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147 lines
4.3 KiB
Python
147 lines
4.3 KiB
Python
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"""
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File: binary_search_tree.py
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Created Time: 2022-12-20
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Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
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"""
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import sys
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from pathlib import Path
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sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
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from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
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class BinarySearchTree:
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"""二元搜尋樹"""
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def __init__(self):
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"""建構子"""
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# 初始化空樹
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self._root = None
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def get_root(self) -> TreeNode | None:
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"""獲取二元樹根節點"""
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return self._root
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def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:
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"""查詢節點"""
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cur = self._root
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# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while cur is not None:
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# 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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elif cur.val > num:
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cur = cur.left
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# 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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else:
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break
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return cur
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def insert(self, num: int):
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"""插入節點"""
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# 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if self._root is None:
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self._root = TreeNode(num)
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return
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# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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cur, pre = self._root, None
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while cur is not None:
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# 找到重複節點,直接返回
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if cur.val == num:
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return
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pre = cur
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# 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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else:
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cur = cur.left
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# 插入節點
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node = TreeNode(num)
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if pre.val < num:
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pre.right = node
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else:
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pre.left = node
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def remove(self, num: int):
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"""刪除節點"""
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# 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if self._root is None:
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return
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# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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cur, pre = self._root, None
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while cur is not None:
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# 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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if cur.val == num:
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break
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pre = cur
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# 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else:
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cur = cur.left
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# 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if cur is None:
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return
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# 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
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if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:
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# 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = null / 該子節點
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child = cur.left or cur.right
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# 刪除節點 cur
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if cur != self._root:
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if pre.left == cur:
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pre.left = child
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else:
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pre.right = child
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else:
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# 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
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self._root = child
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# 子節點數量 = 2
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else:
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# 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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tmp: TreeNode = cur.right
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while tmp.left is not None:
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tmp = tmp.left
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# 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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self.remove(tmp.val)
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# 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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cur.val = tmp.val
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"""Driver Code"""
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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# 初始化二元搜尋樹
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bst = BinarySearchTree()
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nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
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# 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
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for num in nums:
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bst.insert(num)
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print("\n初始化的二元樹為\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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# 查詢節點
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node = bst.search(7)
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print("\n查詢到的節點物件為: {},節點值 = {}".format(node, node.val))
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# 插入節點
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bst.insert(16)
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print("\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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# 刪除節點
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bst.remove(1)
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print("\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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bst.remove(2)
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print("\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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bst.remove(4)
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print("\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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