hello-algo/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.js

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/**
* File: binary_tree.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-04
* Author: IsChristina (christinaxia77@foxmail.com)
*/
const Tree = require("../include/TreeNode");
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const { printTree } = require("../include/PrintUtil");
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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var root;
function BinarySearchTree(nums) {
nums.sort((a, b) => { return a - b }); // 排序数组
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root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.length - 1); // 构建二叉搜索树
}
/* 获取二叉树根结点 */
function getRoot() {
return root;
}
/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
function buildTree(nums, i, j) {
if (i > j) return null;
// 将数组中间结点作为根结点
let mid = Math.floor((i + j) / 2);
let root = new Tree.TreeNode(nums[mid]);
// 递归建立左子树和右子树
root.left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
root.right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
return root;
}
/* 查找结点 */
function search(num) {
let cur = root;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur !== null) {
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
else break;
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur;
}
/* 插入结点 */
function insert(num) {
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
if (root === null) return null;
let cur = root, pre = null;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur !== null) {
// 找到重复结点,直接返回
if (cur.val === num) return null;
pre = cur;
// 插入位置在 root 的右子树中
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
// 插入位置在 root 的左子树中
else cur = cur.left;
}
// 插入结点 val
let node = new Tree.TreeNode(num);
if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;
else pre.left = node;
return node;
}
/* 删除结点 */
function remove(num) {
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
if (root === null) return null;
let cur = root, pre = null;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur !== null) {
// 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
if (cur.val === num) break;
pre = cur;
// 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
// 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中
else cur = cur.left;
}
// 若无待删除结点,则直接返回
if (cur === null) return null;
// 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
if (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {
// 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子结点
let child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;
// 删除结点 cur
if (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;
else pre.right = child;
}
// 子结点数量 = 2
else {
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
let nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
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let tmp = nex.val;
// 递归删除结点 nex
remove(nex.val);
// 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
cur.val = tmp;
}
return cur;
}
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
function getInOrderNext(root) {
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if (root === null) return root;
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
while (root.left !== null) {
root = root.left;
}
return root;
}
/* Driver Code */
/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
var nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15];
BinarySearchTree(nums);
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console.log("\n初始化的二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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/* 查找结点 */
let node = search(7);
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console.log("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node.val);
/* 插入结点 */
node = insert(16);
console.log("\n插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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/* 删除结点 */
remove(1);
console.log("\n删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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remove(2);
console.log("\n删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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remove(4);
console.log("\n删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());