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<h1 id="12-what-is-an-algorithm">1.2 &nbsp; What is an Algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#12-what-is-an-algorithm" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h2 id="121-definition-of-an-algorithm">1.2.1 &nbsp; Definition of an Algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#121-definition-of-an-algorithm" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>An "algorithm" is a set of instructions or steps to solve a specific problem within a finite amount of time. It has the following characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li>The problem is clearly defined, including unambiguous definitions of input and output.</li>
<li>The algorithm is feasible, meaning it can be completed within a finite number of steps, time, and memory space.</li>
<li>Each step has a definitive meaning. The output is consistently the same under the same inputs and conditions.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="122-definition-of-a-data-structure">1.2.2 &nbsp; Definition of a Data Structure<a class="headerlink" href="#122-definition-of-a-data-structure" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>A "data structure" is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer, with the following design goals:</p>
<ul>
<li>Minimize space occupancy to save computer memory.</li>
<li>Make data operations as fast as possible, covering data access, addition, deletion, updating, etc.</li>
<li>Provide concise data representation and logical information to enable efficient algorithm execution.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Designing data structures is a balancing act, often requiring trade-offs</strong>. If you want to improve in one aspect, you often need to compromise in another. Here are two examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>Compared to arrays, linked lists offer more convenience in data addition and deletion but sacrifice data access speed.</li>
<li>Graphs, compared to linked lists, provide richer logical information but require more memory space.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="123-relationship-between-data-structures-and-algorithms">1.2.3 &nbsp; Relationship Between Data Structures and Algorithms<a class="headerlink" href="#123-relationship-between-data-structures-and-algorithms" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>As shown in the diagram below, data structures and algorithms are highly related and closely integrated, specifically in the following three aspects:</p>
<ul>
<li>Data structures are the foundation of algorithms. They provide structured data storage and methods for manipulating data for algorithms.</li>
<li>Algorithms are the stage where data structures come into play. The data structure alone only stores data information; it is through the application of algorithms that specific problems can be solved.</li>
<li>Algorithms can often be implemented based on different data structures, but their execution efficiency can vary greatly. Choosing the right data structure is key.</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../what_is_dsa.assets/relationship_between_data_structure_and_algorithm.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Relationship between data structures and algorithms" class="animation-figure" src="../what_is_dsa.assets/relationship_between_data_structure_and_algorithm.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> Figure 1-4 &nbsp; Relationship between data structures and algorithms </p>
<p>Data structures and algorithms can be likened to a set of building blocks, as illustrated in the Figure 1-5 . A building block set includes numerous pieces, accompanied by detailed assembly instructions. Following these instructions step by step allows us to construct an intricate block model.</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../what_is_dsa.assets/assembling_blocks.jpg" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Assembling blocks" class="animation-figure" src="../what_is_dsa.assets/assembling_blocks.jpg" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> Figure 1-5 &nbsp; Assembling blocks </p>
<p>The detailed correspondence between the two is shown in the Table 1-1 .</p>
<p align="center"> Table 1-1 &nbsp; Comparing Data Structures and Algorithms to Building Blocks </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Data Structures and Algorithms</th>
<th>Building Blocks</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Input data</td>
<td>Unassembled blocks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data structure</td>
<td>Organization of blocks, including shape, size, connections, etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Algorithm</td>
<td>A series of steps to assemble the blocks into the desired shape</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Output data</td>
<td>Completed Block model</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>It's worth noting that data structures and algorithms are independent of programming languages. For this reason, this book is able to provide implementations in multiple programming languages.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Conventional Abbreviation</p>
<p>In real-life discussions, we often refer to "Data Structures and Algorithms" simply as "Algorithms". For example, the well-known LeetCode algorithm problems actually test both data structure and algorithm knowledge.</p>
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