hello-algo/codes/ruby/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rb

=begin
File: preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-22
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end

require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
require_relative '../utils/print_util'

### 前序遍历：例题三 ###
def pre_order(root)
  # 剪枝
  return if !root || root.val == 3

  # 尝试
  $path.append(root)

  # 记录解
  $res << $path.dup if root.val == 7

  pre_order(root.left)
  pre_order(root.right)

  # 回退
  $path.pop
end

### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
  root = arr_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
  puts "\n初始化二叉树"
  print_tree(root)

  # 前序遍历
  $path, $res = [], []
  pre_order(root)

  puts "\n输出所有根节点到节点 7 的路径，路径中不包含值为 3 的节点"
  for path in $res
    p path.map { |node| node.val }
  end
end