hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.cpp

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/**
* File: subset_sum_ii.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {
// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
if (target == 0) {
res.push_back(state);
return;
}
// 遍历所有选择
// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
break;
}
// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
state.push_back(choices[i]);
// 进行下一轮选择
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
state.pop_back();
}
}
/* 求解子集和 II */
vector<vector<int>> subsetSumII(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
vector<int> state; // 状态(子集)
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 对 nums 进行排序
int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
vector<int> nums = {4, 4, 5};
int target = 9;
vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
cout << "输入数组 nums = ";
printVector(nums);
cout << "target = " << target << endl;
cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl;
printVectorMatrix(res);
return 0;
}