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45 lines
1.3 KiB
Zig
45 lines
1.3 KiB
Zig
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// File: climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig
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// Created Time: 2023-07-15
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// Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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const std = @import("std");
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// 回溯
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fn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {
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// 當爬到第 n 階時,方案數量加 1
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if (state == n) {
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res.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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for (choices) |choice| {
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// 剪枝:不允許越過第 n 階
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if (state + choice > n) {
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continue;
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}
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);
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// 回退
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}
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}
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// 爬樓梯:回溯
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fn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {
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var choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // 可選擇向上爬 1 階或 2 階
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var state: i32 = 0; // 從第 0 階開始爬
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var res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
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defer res.deinit();
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try res.append(0); // 使用 res[0] 記錄方案數量
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backtrack(&choices, state, @intCast(n), res);
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return res.items[0];
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}
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// Driver Code
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pub fn main() !void {
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var n: usize = 9;
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var res = try climbingStairsBacktrack(n);
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std.debug.print("爬 {} 階樓梯共有 {} 種方案\n", .{ n, res });
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_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
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}
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