hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/ruby/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.rb

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=begin
File: n_queens.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-21
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 回溯演算法n 皇后 ###
def backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
# 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
if row == n
res << state.map { |row| row.dup }
return
end
# 走訪所有列
for col in 0...n
# 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
diag1 = row - col + n - 1
diag2 = row + col
# 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]
# 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
state[row][col] = "Q"
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true
# 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
# 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
state[row][col] = "#"
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false
end
end
end
### 求解 n 皇后 ###
def n_queens(n)
# 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
state = Array.new(n) { Array.new(n, "#") }
cols = Array.new(n, false) # 記錄列是否有皇后
diags1 = Array.new(2 * n - 1, false) # 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
diags2 = Array.new(2 * n - 1, false) # 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
res = []
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
res
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
n = 4
res = n_queens(n)
puts "輸入棋盤長寬為 #{n}"
puts "皇后放置方案共有 #{res.length}"
for state in res
puts "--------------------"
for row in state
p row
end
end
end