mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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158 lines
4.3 KiB
Dart
158 lines
4.3 KiB
Dart
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/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-06-25
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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import 'array_hash_map.dart';
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/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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late int _size; // 鍵值對數量
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int _capacity = 4; // 雜湊表容量
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double _loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
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int _extendRatio = 2; // 擴容倍數
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late List<Pair?> _buckets; // 桶陣列
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Pair _TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1"); // 刪除標記
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/* 建構子 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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_size = 0;
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_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);
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}
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/* 雜湊函式 */
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int hashFunc(int key) {
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return key % _capacity;
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}
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/* 負載因子 */
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double loadFactor() {
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return _size / _capacity;
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}
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/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
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int findBucket(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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int firstTombstone = -1;
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// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
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while (_buckets[index] != null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
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if (_buckets[index]!.key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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_buckets[firstTombstone] = _buckets[index];
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_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
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return firstTombstone; // 返回移動後的桶索引
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}
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return index; // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && _buckets[index] == _TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index;
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}
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// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
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index = (index + 1) % _capacity;
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
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return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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}
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/* 查詢操作 */
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String? get(int key) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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return _buckets[index]!.val;
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
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return null;
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}
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/* 新增操作 */
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void put(int key, String val) {
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// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
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if (loadFactor() > _loadThres) {
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extend();
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}
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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_buckets[index]!.val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
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_buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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_size++;
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}
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/* 刪除操作 */
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void remove(int key) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
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_size--;
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}
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}
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/* 擴容雜湊表 */
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void extend() {
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// 暫存原雜湊表
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List<Pair?> bucketsTmp = _buckets;
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// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
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_capacity *= _extendRatio;
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_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);
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_size = 0;
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// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
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for (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != null && pair != _TOMBSTONE) {
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put(pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 列印雜湊表 */
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void printHashMap() {
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for (Pair? pair in _buckets) {
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if (pair == null) {
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print("null");
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} else if (pair == _TOMBSTONE) {
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print("TOMBSTONE");
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} else {
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print("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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/* 初始化雜湊表 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing map = HashMapOpenAddressing();
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/* 新增操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.put(12836, "小哈");
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map.put(15937, "小囉");
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map.put(16750, "小算");
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map.put(13276, "小法");
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map.put(10583, "小鴨");
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print("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
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map.printHashMap();
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/* 查詢操作 */
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// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 value
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String? name = map.get(13276);
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print("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 $name");
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/* 刪除操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.remove(16750);
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print("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
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map.printHashMap();
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}
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