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61 lines
2.2 KiB
Java
61 lines
2.2 KiB
Java
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_ii.java
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_backtracking;
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import java.util.*;
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public class subset_sum_ii {
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
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static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
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continue;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.add(choices[i]);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.remove(state.size() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 II */
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static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集)
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Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
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int target = 9;
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
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System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
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}
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}
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