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126 lines
4.1 KiB
Java
126 lines
4.1 KiB
Java
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/**
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* File: min_path_sum.java
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* Created Time: 2023-07-10
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_dynamic_programming;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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public class min_path_sum {
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/* 最小路徑和:暴力搜尋 */
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static int minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {
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// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0];
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
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}
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// 計算從左上角到 (i-1, j) 和 (i, j-1) 的最小路徑代價
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int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);
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int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);
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// 返回從左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
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return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:記憶化搜尋 */
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static int minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {
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// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0];
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
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}
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// 若已有記錄,則直接返回
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if (mem[i][j] != -1) {
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return mem[i][j];
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}
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// 左邊和上邊單元格的最小路徑代價
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int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);
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int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);
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// 記錄並返回左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
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mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];
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return mem[i][j];
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:動態規劃 */
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static int minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {
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int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;
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// 初始化 dp 表
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int[][] dp = new int[n][m];
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dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];
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// 狀態轉移:首行
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for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {
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dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];
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}
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// 狀態轉移:首列
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for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
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dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
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for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
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for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {
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dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];
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}
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}
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return dp[n - 1][m - 1];
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
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static int minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {
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int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;
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// 初始化 dp 表
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int[] dp = new int[m];
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// 狀態轉移:首行
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dp[0] = grid[0][0];
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for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {
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dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行
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for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
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// 狀態轉移:首列
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dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];
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// 狀態轉移:其餘列
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for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {
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dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];
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}
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}
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return dp[m - 1];
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[][] grid = {
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{ 1, 3, 1, 5 },
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{ 2, 2, 4, 2 },
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{ 5, 3, 2, 1 },
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{ 4, 3, 5, 2 }
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};
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int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;
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// 暴力搜尋
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int res = minPathSumDFS(grid, n - 1, m - 1);
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System.out.println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 " + res);
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// 記憶化搜尋
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int[][] mem = new int[n][m];
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for (int[] row : mem) {
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Arrays.fill(row, -1);
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}
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res = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, n - 1, m - 1);
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System.out.println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 " + res);
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// 動態規劃
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res = minPathSumDP(grid);
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System.out.println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 " + res);
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// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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res = minPathSumDPComp(grid);
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System.out.println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 " + res);
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}
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}
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