mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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172 lines
4.6 KiB
C
172 lines
4.6 KiB
C
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/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.c
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* Created Time: 2023-01-11
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* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.h"
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/* 二元搜尋樹結構體 */
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typedef struct {
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TreeNode *root;
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} BinarySearchTree;
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/* 建構子 */
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BinarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree() {
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// 初始化空樹
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BinarySearchTree *bst = (BinarySearchTree *)malloc(sizeof(BinarySearchTree));
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bst->root = NULL;
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return bst;
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}
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/* 析構函式 */
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void delBinarySearchTree(BinarySearchTree *bst) {
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freeMemoryTree(bst->root);
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free(bst);
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}
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/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
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TreeNode *getRoot(BinarySearchTree *bst) {
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return bst->root;
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}
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/* 查詢節點 */
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TreeNode *search(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else if (cur->val > num) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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cur = cur->left;
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} else {
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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break;
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}
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入節點 */
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void insert(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if (bst->root == NULL) {
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bst->root = newTreeNode(num);
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return;
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}
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到重複節點,直接返回
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if (cur->val == num) {
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return;
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}
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 插入節點
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TreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);
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if (pre->val < num) {
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pre->right = node;
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} else {
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pre->left = node;
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}
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}
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/* 刪除節點 */
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// 由於引入了 stdio.h ,此處無法使用 remove 關鍵詞
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void removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if (bst->root == NULL)
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return;
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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if (cur->val == num)
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break;
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 待刪除節點在 root 的右子樹中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 待刪除節點在 root 的左子樹中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if (cur == NULL)
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return;
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// 判斷待刪除節點是否存在子節點
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if (cur->left == NULL || cur->right == NULL) {
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/* 子節點數量 = 0 or 1 */
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// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = nullptr / 該子節點
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TreeNode *child = cur->left != NULL ? cur->left : cur->right;
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// 刪除節點 cur
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if (pre->left == cur) {
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pre->left = child;
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} else {
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pre->right = child;
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}
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// 釋放記憶體
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free(cur);
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} else {
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/* 子節點數量 = 2 */
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// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
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while (tmp->left != NULL) {
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tmp = tmp->left;
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}
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int tmpVal = tmp->val;
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// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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removeItem(bst, tmp->val);
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// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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cur->val = tmpVal;
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
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int nums[] = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
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BinarySearchTree *bst = newBinarySearchTree();
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for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int); i++) {
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insert(bst, nums[i]);
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}
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printf("初始化的二元樹為\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 查詢節點 */
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TreeNode *node = search(bst, 7);
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printf("查詢到的節點物件的節點值 = %d\n", node->val);
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/* 插入節點 */
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insert(bst, 16);
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printf("插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 刪除節點 */
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removeItem(bst, 1);
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printf("刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeItem(bst, 2);
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printf("刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeItem(bst, 4);
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printf("刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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// 釋放記憶體
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delBinarySearchTree(bst);
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return 0;
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}
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