hello-algo/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py

"""
File: graph_bfs.py
Created Time: 2023-02-23
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
"""

import sys, os.path as osp
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
from modules import *
from collections import deque
from graph_adjacency_list import GraphAdjList

def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> list[Vertex]:
    """ 广度优先遍历 BFS """
    # 使用邻接表来表示图，以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
    # 顶点遍历序列
    res = []
    # 哈希表，用于记录已被访问过的顶点
    visited = set[Vertex]([start_vet])
    # 队列用于实现 BFS
    que = deque[Vertex]([start_vet])
    # 以顶点 vet 为起点，循环直至访问完所有顶点
    while len(que) > 0:
        vet = que.popleft()  # 队首顶点出队
        res.append(vet)      # 记录访问顶点
        # 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
        for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]:
            if adj_vet in visited:
                continue         # 跳过已被访问过的顶点
            que.append(adj_vet)  # 只入队未访问的顶点
            visited.add(adj_vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
    # 返回顶点遍历序列
    return res


""" Driver Code """
if __name__ == "__main__":
    """初始化无向图"""
    v = vals_to_vets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
    edges = [[v[0], v[1]], [v[0], v[3]], [v[1], v[2]], [v[1], v[4]],
             [v[2], v[5]], [v[3], v[4]], [v[3], v[6]], [v[4], v[5]],
             [v[4], v[7]], [v[5], v[8]], [v[6], v[7]], [v[7], v[8]]]
    graph = GraphAdjList(edges)
    print("\n初始化后，图为")
    graph.print()

    """广度优先遍历 BFS"""
    res = graph_bfs(graph, v[0])
    print("\n广度优先遍历（BFS）顶点序列为")
    print(vets_to_vals(res))