2024-03-25 16:22:17 +08:00
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/**
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* File: avl_tree.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_tree
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import utils.TreeNode
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import utils.printTree
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import kotlin.math.max
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/* AVL 树 */
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class AVLTree {
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var root: TreeNode? = null // 根节点
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/* 获取节点高度 */
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fun height(node: TreeNode?): Int {
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// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
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return node?.height ?: -1
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}
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/* 更新节点高度 */
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private fun updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {
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// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node?.height = max(height(node?.left), height(node?.right)) + 1
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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fun balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?): Int {
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// 空节点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == null) return 0
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// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node.left) - height(node.right)
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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private fun rightRotate(node: TreeNode?): TreeNode {
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val child = node!!.left
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val grandChild = child!!.right
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child.right = node
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node.left = grandChild
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node)
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updateHeight(child)
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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private fun leftRotate(node: TreeNode?): TreeNode {
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val child = node!!.right
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val grandChild = child!!.left
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child.left = node
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node.right = grandChild
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node)
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updateHeight(child)
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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private fun rotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {
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// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
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val balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node)
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// 左偏树
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if (balanceFactor > 1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node)
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node.left = leftRotate(node.left)
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return rightRotate(node)
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (balanceFactor < -1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node)
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node.right = rightRotate(node.right)
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return leftRotate(node)
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
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return node
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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fun insert(_val: Int) {
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root = insertHelper(root, _val)
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}
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/* 递归插入节点(辅助方法) */
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private fun insertHelper(n: TreeNode?, _val: Int): TreeNode {
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if (n == null)
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return TreeNode(_val)
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var node = n
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/* 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点 */
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if (_val < node._val)
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node.left = insertHelper(node.left, _val)
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else if (_val > node._val)
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node.right = insertHelper(node.right, _val)
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else
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return node // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
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updateHeight(node) // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node)
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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fun remove(_val: Int) {
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root = removeHelper(root, _val)
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}
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/* 递归删除节点(辅助方法) */
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private fun removeHelper(n: TreeNode?, _val: Int): TreeNode? {
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var node = n ?: return null
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/* 1. 查找节点并删除 */
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if (_val < node._val)
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node.left = removeHelper(node.left, _val)
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else if (_val > node._val)
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, _val)
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else {
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if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {
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val child = if (node.left != null)
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node.left
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else
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node.right
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// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == null)
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return null
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// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else
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node = child
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} else {
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// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
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var temp = node.right
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while (temp!!.left != null) {
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temp = temp.left
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}
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp._val)
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node._val = temp._val
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node) // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node)
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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fun search(_val: Int): TreeNode? {
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var cur = root
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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cur = if (cur._val < _val)
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cur.right!!
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur._val > _val)
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cur.left
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur
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}
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}
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fun testInsert(tree: AVLTree, _val: Int) {
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tree.insert(_val)
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println("\n插入节点 $_val 后,AVL 树为")
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printTree(tree.root)
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}
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fun testRemove(tree: AVLTree, _val: Int) {
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tree.remove(_val)
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println("\n删除节点 $_val 后,AVL 树为")
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printTree(tree.root)
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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val avlTree = AVLTree()
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/* 插入节点 */
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// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(avlTree, 1)
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testInsert(avlTree, 2)
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testInsert(avlTree, 3)
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testInsert(avlTree, 4)
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testInsert(avlTree, 5)
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testInsert(avlTree, 8)
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testInsert(avlTree, 7)
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testInsert(avlTree, 9)
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testInsert(avlTree, 10)
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testInsert(avlTree, 6)
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/* 插入重复节点 */
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testInsert(avlTree, 7)
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/* 删除节点 */
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// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(avlTree, 8) // 删除度为 0 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 5) // 删除度为 1 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 4) // 删除度为 2 的节点
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/* 查询节点 */
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val node = avlTree.search(7)
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println("\n 查找到的节点对象为 $node,节点值 = ${node?._val}")
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}
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