2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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/*
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* File: binary_search_tree.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-20
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* Author: xBLACKICEx (xBLACKICE@outlook.com)、night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
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*/
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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use hello_algo_rust::include::print_util;
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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use std::cell::RefCell;
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use std::cmp::Ordering;
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use std::rc::Rc;
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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use hello_algo_rust::include::TreeNode;
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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type OptionTreeNodeRc = Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>;
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/* 二元搜尋樹 */
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pub struct BinarySearchTree {
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root: OptionTreeNodeRc,
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}
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impl BinarySearchTree {
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/* 建構子 */
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pub fn new() -> Self {
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// 初始化空樹
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Self { root: None }
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}
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/* 獲取二元樹根節點 */
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pub fn get_root(&self) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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self.root.clone()
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}
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/* 查詢節點 */
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pub fn search(&self, num: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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let mut cur = self.root.clone();
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {
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match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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Ordering::Greater => cur = node.borrow().right.clone(),
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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Ordering::Less => cur = node.borrow().left.clone(),
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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Ordering::Equal => break,
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}
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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cur
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}
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/* 插入節點 */
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pub fn insert(&mut self, num: i32) {
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// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if self.root.is_none() {
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self.root = Some(TreeNode::new(num));
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return;
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}
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let mut cur = self.root.clone();
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let mut pre = None;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {
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match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {
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// 找到重複節點,直接返回
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Ordering::Equal => return,
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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Ordering::Greater => {
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pre = cur.clone();
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cur = node.borrow().right.clone();
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}
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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Ordering::Less => {
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pre = cur.clone();
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cur = node.borrow().left.clone();
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}
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}
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}
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// 插入節點
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let pre = pre.unwrap();
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let node = Some(TreeNode::new(num));
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if num > pre.borrow().val {
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pre.borrow_mut().right = node;
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} else {
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pre.borrow_mut().left = node;
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}
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}
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/* 刪除節點 */
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pub fn remove(&mut self, num: i32) {
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// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if self.root.is_none() {
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return;
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}
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let mut cur = self.root.clone();
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let mut pre = None;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {
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match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {
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// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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Ordering::Equal => break,
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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Ordering::Greater => {
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pre = cur.clone();
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cur = node.borrow().right.clone();
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}
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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Ordering::Less => {
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pre = cur.clone();
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cur = node.borrow().left.clone();
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}
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}
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}
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// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if cur.is_none() {
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return;
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}
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let cur = cur.unwrap();
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let (left_child, right_child) = (cur.borrow().left.clone(), cur.borrow().right.clone());
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match (left_child.clone(), right_child.clone()) {
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// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
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(None, None) | (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => {
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// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = nullptr / 該子節點
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let child = left_child.or(right_child);
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let pre = pre.unwrap();
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// 刪除節點 cur
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if !Rc::ptr_eq(&cur, self.root.as_ref().unwrap()) {
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let left = pre.borrow().left.clone();
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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if left.is_some() && Rc::ptr_eq(left.as_ref().unwrap(), &cur) {
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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pre.borrow_mut().left = child;
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} else {
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pre.borrow_mut().right = child;
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}
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} else {
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// 若刪除節點為根節點,則重新指定根節點
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self.root = child;
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}
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}
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// 子節點數量 = 2
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(Some(_), Some(_)) => {
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// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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let mut tmp = cur.borrow().right.clone();
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while let Some(node) = tmp.clone() {
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if node.borrow().left.is_some() {
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tmp = node.borrow().left.clone();
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} else {
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break;
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}
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}
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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let tmp_val = tmp.unwrap().borrow().val;
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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self.remove(tmp_val);
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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2024-11-25 19:21:11 +08:00
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cur.borrow_mut().val = tmp_val;
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2024-04-06 02:30:11 +08:00
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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/* 初始化二元搜尋樹 */
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let mut bst = BinarySearchTree::new();
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// 請注意,不同的插入順序會生成不同的二元樹,該序列可以生成一個完美二元樹
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let nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15];
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for &num in &nums {
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bst.insert(num);
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}
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println!("\n初始化的二元樹為\n");
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print_util::print_tree(bst.get_root().as_ref().unwrap());
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/* 查詢結點 */
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let node = bst.search(7);
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println!(
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"\n查詢到的節點物件為 {:?},節點值 = {}",
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node.clone().unwrap(),
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node.clone().unwrap().borrow().val
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);
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/* 插入節點 */
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bst.insert(16);
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println!("\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n");
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print_util::print_tree(bst.get_root().as_ref().unwrap());
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/* 刪除節點 */
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bst.remove(1);
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println!("\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n");
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print_util::print_tree(bst.get_root().as_ref().unwrap());
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bst.remove(2);
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println!("\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n");
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print_util::print_tree(bst.get_root().as_ref().unwrap());
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bst.remove(4);
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println!("\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n");
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print_util::print_tree(bst.get_root().as_ref().unwrap());
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}
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