶" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-8" name = "__codelineno-36-8" href = "#__codelineno-36-8" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-9" name = "__codelineno-36-9" href = "#__codelineno-36-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-10" name = "__codelineno-36-10" href = "#__codelineno-36-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-11" name = "__codelineno-36-11" href = "#__codelineno-36-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-12" name = "__codelineno-36-12" href = "#__codelineno-36-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-13" name = "__codelineno-36-13" href = "#__codelineno-36-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-14" name = "__codelineno-36-14" href = "#__codelineno-36-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-15" name = "__codelineno-36-15" href = "#__codelineno-36-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-16" name = "__codelineno-36-16" href = "#__codelineno-36-16" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-36-17" name = "__codelineno-36-17" href = "#__codelineno-36-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-37-1" name = "__codelineno-37-1" href = "#__codelineno-37-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-2" name = "__codelineno-37-2" href = "#__codelineno-37-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-3" name = "__codelineno-37-3" href = "#__codelineno-37-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-4" name = "__codelineno-37-4" href = "#__codelineno-37-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-5" name = "__codelineno-37-5" href = "#__codelineno-37-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-6" name = "__codelineno-37-6" href = "#__codelineno-37-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-7" name = "__codelineno-37-7" href = "#__codelineno-37-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-8" name = "__codelineno-37-8" href = "#__codelineno-37-8" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-9" name = "__codelineno-37-9" href = "#__codelineno-37-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-10" name = "__codelineno-37-10" href = "#__codelineno-37-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-11" name = "__codelineno-37-11" href = "#__codelineno-37-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-12" name = "__codelineno-37-12" href = "#__codelineno-37-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-13" name = "__codelineno-37-13" href = "#__codelineno-37-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-14" name = "__codelineno-37-14" href = "#__codelineno-37-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-15" name = "__codelineno-37-15" href = "#__codelineno-37-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-16" name = "__codelineno-37-16" href = "#__codelineno-37-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-17" name = "__codelineno-37-17" href = "#__codelineno-37-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-18" name = "__codelineno-37-18" href = "#__codelineno-37-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-19" name = "__codelineno-37-19" href = "#__codelineno-37-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-20" name = "__codelineno-37-20" href = "#__codelineno-37-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-21" name = "__codelineno-37-21" href = "#__codelineno-37-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-37-22" name = "__codelineno-37-22" href = "#__codelineno-37-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-38-1" name = "__codelineno-38-1" href = "#__codelineno-38-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-2" name = "__codelineno-38-2" href = "#__codelineno-38-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-3" name = "__codelineno-38-3" href = "#__codelineno-38-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-4" name = "__codelineno-38-4" href = "#__codelineno-38-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-5" name = "__codelineno-38-5" href = "#__codelineno-38-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-6" name = "__codelineno-38-6" href = "#__codelineno-38-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-7" name = "__codelineno-38-7" href = "#__codelineno-38-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-8" name = "__codelineno-38-8" href = "#__codelineno-38-8" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-9" name = "__codelineno-38-9" href = "#__codelineno-38-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-10" name = "__codelineno-38-10" href = "#__codelineno-38-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > final< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-11" name = "__codelineno-38-11" href = "#__codelineno-38-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-12" name = "__codelineno-38-12" href = "#__codelineno-38-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-13" name = "__codelineno-38-13" href = "#__codelineno-38-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-14" name = "__codelineno-38-14" href = "#__codelineno-38-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-15" name = "__codelineno-38-15" href = "#__codelineno-38-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-16" name = "__codelineno-38-16" href = "#__codelineno-38-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-17" name = "__codelineno-38-17" href = "#__codelineno-38-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-18" name = "__codelineno-38-18" href = "#__codelineno-38-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-19" name = "__codelineno-38-19" href = "#__codelineno-38-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-20" name = "__codelineno-38-20" href = "#__codelineno-38-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-21" name = "__codelineno-38-21" href = "#__codelineno-38-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-38-22" name = "__codelineno-38-22" href = "#__codelineno-38-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-39-1" name = "__codelineno-39-1" href = "#__codelineno-39-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-2" name = "__codelineno-39-2" href = "#__codelineno-39-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-3" name = "__codelineno-39-3" href = "#__codelineno-39-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-4" name = "__codelineno-39-4" href = "#__codelineno-39-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-5" name = "__codelineno-39-5" href = "#__codelineno-39-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-6" name = "__codelineno-39-6" href = "#__codelineno-39-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-7" name = "__codelineno-39-7" href = "#__codelineno-39-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-8" name = "__codelineno-39-8" href = "#__codelineno-39-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-9" name = "__codelineno-39-9" href = "#__codelineno-39-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-10" name = "__codelineno-39-10" href = "#__codelineno-39-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-11" name = "__codelineno-39-11" href = "#__codelineno-39-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-12" name = "__codelineno-39-12" href = "#__codelineno-39-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "m" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-13" name = "__codelineno-39-13" href = "#__codelineno-39-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-14" name = "__codelineno-39-14" href = "#__codelineno-39-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-15" name = "__codelineno-39-15" href = "#__codelineno-39-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-16" name = "__codelineno-39-16" href = "#__codelineno-39-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-17" name = "__codelineno-39-17" href = "#__codelineno-39-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-18" name = "__codelineno-39-18" href = "#__codelineno-39-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-19" name = "__codelineno-39-19" href = "#__codelineno-39-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-20" name = "__codelineno-39-20" href = "#__codelineno-39-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-21" name = "__codelineno-39-21" href = "#__codelineno-39-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-39-22" name = "__codelineno-39-22" href = "#__codelineno-39-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-40-1" name = "__codelineno-40-1" href = "#__codelineno-40-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-2" name = "__codelineno-40-2" href = "#__codelineno-40-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-3" name = "__codelineno-40-3" href = "#__codelineno-40-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作...< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-4" name = "__codelineno-40-4" href = "#__codelineno-40-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-5" name = "__codelineno-40-5" href = "#__codelineno-40-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-6" name = "__codelineno-40-6" href = "#__codelineno-40-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-7" name = "__codelineno-40-7" href = "#__codelineno-40-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-8" name = "__codelineno-40-8" href = "#__codelineno-40-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceConstant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-9" name = "__codelineno-40-9" href = "#__codelineno-40-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-10" name = "__codelineno-40-10" href = "#__codelineno-40-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-11" name = "__codelineno-40-11" href = "#__codelineno-40-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-12" name = "__codelineno-40-12" href = "#__codelineno-40-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-13" name = "__codelineno-40-13" href = "#__codelineno-40-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-14" name = "__codelineno-40-14" href = "#__codelineno-40-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-15" name = "__codelineno-40-15" href = "#__codelineno-40-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-16" name = "__codelineno-40-16" href = "#__codelineno-40-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-17" name = "__codelineno-40-17" href = "#__codelineno-40-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-18" name = "__codelineno-40-18" href = "#__codelineno-40-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-19" name = "__codelineno-40-19" href = "#__codelineno-40-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-20" name = "__codelineno-40-20" href = "#__codelineno-40-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-21" name = "__codelineno-40-21" href = "#__codelineno-40-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-22" name = "__codelineno-40-22" href = "#__codelineno-40-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-23" name = "__codelineno-40-23" href = "#__codelineno-40-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-40-24" name = "__codelineno-40-24" href = "#__codelineno-40-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-41-1" name = "__codelineno-41-1" href = "#__codelineno-41-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-2" name = "__codelineno-41-2" href = "#__codelineno-41-2" > < / a > < span class = "p" > @< / span > < span class = "n" > discardableResult< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-3" name = "__codelineno-41-3" href = "#__codelineno-41-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-4" name = "__codelineno-41-4" href = "#__codelineno-41-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-5" name = "__codelineno-41-5" href = "#__codelineno-41-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-6" name = "__codelineno-41-6" href = "#__codelineno-41-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-7" name = "__codelineno-41-7" href = "#__codelineno-41-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-8" name = "__codelineno-41-8" href = "#__codelineno-41-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-9" name = "__codelineno-41-9" href = "#__codelineno-41-9" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-10" name = "__codelineno-41-10" href = "#__codelineno-41-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-11" name = "__codelineno-41-11" href = "#__codelineno-41-11" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-12" name = "__codelineno-41-12" href = "#__codelineno-41-12" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-13" name = "__codelineno-41-13" href = "#__codelineno-41-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-14" name = "__codelineno-41-14" href = "#__codelineno-41-14" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-15" name = "__codelineno-41-15" href = "#__codelineno-41-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-16" name = "__codelineno-41-16" href = "#__codelineno-41-16" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "kc" > _< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ..< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-17" name = "__codelineno-41-17" href = "#__codelineno-41-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-18" name = "__codelineno-41-18" href = "#__codelineno-41-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-19" name = "__codelineno-41-19" href = "#__codelineno-41-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-20" name = "__codelineno-41-20" href = "#__codelineno-41-20" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "kc" > _< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ..< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-21" name = "__codelineno-41-21" href = "#__codelineno-41-21" > < / a > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-22" name = "__codelineno-41-22" href = "#__codelineno-41-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-41-23" name = "__codelineno-41-23" href = "#__codelineno-41-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-42-1" name = "__codelineno-42-1" href = "#__codelineno-42-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-2" name = "__codelineno-42-2" href = "#__codelineno-42-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-3" name = "__codelineno-42-3" href = "#__codelineno-42-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-4" name = "__codelineno-42-4" href = "#__codelineno-42-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-5" name = "__codelineno-42-5" href = "#__codelineno-42-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-6" name = "__codelineno-42-6" href = "#__codelineno-42-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-7" name = "__codelineno-42-7" href = "#__codelineno-42-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-8" name = "__codelineno-42-8" href = "#__codelineno-42-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-9" name = "__codelineno-42-9" href = "#__codelineno-42-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-10" name = "__codelineno-42-10" href = "#__codelineno-42-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-11" name = "__codelineno-42-11" href = "#__codelineno-42-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-12" name = "__codelineno-42-12" href = "#__codelineno-42-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-13" name = "__codelineno-42-13" href = "#__codelineno-42-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-14" name = "__codelineno-42-14" href = "#__codelineno-42-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-15" name = "__codelineno-42-15" href = "#__codelineno-42-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-16" name = "__codelineno-42-16" href = "#__codelineno-42-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-17" name = "__codelineno-42-17" href = "#__codelineno-42-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-18" name = "__codelineno-42-18" href = "#__codelineno-42-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-19" name = "__codelineno-42-19" href = "#__codelineno-42-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-20" name = "__codelineno-42-20" href = "#__codelineno-42-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-21" name = "__codelineno-42-21" href = "#__codelineno-42-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-42-22" name = "__codelineno-42-22" href = "#__codelineno-42-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-43-1" name = "__codelineno-43-1" href = "#__codelineno-43-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-2" name = "__codelineno-43-2" href = "#__codelineno-43-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-3" name = "__codelineno-43-3" href = "#__codelineno-43-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-4" name = "__codelineno-43-4" href = "#__codelineno-43-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-5" name = "__codelineno-43-5" href = "#__codelineno-43-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-6" name = "__codelineno-43-6" href = "#__codelineno-43-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-7" name = "__codelineno-43-7" href = "#__codelineno-43-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-8" name = "__codelineno-43-8" href = "#__codelineno-43-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-9" name = "__codelineno-43-9" href = "#__codelineno-43-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-10" name = "__codelineno-43-10" href = "#__codelineno-43-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-11" name = "__codelineno-43-11" href = "#__codelineno-43-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-12" name = "__codelineno-43-12" href = "#__codelineno-43-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-13" name = "__codelineno-43-13" href = "#__codelineno-43-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-14" name = "__codelineno-43-14" href = "#__codelineno-43-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-15" name = "__codelineno-43-15" href = "#__codelineno-43-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-16" name = "__codelineno-43-16" href = "#__codelineno-43-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-17" name = "__codelineno-43-17" href = "#__codelineno-43-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-18" name = "__codelineno-43-18" href = "#__codelineno-43-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-19" name = "__codelineno-43-19" href = "#__codelineno-43-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-20" name = "__codelineno-43-20" href = "#__codelineno-43-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > constFunc< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-21" name = "__codelineno-43-21" href = "#__codelineno-43-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-43-22" name = "__codelineno-43-22" href = "#__codelineno-43-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-44-1" name = "__codelineno-44-1" href = "#__codelineno-44-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-2" name = "__codelineno-44-2" href = "#__codelineno-44-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-3" name = "__codelineno-44-3" href = "#__codelineno-44-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-4" name = "__codelineno-44-4" href = "#__codelineno-44-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-5" name = "__codelineno-44-5" href = "#__codelineno-44-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-6" name = "__codelineno-44-6" href = "#__codelineno-44-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-7" name = "__codelineno-44-7" href = "#__codelineno-44-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-8" name = "__codelineno-44-8" href = "#__codelineno-44-8" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-9" name = "__codelineno-44-9" href = "#__codelineno-44-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-10" name = "__codelineno-44-10" href = "#__codelineno-44-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > final< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-11" name = "__codelineno-44-11" href = "#__codelineno-44-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-12" name = "__codelineno-44-12" href = "#__codelineno-44-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-13" name = "__codelineno-44-13" href = "#__codelineno-44-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-14" name = "__codelineno-44-14" href = "#__codelineno-44-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-15" name = "__codelineno-44-15" href = "#__codelineno-44-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-16" name = "__codelineno-44-16" href = "#__codelineno-44-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-17" name = "__codelineno-44-17" href = "#__codelineno-44-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-18" name = "__codelineno-44-18" href = "#__codelineno-44-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-19" name = "__codelineno-44-19" href = "#__codelineno-44-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-20" name = "__codelineno-44-20" href = "#__codelineno-44-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-21" name = "__codelineno-44-21" href = "#__codelineno-44-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-44-22" name = "__codelineno-44-22" href = "#__codelineno-44-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-45-1" name = "__codelineno-45-1" href = "#__codelineno-45-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-2" name = "__codelineno-45-2" href = "#__codelineno-45-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-3" name = "__codelineno-45-3" href = "#__codelineno-45-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-4" name = "__codelineno-45-4" href = "#__codelineno-45-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-5" name = "__codelineno-45-5" href = "#__codelineno-45-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-6" name = "__codelineno-45-6" href = "#__codelineno-45-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-7" name = "__codelineno-45-7" href = "#__codelineno-45-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-8" name = "__codelineno-45-8" href = "#__codelineno-45-8" > < / a > < span class = "cp" > #[allow(unused)]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-9" name = "__codelineno-45-9" href = "#__codelineno-45-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-10" name = "__codelineno-45-10" href = "#__codelineno-45-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-11" name = "__codelineno-45-11" href = "#__codelineno-45-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > A< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-12" name = "__codelineno-45-12" href = "#__codelineno-45-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-13" name = "__codelineno-45-13" href = "#__codelineno-45-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-14" name = "__codelineno-45-14" href = "#__codelineno-45-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-15" name = "__codelineno-45-15" href = "#__codelineno-45-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-16" name = "__codelineno-45-16" href = "#__codelineno-45-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-17" name = "__codelineno-45-17" href = "#__codelineno-45-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-18" name = "__codelineno-45-18" href = "#__codelineno-45-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-19" name = "__codelineno-45-19" href = "#__codelineno-45-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-20" name = "__codelineno-45-20" href = "#__codelineno-45-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-21" name = "__codelineno-45-21" href = "#__codelineno-45-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-22" name = "__codelineno-45-22" href = "#__codelineno-45-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-45-23" name = "__codelineno-45-23" href = "#__codelineno-45-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-46-1" name = "__codelineno-46-1" href = "#__codelineno-46-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 函数 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-2" name = "__codelineno-46-2" href = "#__codelineno-46-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-3" name = "__codelineno-46-3" href = "#__codelineno-46-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-4" name = "__codelineno-46-4" href = "#__codelineno-46-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-5" name = "__codelineno-46-5" href = "#__codelineno-46-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-6" name = "__codelineno-46-6" href = "#__codelineno-46-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-7" name = "__codelineno-46-7" href = "#__codelineno-46-7" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 常数阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-8" name = "__codelineno-46-8" href = "#__codelineno-46-8" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-9" name = "__codelineno-46-9" href = "#__codelineno-46-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-10" name = "__codelineno-46-10" href = "#__codelineno-46-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-11" name = "__codelineno-46-11" href = "#__codelineno-46-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-12" name = "__codelineno-46-12" href = "#__codelineno-46-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1000< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-13" name = "__codelineno-46-13" href = "#__codelineno-46-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > newListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-14" name = "__codelineno-46-14" href = "#__codelineno-46-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-15" name = "__codelineno-46-15" href = "#__codelineno-46-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-16" name = "__codelineno-46-16" href = "#__codelineno-46-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-17" name = "__codelineno-46-17" href = "#__codelineno-46-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-18" name = "__codelineno-46-18" href = "#__codelineno-46-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-19" name = "__codelineno-46-19" href = "#__codelineno-46-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-20" name = "__codelineno-46-20" href = "#__codelineno-46-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-21" name = "__codelineno-46-21" href = "#__codelineno-46-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-22" name = "__codelineno-46-22" href = "#__codelineno-46-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-46-23" name = "__codelineno-46-23" href = "#__codelineno-46-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-47-1" name = "__codelineno-47-1" href = "#__codelineno-47-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 函数< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-2" name = "__codelineno-47-2" href = "#__codelineno-47-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-3" name = "__codelineno-47-3" href = "#__codelineno-47-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 执行某些操作< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-4" name = "__codelineno-47-4" href = "#__codelineno-47-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-5" name = "__codelineno-47-5" href = "#__codelineno-47-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-6" name = "__codelineno-47-6" href = "#__codelineno-47-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-7" name = "__codelineno-47-7" href = "#__codelineno-47-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 常数阶< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-8" name = "__codelineno-47-8" href = "#__codelineno-47-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > constant< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-9" name = "__codelineno-47-9" href = "#__codelineno-47-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-10" name = "__codelineno-47-10" href = "#__codelineno-47-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-11" name = "__codelineno-47-11" href = "#__codelineno-47-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-12" name = "__codelineno-47-12" href = "#__codelineno-47-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "mi" > 10000< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-13" name = "__codelineno-47-13" href = "#__codelineno-47-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > inc< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ){.< / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-14" name = "__codelineno-47-14" href = "#__codelineno-47-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-15" name = "__codelineno-47-15" href = "#__codelineno-47-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-16" name = "__codelineno-47-16" href = "#__codelineno-47-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-17" name = "__codelineno-47-17" href = "#__codelineno-47-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-18" name = "__codelineno-47-18" href = "#__codelineno-47-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > c< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-19" name = "__codelineno-47-19" href = "#__codelineno-47-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-20" name = "__codelineno-47-20" href = "#__codelineno-47-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-21" name = "__codelineno-47-21" href = "#__codelineno-47-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-22" name = "__codelineno-47-22" href = "#__codelineno-47-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-23" name = "__codelineno-47-23" href = "#__codelineno-47-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > function< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-24" name = "__codelineno-47-24" href = "#__codelineno-47-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-25" name = "__codelineno-47-25" href = "#__codelineno-47-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > a< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-26" name = "__codelineno-47-26" href = "#__codelineno-47-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > b< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-27" name = "__codelineno-47-27" href = "#__codelineno-47-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-28" name = "__codelineno-47-28" href = "#__codelineno-47-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > node< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-47-29" name = "__codelineno-47-29" href = "#__codelineno-47-29" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< h3 id = "2-linear-order-on" > 2. Linear Order < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > < a class = "headerlink" href = "#2-linear-order-on" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > Linear order is common in arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, etc., where the number of elements is proportional to < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > :< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "5:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_5_1" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_2" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_3" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_4" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_5" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_6" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_7" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_8" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_9" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_10" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_11" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_5_12" name = "__tabbed_5" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_5_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_5_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-48-1" name = "__codelineno-48-1" href = "#__codelineno-48-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-2" name = "__codelineno-48-2" href = "#__codelineno-48-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 线性阶" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-3" name = "__codelineno-48-3" href = "#__codelineno-48-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-4" name = "__codelineno-48-4" href = "#__codelineno-48-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-5" name = "__codelineno-48-5" href = "#__codelineno-48-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-6" name = "__codelineno-48-6" href = "#__codelineno-48-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > dict< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > ]()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-7" name = "__codelineno-48-7" href = "#__codelineno-48-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-48-8" name = "__codelineno-48-8" href = "#__codelineno-48-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > hmap< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > str< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-49-1" name = "__codelineno-49-1" href = "#__codelineno-49-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-2" name = "__codelineno-49-2" href = "#__codelineno-49-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-3" name = "__codelineno-49-3" href = "#__codelineno-49-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-4" name = "__codelineno-49-4" href = "#__codelineno-49-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-5" name = "__codelineno-49-5" href = "#__codelineno-49-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-6" name = "__codelineno-49-6" href = "#__codelineno-49-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-7" name = "__codelineno-49-7" href = "#__codelineno-49-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-8" name = "__codelineno-49-8" href = "#__codelineno-49-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-9" name = "__codelineno-49-9" href = "#__codelineno-49-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-10" name = "__codelineno-49-10" href = "#__codelineno-49-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-11" name = "__codelineno-49-11" href = "#__codelineno-49-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > unordered_map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-12" name = "__codelineno-49-12" href = "#__codelineno-49-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-13" name = "__codelineno-49-13" href = "#__codelineno-49-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-14" name = "__codelineno-49-14" href = "#__codelineno-49-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-49-15" name = "__codelineno-49-15" href = "#__codelineno-49-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-50-1" name = "__codelineno-50-1" href = "#__codelineno-50-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-2" name = "__codelineno-50-2" href = "#__codelineno-50-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-3" name = "__codelineno-50-3" href = "#__codelineno-50-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-4" name = "__codelineno-50-4" href = "#__codelineno-50-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-5" name = "__codelineno-50-5" href = "#__codelineno-50-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-6" name = "__codelineno-50-6" href = "#__codelineno-50-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-7" name = "__codelineno-50-7" href = "#__codelineno-50-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-8" name = "__codelineno-50-8" href = "#__codelineno-50-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-9" name = "__codelineno-50-9" href = "#__codelineno-50-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-10" name = "__codelineno-50-10" href = "#__codelineno-50-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-11" name = "__codelineno-50-11" href = "#__codelineno-50-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-12" name = "__codelineno-50-12" href = "#__codelineno-50-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-13" name = "__codelineno-50-13" href = "#__codelineno-50-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > String< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > valueOf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-14" name = "__codelineno-50-14" href = "#__codelineno-50-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-50-15" name = "__codelineno-50-15" href = "#__codelineno-50-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-51-1" name = "__codelineno-51-1" href = "#__codelineno-51-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-2" name = "__codelineno-51-2" href = "#__codelineno-51-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-3" name = "__codelineno-51-3" href = "#__codelineno-51-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-4" name = "__codelineno-51-4" href = "#__codelineno-51-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-5" name = "__codelineno-51-5" href = "#__codelineno-51-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-6" name = "__codelineno-51-6" href = "#__codelineno-51-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-7" name = "__codelineno-51-7" href = "#__codelineno-51-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-8" name = "__codelineno-51-8" href = "#__codelineno-51-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-9" name = "__codelineno-51-9" href = "#__codelineno-51-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-10" name = "__codelineno-51-10" href = "#__codelineno-51-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-11" name = "__codelineno-51-11" href = "#__codelineno-51-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Dictionary< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-12" name = "__codelineno-51-12" href = "#__codelineno-51-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-13" name = "__codelineno-51-13" href = "#__codelineno-51-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ToString< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-14" name = "__codelineno-51-14" href = "#__codelineno-51-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-51-15" name = "__codelineno-51-15" href = "#__codelineno-51-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-52-1" name = "__codelineno-52-1" href = "#__codelineno-52-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-2" name = "__codelineno-52-2" href = "#__codelineno-52-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceLinear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-3" name = "__codelineno-52-3" href = "#__codelineno-52-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-4" name = "__codelineno-52-4" href = "#__codelineno-52-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-5" name = "__codelineno-52-5" href = "#__codelineno-52-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-6" name = "__codelineno-52-6" href = "#__codelineno-52-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > node< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-7" name = "__codelineno-52-7" href = "#__codelineno-52-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-8" name = "__codelineno-52-8" href = "#__codelineno-52-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-9" name = "__codelineno-52-9" href = "#__codelineno-52-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-10" name = "__codelineno-52-10" href = "#__codelineno-52-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-11" name = "__codelineno-52-11" href = "#__codelineno-52-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > m< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kt" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-12" name = "__codelineno-52-12" href = "#__codelineno-52-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-13" name = "__codelineno-52-13" href = "#__codelineno-52-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > m< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > strconv< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Itoa< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-14" name = "__codelineno-52-14" href = "#__codelineno-52-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-52-15" name = "__codelineno-52-15" href = "#__codelineno-52-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-53-1" name = "__codelineno-53-1" href = "#__codelineno-53-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-2" name = "__codelineno-53-2" href = "#__codelineno-53-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-3" name = "__codelineno-53-3" href = "#__codelineno-53-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-4" name = "__codelineno-53-4" href = "#__codelineno-53-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-5" name = "__codelineno-53-5" href = "#__codelineno-53-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-6" name = "__codelineno-53-6" href = "#__codelineno-53-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ..< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nv" > $0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-7" name = "__codelineno-53-7" href = "#__codelineno-53-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-8" name = "__codelineno-53-8" href = "#__codelineno-53-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Dictionary< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > uniqueKeysWithValues< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ..< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "bp" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nv" > $0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "nv" > $0< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > })< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-53-9" name = "__codelineno-53-9" href = "#__codelineno-53-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-54-1" name = "__codelineno-54-1" href = "#__codelineno-54-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-2" name = "__codelineno-54-2" href = "#__codelineno-54-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-3" name = "__codelineno-54-3" href = "#__codelineno-54-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-4" name = "__codelineno-54-4" href = "#__codelineno-54-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-5" name = "__codelineno-54-5" href = "#__codelineno-54-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-6" name = "__codelineno-54-6" href = "#__codelineno-54-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-7" name = "__codelineno-54-7" href = "#__codelineno-54-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-8" name = "__codelineno-54-8" href = "#__codelineno-54-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-9" name = "__codelineno-54-9" href = "#__codelineno-54-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-10" name = "__codelineno-54-10" href = "#__codelineno-54-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-11" name = "__codelineno-54-11" href = "#__codelineno-54-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Map< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-12" name = "__codelineno-54-12" href = "#__codelineno-54-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-13" name = "__codelineno-54-13" href = "#__codelineno-54-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > toString< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-14" name = "__codelineno-54-14" href = "#__codelineno-54-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-54-15" name = "__codelineno-54-15" href = "#__codelineno-54-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-55-1" name = "__codelineno-55-1" href = "#__codelineno-55-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-2" name = "__codelineno-55-2" href = "#__codelineno-55-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-3" name = "__codelineno-55-3" href = "#__codelineno-55-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-4" name = "__codelineno-55-4" href = "#__codelineno-55-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-5" name = "__codelineno-55-5" href = "#__codelineno-55-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-6" name = "__codelineno-55-6" href = "#__codelineno-55-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-7" name = "__codelineno-55-7" href = "#__codelineno-55-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-8" name = "__codelineno-55-8" href = "#__codelineno-55-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-9" name = "__codelineno-55-9" href = "#__codelineno-55-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-10" name = "__codelineno-55-10" href = "#__codelineno-55-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-11" name = "__codelineno-55-11" href = "#__codelineno-55-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Map< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-12" name = "__codelineno-55-12" href = "#__codelineno-55-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-13" name = "__codelineno-55-13" href = "#__codelineno-55-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > toString< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-14" name = "__codelineno-55-14" href = "#__codelineno-55-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-55-15" name = "__codelineno-55-15" href = "#__codelineno-55-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-56-1" name = "__codelineno-56-1" href = "#__codelineno-56-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-2" name = "__codelineno-56-2" href = "#__codelineno-56-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-3" name = "__codelineno-56-3" href = "#__codelineno-56-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-4" name = "__codelineno-56-4" href = "#__codelineno-56-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-5" name = "__codelineno-56-5" href = "#__codelineno-56-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-6" name = "__codelineno-56-6" href = "#__codelineno-56-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-7" name = "__codelineno-56-7" href = "#__codelineno-56-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-8" name = "__codelineno-56-8" href = "#__codelineno-56-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-9" name = "__codelineno-56-9" href = "#__codelineno-56-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-10" name = "__codelineno-56-10" href = "#__codelineno-56-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-11" name = "__codelineno-56-11" href = "#__codelineno-56-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Map< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > String< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-12" name = "__codelineno-56-12" href = "#__codelineno-56-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-13" name = "__codelineno-56-13" href = "#__codelineno-56-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > putIfAbsent< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > toString< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-14" name = "__codelineno-56-14" href = "#__codelineno-56-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-56-15" name = "__codelineno-56-15" href = "#__codelineno-56-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-57-1" name = "__codelineno-57-1" href = "#__codelineno-57-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-2" name = "__codelineno-57-2" href = "#__codelineno-57-2" > < / a > < span class = "cp" > #[allow(unused)]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-3" name = "__codelineno-57-3" href = "#__codelineno-57-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-4" name = "__codelineno-57-4" href = "#__codelineno-57-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-5" name = "__codelineno-57-5" href = "#__codelineno-57-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-6" name = "__codelineno-57-6" href = "#__codelineno-57-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-7" name = "__codelineno-57-7" href = "#__codelineno-57-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-8" name = "__codelineno-57-8" href = "#__codelineno-57-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-9" name = "__codelineno-57-9" href = "#__codelineno-57-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-10" name = "__codelineno-57-10" href = "#__codelineno-57-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-11" name = "__codelineno-57-11" href = "#__codelineno-57-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-12" name = "__codelineno-57-12" href = "#__codelineno-57-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashMap< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-13" name = "__codelineno-57-13" href = "#__codelineno-57-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-14" name = "__codelineno-57-14" href = "#__codelineno-57-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > to_string< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-15" name = "__codelineno-57-15" href = "#__codelineno-57-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-57-16" name = "__codelineno-57-16" href = "#__codelineno-57-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-58-1" name = "__codelineno-58-1" href = "#__codelineno-58-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 哈希表 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-2" name = "__codelineno-58-2" href = "#__codelineno-58-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > typedef< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > struct< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-3" name = "__codelineno-58-3" href = "#__codelineno-58-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-4" name = "__codelineno-58-4" href = "#__codelineno-58-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-5" name = "__codelineno-58-5" href = "#__codelineno-58-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > UT_hash_handle< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > hh< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 基于 uthash.h 实现< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-6" name = "__codelineno-58-6" href = "#__codelineno-58-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashTable< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-7" name = "__codelineno-58-7" href = "#__codelineno-58-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-8" name = "__codelineno-58-8" href = "#__codelineno-58-8" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-9" name = "__codelineno-58-9" href = "#__codelineno-58-9" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-10" name = "__codelineno-58-10" href = "#__codelineno-58-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-11" name = "__codelineno-58-11" href = "#__codelineno-58-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-12" name = "__codelineno-58-12" href = "#__codelineno-58-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-13" name = "__codelineno-58-13" href = "#__codelineno-58-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-14" name = "__codelineno-58-14" href = "#__codelineno-58-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-15" name = "__codelineno-58-15" href = "#__codelineno-58-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-16" name = "__codelineno-58-16" href = "#__codelineno-58-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-17" name = "__codelineno-58-17" href = "#__codelineno-58-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > newListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-18" name = "__codelineno-58-18" href = "#__codelineno-58-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-19" name = "__codelineno-58-19" href = "#__codelineno-58-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 内存释放< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-20" name = "__codelineno-58-20" href = "#__codelineno-58-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-21" name = "__codelineno-58-21" href = "#__codelineno-58-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-22" name = "__codelineno-58-22" href = "#__codelineno-58-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-23" name = "__codelineno-58-23" href = "#__codelineno-58-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-24" name = "__codelineno-58-24" href = "#__codelineno-58-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-25" name = "__codelineno-58-25" href = "#__codelineno-58-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-26" name = "__codelineno-58-26" href = "#__codelineno-58-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashTable< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > h< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > NULL< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-27" name = "__codelineno-58-27" href = "#__codelineno-58-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-28" name = "__codelineno-58-28" href = "#__codelineno-58-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashTable< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > HashTable< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-29" name = "__codelineno-58-29" href = "#__codelineno-58-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-30" name = "__codelineno-58-30" href = "#__codelineno-58-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-31" name = "__codelineno-58-31" href = "#__codelineno-58-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HASH_ADD_INT< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > h< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > key< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-32" name = "__codelineno-58-32" href = "#__codelineno-58-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-33" name = "__codelineno-58-33" href = "#__codelineno-58-33" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-34" name = "__codelineno-58-34" href = "#__codelineno-58-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 内存释放< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-35" name = "__codelineno-58-35" href = "#__codelineno-58-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashTable< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > curr< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-36" name = "__codelineno-58-36" href = "#__codelineno-58-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HASH_ITER< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > hh< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > h< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > curr< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-37" name = "__codelineno-58-37" href = "#__codelineno-58-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HASH_DEL< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > h< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > curr< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-38" name = "__codelineno-58-38" href = "#__codelineno-58-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > curr< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-39" name = "__codelineno-58-39" href = "#__codelineno-58-39" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-58-40" name = "__codelineno-58-40" href = "#__codelineno-58-40" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-59-1" name = "__codelineno-59-1" href = "#__codelineno-59-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 线性阶< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-2" name = "__codelineno-59-2" href = "#__codelineno-59-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linear< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > comptime< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-3" name = "__codelineno-59-3" href = "#__codelineno-59-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-4" name = "__codelineno-59-4" href = "#__codelineno-59-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-5" name = "__codelineno-59-5" href = "#__codelineno-59-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-6" name = "__codelineno-59-6" href = "#__codelineno-59-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-7" name = "__codelineno-59-7" href = "#__codelineno-59-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > defer< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-8" name = "__codelineno-59-8" href = "#__codelineno-59-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-9" name = "__codelineno-59-9" href = "#__codelineno-59-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-10" name = "__codelineno-59-10" href = "#__codelineno-59-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-11" name = "__codelineno-59-11" href = "#__codelineno-59-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-12" name = "__codelineno-59-12" href = "#__codelineno-59-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-13" name = "__codelineno-59-13" href = "#__codelineno-59-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AutoArrayHashMap< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > u8< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-14" name = "__codelineno-59-14" href = "#__codelineno-59-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > defer< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-15" name = "__codelineno-59-15" href = "#__codelineno-59-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-16" name = "__codelineno-59-16" href = "#__codelineno-59-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-17" name = "__codelineno-59-17" href = "#__codelineno-59-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > allocPrint< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " {d}" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .{< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-18" name = "__codelineno-59-18" href = "#__codelineno-59-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > defer< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-19" name = "__codelineno-59-19" href = "#__codelineno-59-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > put< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-20" name = "__codelineno-59-20" href = "#__codelineno-59-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-21" name = "__codelineno-59-21" href = "#__codelineno-59-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-59-22" name = "__codelineno-59-22" href = "#__codelineno-59-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< p > As shown below, this function's recursive depth is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > , meaning there are < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > instances of unreturned < code > linear_recur()< / code > function, using < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > size of stack frame space:< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "6:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_6_1" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_2" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_3" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_4" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_5" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_6" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_7" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_8" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_9" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_10" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_11" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_6_12" name = "__tabbed_6" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_6_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_6_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-60-1" name = "__codelineno-60-1" href = "#__codelineno-60-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > linear_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-60-2" name = "__codelineno-60-2" href = "#__codelineno-60-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 线性阶（递归实现）" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-60-3" name = "__codelineno-60-3" href = "#__codelineno-60-3" > < / a > < span class = "nb" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 递归 n =" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-60-4" name = "__codelineno-60-4" href = "#__codelineno-60-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-60-5" name = "__codelineno-60-5" href = "#__codelineno-60-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-60-6" name = "__codelineno-60-6" href = "#__codelineno-60-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > linear_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-61-1" name = "__codelineno-61-1" href = "#__codelineno-61-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-2" name = "__codelineno-61-2" href = "#__codelineno-61-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-3" name = "__codelineno-61-3" href = "#__codelineno-61-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > cout< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > endl< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-4" name = "__codelineno-61-4" href = "#__codelineno-61-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-5" name = "__codelineno-61-5" href = "#__codelineno-61-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-6" name = "__codelineno-61-6" href = "#__codelineno-61-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-61-7" name = "__codelineno-61-7" href = "#__codelineno-61-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-62-1" name = "__codelineno-62-1" href = "#__codelineno-62-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-2" name = "__codelineno-62-2" href = "#__codelineno-62-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-3" name = "__codelineno-62-3" href = "#__codelineno-62-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-4" name = "__codelineno-62-4" href = "#__codelineno-62-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-5" name = "__codelineno-62-5" href = "#__codelineno-62-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-6" name = "__codelineno-62-6" href = "#__codelineno-62-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-62-7" name = "__codelineno-62-7" href = "#__codelineno-62-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-63-1" name = "__codelineno-63-1" href = "#__codelineno-63-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-63-2" name = "__codelineno-63-2" href = "#__codelineno-63-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > LinearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-63-3" name = "__codelineno-63-3" href = "#__codelineno-63-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > WriteLine< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-63-4" name = "__codelineno-63-4" href = "#__codelineno-63-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-63-5" name = "__codelineno-63-5" href = "#__codelineno-63-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-63-6" name = "__codelineno-63-6" href = "#__codelineno-63-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-64-1" name = "__codelineno-64-1" href = "#__codelineno-64-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-2" name = "__codelineno-64-2" href = "#__codelineno-64-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceLinearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-3" name = "__codelineno-64-3" href = "#__codelineno-64-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n =" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-4" name = "__codelineno-64-4" href = "#__codelineno-64-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-5" name = "__codelineno-64-5" href = "#__codelineno-64-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-6" name = "__codelineno-64-6" href = "#__codelineno-64-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-7" name = "__codelineno-64-7" href = "#__codelineno-64-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceLinearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-64-8" name = "__codelineno-64-8" href = "#__codelineno-64-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-65-1" name = "__codelineno-65-1" href = "#__codelineno-65-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-2" name = "__codelineno-65-2" href = "#__codelineno-65-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-3" name = "__codelineno-65-3" href = "#__codelineno-65-3" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-4" name = "__codelineno-65-4" href = "#__codelineno-65-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-5" name = "__codelineno-65-5" href = "#__codelineno-65-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-6" name = "__codelineno-65-6" href = "#__codelineno-65-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-7" name = "__codelineno-65-7" href = "#__codelineno-65-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-65-8" name = "__codelineno-65-8" href = "#__codelineno-65-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-66-1" name = "__codelineno-66-1" href = "#__codelineno-66-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-66-2" name = "__codelineno-66-2" href = "#__codelineno-66-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-66-3" name = "__codelineno-66-3" href = "#__codelineno-66-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "sb" > `递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > `< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-66-4" name = "__codelineno-66-4" href = "#__codelineno-66-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-66-5" name = "__codelineno-66-5" href = "#__codelineno-66-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-66-6" name = "__codelineno-66-6" href = "#__codelineno-66-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-67-1" name = "__codelineno-67-1" href = "#__codelineno-67-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-67-2" name = "__codelineno-67-2" href = "#__codelineno-67-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-67-3" name = "__codelineno-67-3" href = "#__codelineno-67-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "sb" > `递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > `< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-67-4" name = "__codelineno-67-4" href = "#__codelineno-67-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-67-5" name = "__codelineno-67-5" href = "#__codelineno-67-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-67-6" name = "__codelineno-67-6" href = "#__codelineno-67-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-68-1" name = "__codelineno-68-1" href = "#__codelineno-68-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-68-2" name = "__codelineno-68-2" href = "#__codelineno-68-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-68-3" name = "__codelineno-68-3" href = "#__codelineno-68-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > $< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-68-4" name = "__codelineno-68-4" href = "#__codelineno-68-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-68-5" name = "__codelineno-68-5" href = "#__codelineno-68-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-68-6" name = "__codelineno-68-6" href = "#__codelineno-68-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-69-1" name = "__codelineno-69-1" href = "#__codelineno-69-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-69-2" name = "__codelineno-69-2" href = "#__codelineno-69-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > linear_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-69-3" name = "__codelineno-69-3" href = "#__codelineno-69-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > println!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = {}" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-69-4" name = "__codelineno-69-4" href = "#__codelineno-69-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-69-5" name = "__codelineno-69-5" href = "#__codelineno-69-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linear_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-69-6" name = "__codelineno-69-6" href = "#__codelineno-69-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-70-1" name = "__codelineno-70-1" href = "#__codelineno-70-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 线性阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-2" name = "__codelineno-70-2" href = "#__codelineno-70-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-3" name = "__codelineno-70-3" href = "#__codelineno-70-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = %d< / span > < span class = "se" > \r\n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-4" name = "__codelineno-70-4" href = "#__codelineno-70-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-5" name = "__codelineno-70-5" href = "#__codelineno-70-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-6" name = "__codelineno-70-6" href = "#__codelineno-70-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-70-7" name = "__codelineno-70-7" href = "#__codelineno-70-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-71-1" name = "__codelineno-71-1" href = "#__codelineno-71-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 线性阶（递归实现）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-71-2" name = "__codelineno-71-2" href = "#__codelineno-71-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > comptime< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-71-3" name = "__codelineno-71-3" href = "#__codelineno-71-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > debug< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = {}< / span > < span class = "se" > \n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .{< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-71-4" name = "__codelineno-71-4" href = "#__codelineno-71-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-71-5" name = "__codelineno-71-5" href = "#__codelineno-71-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > linearRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-71-6" name = "__codelineno-71-6" href = "#__codelineno-71-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_recursive_linear.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Recursive Function Generating Linear Order Space Complexity" class = "animation-figure" src = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_recursive_linear.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 2-17 Recursive Function Generating Linear Order Space Complexity < / p >
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< h3 id = "3-quadratic-order-on2" > 3. Quadratic Order < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > < a class = "headerlink" href = "#3-quadratic-order-on2" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > Quadratic order is common in matrices and graphs, where the number of elements is quadratic to < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > :< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "7:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_7_1" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_2" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_3" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_4" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_5" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_6" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_7" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_8" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_9" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_10" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_11" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_7_12" name = "__tabbed_7" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_7_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_7_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-72-1" name = "__codelineno-72-1" href = "#__codelineno-72-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-72-2" name = "__codelineno-72-2" href = "#__codelineno-72-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 平方阶" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-72-3" name = "__codelineno-72-3" href = "#__codelineno-72-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-72-4" name = "__codelineno-72-4" href = "#__codelineno-72-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > num_matrix< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > range< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )]< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-73-1" name = "__codelineno-73-1" href = "#__codelineno-73-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-2" name = "__codelineno-73-2" href = "#__codelineno-73-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-3" name = "__codelineno-73-3" href = "#__codelineno-73-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-4" name = "__codelineno-73-4" href = "#__codelineno-73-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-5" name = "__codelineno-73-5" href = "#__codelineno-73-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-6" name = "__codelineno-73-6" href = "#__codelineno-73-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-7" name = "__codelineno-73-7" href = "#__codelineno-73-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-8" name = "__codelineno-73-8" href = "#__codelineno-73-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-9" name = "__codelineno-73-9" href = "#__codelineno-73-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-10" name = "__codelineno-73-10" href = "#__codelineno-73-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-11" name = "__codelineno-73-11" href = "#__codelineno-73-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-73-12" name = "__codelineno-73-12" href = "#__codelineno-73-12" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-74-1" name = "__codelineno-74-1" href = "#__codelineno-74-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-2" name = "__codelineno-74-2" href = "#__codelineno-74-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-3" name = "__codelineno-74-3" href = "#__codelineno-74-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-4" name = "__codelineno-74-4" href = "#__codelineno-74-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [][]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ][< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-5" name = "__codelineno-74-5" href = "#__codelineno-74-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-6" name = "__codelineno-74-6" href = "#__codelineno-74-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-7" name = "__codelineno-74-7" href = "#__codelineno-74-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-8" name = "__codelineno-74-8" href = "#__codelineno-74-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-9" name = "__codelineno-74-9" href = "#__codelineno-74-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-10" name = "__codelineno-74-10" href = "#__codelineno-74-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-11" name = "__codelineno-74-11" href = "#__codelineno-74-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-12" name = "__codelineno-74-12" href = "#__codelineno-74-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-13" name = "__codelineno-74-13" href = "#__codelineno-74-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-74-14" name = "__codelineno-74-14" href = "#__codelineno-74-14" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-75-1" name = "__codelineno-75-1" href = "#__codelineno-75-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-2" name = "__codelineno-75-2" href = "#__codelineno-75-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-3" name = "__codelineno-75-3" href = "#__codelineno-75-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-4" name = "__codelineno-75-4" href = "#__codelineno-75-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [,]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-5" name = "__codelineno-75-5" href = "#__codelineno-75-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-6" name = "__codelineno-75-6" href = "#__codelineno-75-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-7" name = "__codelineno-75-7" href = "#__codelineno-75-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-8" name = "__codelineno-75-8" href = "#__codelineno-75-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-9" name = "__codelineno-75-9" href = "#__codelineno-75-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-10" name = "__codelineno-75-10" href = "#__codelineno-75-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-11" name = "__codelineno-75-11" href = "#__codelineno-75-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-12" name = "__codelineno-75-12" href = "#__codelineno-75-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-13" name = "__codelineno-75-13" href = "#__codelineno-75-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-75-14" name = "__codelineno-75-14" href = "#__codelineno-75-14" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-76-1" name = "__codelineno-76-1" href = "#__codelineno-76-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-2" name = "__codelineno-76-2" href = "#__codelineno-76-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceQuadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-3" name = "__codelineno-76-3" href = "#__codelineno-76-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-4" name = "__codelineno-76-4" href = "#__codelineno-76-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-5" name = "__codelineno-76-5" href = "#__codelineno-76-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-6" name = "__codelineno-76-6" href = "#__codelineno-76-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-7" name = "__codelineno-76-7" href = "#__codelineno-76-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-76-8" name = "__codelineno-76-8" href = "#__codelineno-76-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-77-1" name = "__codelineno-77-1" href = "#__codelineno-77-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-77-2" name = "__codelineno-77-2" href = "#__codelineno-77-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-77-3" name = "__codelineno-77-3" href = "#__codelineno-77-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-77-4" name = "__codelineno-77-4" href = "#__codelineno-77-4" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-77-5" name = "__codelineno-77-5" href = "#__codelineno-77-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-78-1" name = "__codelineno-78-1" href = "#__codelineno-78-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-2" name = "__codelineno-78-2" href = "#__codelineno-78-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-3" name = "__codelineno-78-3" href = "#__codelineno-78-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-4" name = "__codelineno-78-4" href = "#__codelineno-78-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-5" name = "__codelineno-78-5" href = "#__codelineno-78-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-6" name = "__codelineno-78-6" href = "#__codelineno-78-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > (()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-7" name = "__codelineno-78-7" href = "#__codelineno-78-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-8" name = "__codelineno-78-8" href = "#__codelineno-78-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numList< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-9" name = "__codelineno-78-9" href = "#__codelineno-78-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-10" name = "__codelineno-78-10" href = "#__codelineno-78-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-11" name = "__codelineno-78-11" href = "#__codelineno-78-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-12" name = "__codelineno-78-12" href = "#__codelineno-78-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-13" name = "__codelineno-78-13" href = "#__codelineno-78-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-14" name = "__codelineno-78-14" href = "#__codelineno-78-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-15" name = "__codelineno-78-15" href = "#__codelineno-78-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-78-16" name = "__codelineno-78-16" href = "#__codelineno-78-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-79-1" name = "__codelineno-79-1" href = "#__codelineno-79-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-2" name = "__codelineno-79-2" href = "#__codelineno-79-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-3" name = "__codelineno-79-3" href = "#__codelineno-79-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-4" name = "__codelineno-79-4" href = "#__codelineno-79-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-5" name = "__codelineno-79-5" href = "#__codelineno-79-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-6" name = "__codelineno-79-6" href = "#__codelineno-79-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > (()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-7" name = "__codelineno-79-7" href = "#__codelineno-79-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-8" name = "__codelineno-79-8" href = "#__codelineno-79-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numList< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-9" name = "__codelineno-79-9" href = "#__codelineno-79-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-10" name = "__codelineno-79-10" href = "#__codelineno-79-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-11" name = "__codelineno-79-11" href = "#__codelineno-79-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-12" name = "__codelineno-79-12" href = "#__codelineno-79-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-13" name = "__codelineno-79-13" href = "#__codelineno-79-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-14" name = "__codelineno-79-14" href = "#__codelineno-79-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-15" name = "__codelineno-79-15" href = "#__codelineno-79-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-79-16" name = "__codelineno-79-16" href = "#__codelineno-79-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-80-1" name = "__codelineno-80-1" href = "#__codelineno-80-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-2" name = "__codelineno-80-2" href = "#__codelineno-80-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-3" name = "__codelineno-80-3" href = "#__codelineno-80-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-4" name = "__codelineno-80-4" href = "#__codelineno-80-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > generate< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-5" name = "__codelineno-80-5" href = "#__codelineno-80-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-6" name = "__codelineno-80-6" href = "#__codelineno-80-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-7" name = "__codelineno-80-7" href = "#__codelineno-80-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-8" name = "__codelineno-80-8" href = "#__codelineno-80-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-9" name = "__codelineno-80-9" href = "#__codelineno-80-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-10" name = "__codelineno-80-10" href = "#__codelineno-80-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-11" name = "__codelineno-80-11" href = "#__codelineno-80-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-12" name = "__codelineno-80-12" href = "#__codelineno-80-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numList< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-13" name = "__codelineno-80-13" href = "#__codelineno-80-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-80-14" name = "__codelineno-80-14" href = "#__codelineno-80-14" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-81-1" name = "__codelineno-81-1" href = "#__codelineno-81-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-2" name = "__codelineno-81-2" href = "#__codelineno-81-2" > < / a > < span class = "cp" > #[allow(unused)]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-3" name = "__codelineno-81-3" href = "#__codelineno-81-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-4" name = "__codelineno-81-4" href = "#__codelineno-81-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-5" name = "__codelineno-81-5" href = "#__codelineno-81-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num_matrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-6" name = "__codelineno-81-6" href = "#__codelineno-81-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-7" name = "__codelineno-81-7" href = "#__codelineno-81-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num_list< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-8" name = "__codelineno-81-8" href = "#__codelineno-81-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-9" name = "__codelineno-81-9" href = "#__codelineno-81-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-10" name = "__codelineno-81-10" href = "#__codelineno-81-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-11" name = "__codelineno-81-11" href = "#__codelineno-81-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-12" name = "__codelineno-81-12" href = "#__codelineno-81-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-13" name = "__codelineno-81-13" href = "#__codelineno-81-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > num_list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-14" name = "__codelineno-81-14" href = "#__codelineno-81-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-81-15" name = "__codelineno-81-15" href = "#__codelineno-81-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-82-1" name = "__codelineno-82-1" href = "#__codelineno-82-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-2" name = "__codelineno-82-2" href = "#__codelineno-82-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-3" name = "__codelineno-82-3" href = "#__codelineno-82-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-4" name = "__codelineno-82-4" href = "#__codelineno-82-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-5" name = "__codelineno-82-5" href = "#__codelineno-82-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-6" name = "__codelineno-82-6" href = "#__codelineno-82-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-7" name = "__codelineno-82-7" href = "#__codelineno-82-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-8" name = "__codelineno-82-8" href = "#__codelineno-82-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-9" name = "__codelineno-82-9" href = "#__codelineno-82-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-10" name = "__codelineno-82-10" href = "#__codelineno-82-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-11" name = "__codelineno-82-11" href = "#__codelineno-82-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-12" name = "__codelineno-82-12" href = "#__codelineno-82-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-13" name = "__codelineno-82-13" href = "#__codelineno-82-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 内存释放< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-14" name = "__codelineno-82-14" href = "#__codelineno-82-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-15" name = "__codelineno-82-15" href = "#__codelineno-82-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-16" name = "__codelineno-82-16" href = "#__codelineno-82-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-17" name = "__codelineno-82-17" href = "#__codelineno-82-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numMatrix< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-82-18" name = "__codelineno-82-18" href = "#__codelineno-82-18" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-83-1" name = "__codelineno-83-1" href = "#__codelineno-83-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 平方阶< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-2" name = "__codelineno-83-2" href = "#__codelineno-83-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadratic< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-3" name = "__codelineno-83-3" href = "#__codelineno-83-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-4" name = "__codelineno-83-4" href = "#__codelineno-83-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )).< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-5" name = "__codelineno-83-5" href = "#__codelineno-83-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > defer< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-6" name = "__codelineno-83-6" href = "#__codelineno-83-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-7" name = "__codelineno-83-7" href = "#__codelineno-83-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-8" name = "__codelineno-83-8" href = "#__codelineno-83-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > heap< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > page_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-9" name = "__codelineno-83-9" href = "#__codelineno-83-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > defer< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deinit< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-10" name = "__codelineno-83-10" href = "#__codelineno-83-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-11" name = "__codelineno-83-11" href = "#__codelineno-83-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > while< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > j< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-12" name = "__codelineno-83-12" href = "#__codelineno-83-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-13" name = "__codelineno-83-13" href = "#__codelineno-83-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-14" name = "__codelineno-83-14" href = "#__codelineno-83-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nodes< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > tmp< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-15" name = "__codelineno-83-15" href = "#__codelineno-83-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-83-16" name = "__codelineno-83-16" href = "#__codelineno-83-16" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< p > As shown below, the recursive depth of this function is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > , and in each recursive call, an array is initialized with lengths < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > , < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n-1\)< / span > , < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\dots\)< / span > , < span class = "arithmatex" > \(2\)< / span > , < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > , averaging < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n/2\)< / span > , thus overall occupying < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > space:< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "8:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_8_1" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_2" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_3" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_4" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_5" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_6" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_7" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_8" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_9" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_10" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_11" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_8_12" name = "__tabbed_8" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_8_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_8_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-84-1" name = "__codelineno-84-1" href = "#__codelineno-84-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-2" name = "__codelineno-84-2" href = "#__codelineno-84-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 平方阶（递归实现）" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-3" name = "__codelineno-84-3" href = "#__codelineno-84-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-4" name = "__codelineno-84-4" href = "#__codelineno-84-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-5" name = "__codelineno-84-5" href = "#__codelineno-84-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 数组 nums 长度为 n, n-1, ..., 2, 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-6" name = "__codelineno-84-6" href = "#__codelineno-84-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-84-7" name = "__codelineno-84-7" href = "#__codelineno-84-7" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > quadratic_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-85-1" name = "__codelineno-85-1" href = "#__codelineno-85-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-2" name = "__codelineno-85-2" href = "#__codelineno-85-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-3" name = "__codelineno-85-3" href = "#__codelineno-85-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-4" name = "__codelineno-85-4" href = "#__codelineno-85-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-5" name = "__codelineno-85-5" href = "#__codelineno-85-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-6" name = "__codelineno-85-6" href = "#__codelineno-85-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > cout< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " 中的 nums 长度 = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > endl< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-7" name = "__codelineno-85-7" href = "#__codelineno-85-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-85-8" name = "__codelineno-85-8" href = "#__codelineno-85-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-86-1" name = "__codelineno-86-1" href = "#__codelineno-86-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-2" name = "__codelineno-86-2" href = "#__codelineno-86-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-3" name = "__codelineno-86-3" href = "#__codelineno-86-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-4" name = "__codelineno-86-4" href = "#__codelineno-86-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-5" name = "__codelineno-86-5" href = "#__codelineno-86-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 数组 nums 长度为 n, n-1, ..., 2, 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-6" name = "__codelineno-86-6" href = "#__codelineno-86-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-7" name = "__codelineno-86-7" href = "#__codelineno-86-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > System< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > out< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > println< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " 中的 nums 长度 = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-8" name = "__codelineno-86-8" href = "#__codelineno-86-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-86-9" name = "__codelineno-86-9" href = "#__codelineno-86-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-87-1" name = "__codelineno-87-1" href = "#__codelineno-87-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-2" name = "__codelineno-87-2" href = "#__codelineno-87-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > QuadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-3" name = "__codelineno-87-3" href = "#__codelineno-87-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-4" name = "__codelineno-87-4" href = "#__codelineno-87-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-5" name = "__codelineno-87-5" href = "#__codelineno-87-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > WriteLine< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " 中的 nums 长度 = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-6" name = "__codelineno-87-6" href = "#__codelineno-87-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > QuadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-87-7" name = "__codelineno-87-7" href = "#__codelineno-87-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-88-1" name = "__codelineno-88-1" href = "#__codelineno-88-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-2" name = "__codelineno-88-2" href = "#__codelineno-88-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceQuadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-3" name = "__codelineno-88-3" href = "#__codelineno-88-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-4" name = "__codelineno-88-4" href = "#__codelineno-88-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-5" name = "__codelineno-88-5" href = "#__codelineno-88-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-6" name = "__codelineno-88-6" href = "#__codelineno-88-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-7" name = "__codelineno-88-7" href = "#__codelineno-88-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > fmt< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = %d 中的 nums 长度 = %d \n" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-8" name = "__codelineno-88-8" href = "#__codelineno-88-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > spaceQuadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-88-9" name = "__codelineno-88-9" href = "#__codelineno-88-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-89-1" name = "__codelineno-89-1" href = "#__codelineno-89-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-2" name = "__codelineno-89-2" href = "#__codelineno-89-2" > < / a > < span class = "p" > @< / span > < span class = "n" > discardableResult< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-3" name = "__codelineno-89-3" href = "#__codelineno-89-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-4" name = "__codelineno-89-4" href = "#__codelineno-89-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-5" name = "__codelineno-89-5" href = "#__codelineno-89-5" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-6" name = "__codelineno-89-6" href = "#__codelineno-89-6" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-7" name = "__codelineno-89-7" href = "#__codelineno-89-7" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 数组 nums 长度为 n, n-1, ..., 2, 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-8" name = "__codelineno-89-8" href = "#__codelineno-89-8" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-9" name = "__codelineno-89-9" href = "#__codelineno-89-9" > < / a > < span class = "bp" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > 中的 nums 长度 = < / span > < span class = "si" > \(< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "si" > )< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-10" name = "__codelineno-89-10" href = "#__codelineno-89-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-89-11" name = "__codelineno-89-11" href = "#__codelineno-89-11" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-90-1" name = "__codelineno-90-1" href = "#__codelineno-90-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-2" name = "__codelineno-90-2" href = "#__codelineno-90-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-3" name = "__codelineno-90-3" href = "#__codelineno-90-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-4" name = "__codelineno-90-4" href = "#__codelineno-90-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-5" name = "__codelineno-90-5" href = "#__codelineno-90-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "sb" > `递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > 中的 nums 长度 = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > `< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-6" name = "__codelineno-90-6" href = "#__codelineno-90-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-90-7" name = "__codelineno-90-7" href = "#__codelineno-90-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-91-1" name = "__codelineno-91-1" href = "#__codelineno-91-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-2" name = "__codelineno-91-2" href = "#__codelineno-91-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-3" name = "__codelineno-91-3" href = "#__codelineno-91-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-4" name = "__codelineno-91-4" href = "#__codelineno-91-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-5" name = "__codelineno-91-5" href = "#__codelineno-91-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "sb" > `递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > 中的 nums 长度 = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "sb" > `< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-6" name = "__codelineno-91-6" href = "#__codelineno-91-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-91-7" name = "__codelineno-91-7" href = "#__codelineno-91-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-92-1" name = "__codelineno-92-1" href = "#__codelineno-92-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-2" name = "__codelineno-92-2" href = "#__codelineno-92-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-3" name = "__codelineno-92-3" href = "#__codelineno-92-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-4" name = "__codelineno-92-4" href = "#__codelineno-92-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-5" name = "__codelineno-92-5" href = "#__codelineno-92-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' 递归 n = < / span > < span class = "si" > $< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "s1" > 中的 nums 长度 = < / span > < span class = "si" > ${< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "si" > }< / span > < span class = "s1" > ' < / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-6" name = "__codelineno-92-6" href = "#__codelineno-92-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-92-7" name = "__codelineno-92-7" href = "#__codelineno-92-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-93-1" name = "__codelineno-93-1" href = "#__codelineno-93-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-2" name = "__codelineno-93-2" href = "#__codelineno-93-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > quadratic_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-3" name = "__codelineno-93-3" href = "#__codelineno-93-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-4" name = "__codelineno-93-4" href = "#__codelineno-93-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 数组 nums 长度为 n, n-1, ..., 2, 1< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-5" name = "__codelineno-93-5" href = "#__codelineno-93-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > usize< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-6" name = "__codelineno-93-6" href = "#__codelineno-93-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > println!< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = {} 中的 nums 长度 = {}" < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ());< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-7" name = "__codelineno-93-7" href = "#__codelineno-93-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadratic_recur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-93-8" name = "__codelineno-93-8" href = "#__codelineno-93-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-94-1" name = "__codelineno-94-1" href = "#__codelineno-94-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 平方阶（递归实现） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-2" name = "__codelineno-94-2" href = "#__codelineno-94-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-3" name = "__codelineno-94-3" href = "#__codelineno-94-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-4" name = "__codelineno-94-4" href = "#__codelineno-94-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-5" name = "__codelineno-94-5" href = "#__codelineno-94-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-6" name = "__codelineno-94-6" href = "#__codelineno-94-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > printf< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = %d 中的 nums 长度 = %d< / span > < span class = "se" > \r\n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-7" name = "__codelineno-94-7" href = "#__codelineno-94-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-8" name = "__codelineno-94-8" href = "#__codelineno-94-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-9" name = "__codelineno-94-9" href = "#__codelineno-94-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-94-10" name = "__codelineno-94-10" href = "#__codelineno-94-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-95-1" name = "__codelineno-95-1" href = "#__codelineno-95-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 平方阶（递归实现）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-2" name = "__codelineno-95-2" href = "#__codelineno-95-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kr" > comptime< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-3" name = "__codelineno-95-3" href = "#__codelineno-95-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-4" name = "__codelineno-95-4" href = "#__codelineno-95-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-5" name = "__codelineno-95-5" href = "#__codelineno-95-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > debug< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > print< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " 递归 n = {} 中的 nums 长度 = {}< / span > < span class = "se" > \n< / span > < span class = "s" > " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .{< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-6" name = "__codelineno-95-6" href = "#__codelineno-95-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > quadraticRecur< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-95-7" name = "__codelineno-95-7" href = "#__codelineno-95-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_recursive_quadratic.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Recursive Function Generating Quadratic Order Space Complexity" class = "animation-figure" src = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_recursive_quadratic.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 2-18 Recursive Function Generating Quadratic Order Space Complexity < / p >
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2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< h3 id = "4-exponential-order-o2n" > 4. Exponential Order < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(2^n)\)< / span > < a class = "headerlink" href = "#4-exponential-order-o2n" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > Exponential order is common in binary trees. Observe the below image, a "full binary tree" with < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > levels has < span class = "arithmatex" > \(2^n - 1\)< / span > nodes, occupying < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(2^n)\)< / span > space:< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "9:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_9_1" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_2" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_3" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_4" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_5" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_6" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_7" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_8" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_9" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_10" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_11" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_9_12" name = "__tabbed_9" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_9_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_9_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-96-1" name = "__codelineno-96-1" href = "#__codelineno-96-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-2" name = "__codelineno-96-2" href = "#__codelineno-96-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 指数阶（建立满二叉树）" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-3" name = "__codelineno-96-3" href = "#__codelineno-96-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-4" name = "__codelineno-96-4" href = "#__codelineno-96-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "kc" > None< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-5" name = "__codelineno-96-5" href = "#__codelineno-96-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-6" name = "__codelineno-96-6" href = "#__codelineno-96-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-7" name = "__codelineno-96-7" href = "#__codelineno-96-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-96-8" name = "__codelineno-96-8" href = "#__codelineno-96-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-97-1" name = "__codelineno-97-1" href = "#__codelineno-97-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-2" name = "__codelineno-97-2" href = "#__codelineno-97-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nf" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-3" name = "__codelineno-97-3" href = "#__codelineno-97-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-4" name = "__codelineno-97-4" href = "#__codelineno-97-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > nullptr< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-5" name = "__codelineno-97-5" href = "#__codelineno-97-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-6" name = "__codelineno-97-6" href = "#__codelineno-97-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-7" name = "__codelineno-97-7" href = "#__codelineno-97-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-8" name = "__codelineno-97-8" href = "#__codelineno-97-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-97-9" name = "__codelineno-97-9" href = "#__codelineno-97-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-98-1" name = "__codelineno-98-1" href = "#__codelineno-98-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-2" name = "__codelineno-98-2" href = "#__codelineno-98-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-3" name = "__codelineno-98-3" href = "#__codelineno-98-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-4" name = "__codelineno-98-4" href = "#__codelineno-98-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-5" name = "__codelineno-98-5" href = "#__codelineno-98-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-6" name = "__codelineno-98-6" href = "#__codelineno-98-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-7" name = "__codelineno-98-7" href = "#__codelineno-98-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-8" name = "__codelineno-98-8" href = "#__codelineno-98-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-98-9" name = "__codelineno-98-9" href = "#__codelineno-98-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-99-1" name = "__codelineno-99-1" href = "#__codelineno-99-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-2" name = "__codelineno-99-2" href = "#__codelineno-99-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BuildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-3" name = "__codelineno-99-3" href = "#__codelineno-99-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-4" name = "__codelineno-99-4" href = "#__codelineno-99-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-5" name = "__codelineno-99-5" href = "#__codelineno-99-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BuildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-6" name = "__codelineno-99-6" href = "#__codelineno-99-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BuildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-7" name = "__codelineno-99-7" href = "#__codelineno-99-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-8" name = "__codelineno-99-8" href = "#__codelineno-99-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-99-9" name = "__codelineno-99-9" href = "#__codelineno-99-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-100-1" name = "__codelineno-100-1" href = "#__codelineno-100-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-2" name = "__codelineno-100-2" href = "#__codelineno-100-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > treeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-3" name = "__codelineno-100-3" href = "#__codelineno-100-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-4" name = "__codelineno-100-4" href = "#__codelineno-100-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > nil< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-5" name = "__codelineno-100-5" href = "#__codelineno-100-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-6" name = "__codelineno-100-6" href = "#__codelineno-100-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newTreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-7" name = "__codelineno-100-7" href = "#__codelineno-100-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-8" name = "__codelineno-100-8" href = "#__codelineno-100-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-9" name = "__codelineno-100-9" href = "#__codelineno-100-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-100-10" name = "__codelineno-100-10" href = "#__codelineno-100-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-101-1" name = "__codelineno-101-1" href = "#__codelineno-101-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-2" name = "__codelineno-101-2" href = "#__codelineno-101-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > ?< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-3" name = "__codelineno-101-3" href = "#__codelineno-101-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-4" name = "__codelineno-101-4" href = "#__codelineno-101-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "kc" > nil< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-5" name = "__codelineno-101-5" href = "#__codelineno-101-5" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-6" name = "__codelineno-101-6" href = "#__codelineno-101-6" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > x< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-7" name = "__codelineno-101-7" href = "#__codelineno-101-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "kr" > left< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-8" name = "__codelineno-101-8" href = "#__codelineno-101-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "kr" > right< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-9" name = "__codelineno-101-9" href = "#__codelineno-101-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-101-10" name = "__codelineno-101-10" href = "#__codelineno-101-10" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-102-1" name = "__codelineno-102-1" href = "#__codelineno-102-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-2" name = "__codelineno-102-2" href = "#__codelineno-102-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-3" name = "__codelineno-102-3" href = "#__codelineno-102-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-4" name = "__codelineno-102-4" href = "#__codelineno-102-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-5" name = "__codelineno-102-5" href = "#__codelineno-102-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-6" name = "__codelineno-102-6" href = "#__codelineno-102-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-7" name = "__codelineno-102-7" href = "#__codelineno-102-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-102-8" name = "__codelineno-102-8" href = "#__codelineno-102-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-103-1" name = "__codelineno-103-1" href = "#__codelineno-103-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-2" name = "__codelineno-103-2" href = "#__codelineno-103-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > |< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-3" name = "__codelineno-103-3" href = "#__codelineno-103-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-4" name = "__codelineno-103-4" href = "#__codelineno-103-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-5" name = "__codelineno-103-5" href = "#__codelineno-103-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-6" name = "__codelineno-103-6" href = "#__codelineno-103-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-7" name = "__codelineno-103-7" href = "#__codelineno-103-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-103-8" name = "__codelineno-103-8" href = "#__codelineno-103-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-104-1" name = "__codelineno-104-1" href = "#__codelineno-104-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-2" name = "__codelineno-104-2" href = "#__codelineno-104-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "o" > ?< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-3" name = "__codelineno-104-3" href = "#__codelineno-104-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-4" name = "__codelineno-104-4" href = "#__codelineno-104-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-5" name = "__codelineno-104-5" href = "#__codelineno-104-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-6" name = "__codelineno-104-6" href = "#__codelineno-104-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-7" name = "__codelineno-104-7" href = "#__codelineno-104-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-104-8" name = "__codelineno-104-8" href = "#__codelineno-104-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-105-1" name = "__codelineno-105-1" href = "#__codelineno-105-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-2" name = "__codelineno-105-2" href = "#__codelineno-105-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > : < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Option< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Rc< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > RefCell< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "o" > > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-3" name = "__codelineno-105-3" href = "#__codelineno-105-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > None< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-4" name = "__codelineno-105-4" href = "#__codelineno-105-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-5" name = "__codelineno-105-5" href = "#__codelineno-105-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow_mut< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-6" name = "__codelineno-105-6" href = "#__codelineno-105-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > borrow_mut< / span > < span class = "p" > ().< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > build_tree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-7" name = "__codelineno-105-7" href = "#__codelineno-105-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-105-8" name = "__codelineno-105-8" href = "#__codelineno-105-8" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-106-1" name = "__codelineno-106-1" href = "#__codelineno-106-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 指数阶（建立满二叉树） */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-2" name = "__codelineno-106-2" href = "#__codelineno-106-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nf" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-3" name = "__codelineno-106-3" href = "#__codelineno-106-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-4" name = "__codelineno-106-4" href = "#__codelineno-106-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > NULL< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-5" name = "__codelineno-106-5" href = "#__codelineno-106-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > newTreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-6" name = "__codelineno-106-6" href = "#__codelineno-106-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-7" name = "__codelineno-106-7" href = "#__codelineno-106-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-8" name = "__codelineno-106-8" href = "#__codelineno-106-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-106-9" name = "__codelineno-106-9" href = "#__codelineno-106-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > space_complexity.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-107-1" name = "__codelineno-107-1" href = "#__codelineno-107-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 指数阶（建立满二叉树）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-2" name = "__codelineno-107-2" href = "#__codelineno-107-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mem< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !?*< / span > < span class = "n" > inc< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-3" name = "__codelineno-107-3" href = "#__codelineno-107-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > null< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-4" name = "__codelineno-107-4" href = "#__codelineno-107-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > create< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > inc< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > TreeNode< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-5" name = "__codelineno-107-5" href = "#__codelineno-107-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-6" name = "__codelineno-107-6" href = "#__codelineno-107-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > left< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-7" name = "__codelineno-107-7" href = "#__codelineno-107-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > right< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > try< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > buildTree< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > mem_allocator< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > n< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-8" name = "__codelineno-107-8" href = "#__codelineno-107-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-107-9" name = "__codelineno-107-9" href = "#__codelineno-107-9" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_exponential.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "Full Binary Tree Generating Exponential Order Space Complexity" class = "animation-figure" src = "../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_exponential.png" / > < / a > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Figure 2-19 Full Binary Tree Generating Exponential Order Space Complexity < / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
2023-12-25 02:38:25 +08:00
< h3 id = "5-logarithmic-order-olog-n" > 5. Logarithmic Order < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(\log n)\)< / span > < a class = "headerlink" href = "#5-logarithmic-order-olog-n" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
< p > Logarithmic order is common in divide-and-conquer algorithms. For example, in merge sort, an array of length < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > is recursively divided in half each round, forming a recursion tree of height < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\log n\)< / span > , using < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(\log n)\)< / span > stack frame space.< / p >
< p > Another example is converting a number to a string. Given a positive integer < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > , its number of digits is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\log_{10} n + 1\)< / span > , corresponding to the length of the string, thus the space complexity is < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)\)< / span > .< / p >
< h2 id = "244-balancing-time-and-space" > 2.4.4 Balancing Time and Space< a class = "headerlink" href = "#244-balancing-time-and-space" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > Ideally, we aim for both time complexity and space complexity to be optimal. However, in practice, optimizing both simultaneously is often difficult.< / p >
< p > < strong > Lowering time complexity usually comes at the cost of increased space complexity, and vice versa< / strong > . The approach of sacrificing memory space to improve algorithm speed is known as "space-time tradeoff"; the reverse is known as "time-space tradeoff".< / p >
< p > The choice depends on which aspect we value more. In most cases, time is more precious than space, so "space-time tradeoff" is often the more common strategy. Of course, controlling space complexity is also very important when dealing with large volumes of data.< / p >
2023-12-22 00:01:12 +08:00
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