hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp

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/**
* File: binary_search_tree.cpp
* Created Time: 2022-11-25
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../include/include.hpp"
/* 二叉搜索树 */
class BinarySearchTree {
private:
TreeNode* root;
public:
BinarySearchTree(vector<int> nums) {
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 排序数组
root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1); // 构建二叉搜索树
}
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~BinarySearchTree() {
freeMemoryTree(root);
}
/* 获取二叉树根结点 */
TreeNode* getRoot() {
return root;
}
/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int> nums, int i, int j) {
if (i > j) return nullptr;
// 将数组中间结点作为根结点
int mid = (i + j) / 2;
TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
// 递归建立左子树和右子树
root->left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
root->right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
return root;
}
/* 查找结点 */
TreeNode* search(int num) {
TreeNode* cur = root;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right;
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
else if (cur->val > num) cur = cur->left;
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
else break;
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur;
}
/* 插入结点 */
TreeNode* insert(int num) {
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
if (root == nullptr) return nullptr;
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到重复结点,直接返回
if (cur->val == num) return nullptr;
pre = cur;
// 插入位置在 root 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right;
// 插入位置在 root 的左子树中
else cur = cur->left;
}
// 插入结点 val
TreeNode* node = new TreeNode(num);
if (pre->val < num) pre->right = node;
else pre->left = node;
return node;
}
/* 删除结点 */
TreeNode* remove(int num) {
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
if (root == nullptr) return nullptr;
TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur != nullptr) {
// 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
if (cur->val == num) break;
pre = cur;
// 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中
if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right;
// 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中
else cur = cur->left;
}
// 若无待删除结点,则直接返回
if (cur == nullptr) return nullptr;
// 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
// 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子结点
TreeNode* child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
// 删除结点 cur
if (pre->left == cur) pre->left = child;
else pre->right = child;
// 释放内存
delete cur;
}
// 子结点数量 = 2
else {
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
TreeNode* nex = getInOrderNext(cur->right);
int tmp = nex->val;
// 递归删除结点 nex
remove(nex->val);
// 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
cur->val = tmp;
}
return cur;
}
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
TreeNode* getInOrderNext(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == nullptr) return root;
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
while (root->left != nullptr) {
root = root->left;
}
return root;
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
vector<int> nums = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
BinarySearchTree* bst = new BinarySearchTree(nums);
cout << endl << "初始化的二叉树为\n" << endl;
PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 查找结点 */
TreeNode* node = bst->search(7);
cout << endl << "查找到的结点对象为 " << node << ",结点值 = " << node->val << endl;
/* 插入结点 */
node = bst->insert(16);
cout << endl << "插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot());
/* 删除结点 */
bst->remove(1);
cout << endl << "删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(2);
cout << endl << "删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot());
bst->remove(4);
cout << endl << "删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot());
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// 释放内存
delete bst;
return 0;
}